Download or read book Supporting local economies from Business Rates to Land Value Taxation written by Julian Pratt and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2014-08-16 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper describes the many disadvantages associated with the National Non-Domestic (Business) Rates in the UK, and proposes replacing them with a Land Value Tax as proposed in the Mirrlees Review. It describes the impact of such a proposal, and proposes the details of a feasibility study that should be conducted by Treasury. Such a reform would reduce the burden of rates on premises that make good use of their site, while increasing the financial costs for sites that are poorly used, underdeveloped, derelict or being held out of use until their sale price rises. Owners of these sites would either have to make good use of their site or sell it to somebody who will. This would make land available for enterprise, stimulate economic growth in areas where the local economy is struggling and provide employment opportunities for local people.

Download or read book Assessing the Theory and Practice of Land Value Taxation written by Richard F. Dye and published by Lincoln Inst of Land Policy. This book was released on 2010 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The land value tax is the focus of this Policy Focus Report, Assessing the Theory and Practice of Land Value Taxation. A concept dating back to Henry George, the land value tax is a variant of the property tax that imposes a higher tax rate on land than on improvements, or taxes only the land value. Many other types of changes in property tax policy, such as assessment freezes or limitations, have undesirable side effects, including unequal treatment of similarly situated taxpayers and distortion of economic incentives. The land value tax can enhance both the fairness and the efficiency of property tax collection, with few undesirable effects; land is effectively in fixed supply, so an increase in the tax rate on land value will raise revenue without distorting the incentives for owners to invest in and use their land. A land value tax has also been seen as a way to combat urban sprawl by encouraging density and infill development. Authors Richard F. Dye and Richard W. England examine the experience of those who have implemented the land value tax -- more than 30 countries around the world, and in the United States, several municipalities dating back to 1913, when the Pennsylvania legislature permitted Pittsburgh and Scranton to tax land values at a higher rate than building values. A 1951 statute gave smaller Pennsylvania cities the same option to enact a two-rate property tax, a variation of the land value tax. About 15 communities currently use this type of tax program, while others tried and rescinded it. Hawaii also has experience with two-rate taxation, and Virginia and Connecticut have authorized municipalities to choose a two-rate property tax. The land value tax has been subjected to studies comparing jurisdictions with and without it, and to legal challenges. A land value tax also raises administrative issues, particularly in the area of property tax assessments. Land value taxation is an attractive alternative to the traditional property tax, especially to much more problematic types of property tax measures such as assessment limitations, the authors conclude. A land value tax is best implemented if local officials use best assessing practices to keep land and improvement values up to date; phase in dual tax rates over several years; and include a tax credit feature in those communities where land-rich but income-poor citizens might suffer from land value taxation.

Download or read book A Good Tax written by Joan Youngman and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In A Good Tax, tax expert Joan Youngman skillfully considers how to improve the operation of the property tax and supply the information that is often missing in public debate. She analyzes the legal, administrative, and political challenges to the property tax in the United States and offers recommendations for its improvement. The book is accessibly written for policy analysts and public officials who are dealing with specific property tax issues and for those concerned with property tax issues in general.

Download or read book Strong Towns written by Charles L. Marohn, Jr. and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-10-01 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new way forward for sustainable quality of life in cities of all sizes Strong Towns: A Bottom-Up Revolution to Build American Prosperity is a book of forward-thinking ideas that breaks with modern wisdom to present a new vision of urban development in the United States. Presenting the foundational ideas of the Strong Towns movement he co-founded, Charles Marohn explains why cities of all sizes continue to struggle to meet their basic needs, and reveals the new paradigm that can solve this longstanding problem. Inside, you’ll learn why inducing growth and development has been the conventional response to urban financial struggles—and why it just doesn’t work. New development and high-risk investing don’t generate enough wealth to support itself, and cities continue to struggle. Read this book to find out how cities large and small can focus on bottom-up investments to minimize risk and maximize their ability to strengthen the community financially and improve citizens’ quality of life. Develop in-depth knowledge of the underlying logic behind the “traditional” search for never-ending urban growth Learn practical solutions for ameliorating financial struggles through low-risk investment and a grassroots focus Gain insights and tools that can stop the vicious cycle of budget shortfalls and unexpected downturns Become a part of the Strong Towns revolution by shifting the focus away from top-down growth toward rebuilding American prosperity Strong Towns acknowledges that there is a problem with the American approach to growth and shows community leaders a new way forward. The Strong Towns response is a revolution in how we assemble the places we live.

Download or read book Rethinking Property Tax Incentives for Business written by Daphne A. Kenyon and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of property tax incentives for business by local governments throughout the United States has escalated over the last 50 years. While there is little evidence that these tax incentives are an effective instrument to promote economic development, they cost state and local governments $5 to $10 billion each year in forgone revenue. Three major obstacles can impede the success of property tax incentives as an economic development tool. First, incentives are unlikely to have a significant impact on a firm's profitability since property taxes are a small part of the total costs for most businesses--averaging much less than 1 percent of total costs for the U.S. manufacturing sector. Second, tax breaks are sometimes given to businesses that would have chosen the same location even without the incentives. When this happens, property tax incentives merely deplete the tax base without promoting economic development. Third, widespread use of incentives within a metropolitan area reduces their effectiveness, because when firms can obtain similar tax breaks in most jurisdictions, incentives are less likely to affect business location decisions. This report reviews five types of property tax incentives and examines their characteristics, costs, and effectiveness: property tax abatement programs; tax increment finance; enterprise zones; firm-specific property tax incentives; and property tax exemptions in connection with issuance of industrial development bonds. Alternatives to tax incentives should be considered by policy makers, such as customized job training, labor market intermediaries, and business support services. State and local governments also can pursue a policy of broad-based taxes with low tax rates or adopt split-rate property taxation with lower taxes on buildings than land.State policy makers are in a good position to increase the effectiveness of property tax incentives since they control how local governments use them. For example, states can restrict the use of incentives to certain geographic areas or certain types of facilities; publish information on the use of property tax incentives; conduct studies on their effectiveness; and reduce destructive local tax competition by not reimbursing local governments for revenue they forgo when they award property tax incentives.Local government officials can make wiser use of property tax incentives for business and avoid such incentives when their costs exceed their benefits. Localities should set clear criteria for the types of projects eligible for incentives; limit tax breaks to mobile facilities that export goods or services out of the region; involve tax administrators and other stakeholders in decisions to grant incentives; cooperate on economic development with other jurisdictions in the area; and be clear from the outset that not all businesses that ask for an incentive will receive one.Despite a generally poor record in promoting economic development, property tax incentives continue to be used. The goal is laudable: attracting new businesses to a jurisdiction can increase income or employment, expand the tax base, and revitalize distressed urban areas. In a best case scenario, attracting a large facility can increase worker productivity and draw related firms to the area, creating a positive feedback loop. This report offers recommendations to improve the odds of achieving these economic development goals.

Download or read book Stewardship Economy 1 private property without private ownership written by Julian Pratt and published by Richard Pratt. This book was released on 2021-10-29 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We need a different way of doing things. We need an economy that makes things fairer and more equal. We need economic systems that flourish within our environmental limits and mechanisms that prioritise sustainability. We need radical ideas. And, most importantly, we need ways to turn those ideas into a reality. Stewardship Economy explores how reimagining our relationship with land and the natural environment could address some of the critical challenges facing our local and global communities. It proposes a new way of viewing rights to land and other natural resources, something its author, Julian Pratt, calls stewardship. Under stewardship, similar to the current system, people have exclusive right to use the land. But in return for this right they have a duty of care for the land. They also have a duty to compensate others in the community who are excluded from using the land. This compensation is paid as a stewardship fee. A steward also has full ownership, in the traditional sense, of any buildings on the land. The system is based on the principle that everyone is entitled to an equal share of the wealth that is created by natural resources. The stewardship fee (land value tax) is gathered by governments and used in a combination of three ways (i) in place of conventional taxes, (ii) to fund public services and (iii) redistributed through the provision of a universal income. The stewardship book series sets out the moral and economic arguments for stewardship as well as demonstrating how it would work in practice and how transition to a full stewardship economy could happen. The first book in the series provides a summary of the proposal. The subsequent books provide further justification for the arguments made and the technical detail. Julian Pratt researched the history and the economics of the ideas set out here over many years. As a young doctor, he worked in Africa where he was deeply affected by the disease and preventable deaths he was witnessing. He realised that unequal distribution of agricultural land and the related poverty were key causes. Looking for solutions, he became interested in 18th and 19th century radical thinkers such as Thomas Spence, Thomas Paine and Henry George and saw how some of what they proposed could address economic inequality. Through this enquiry Julian became committed to a radical rethink of the economic system and saw a form of land tax as a fundamental part of this. Julian first released Stewardship Economy in 2011 and he continued to develop the ideas until his death in 2018. Over the last few years authors and commentators from different perspectives have proposed various aspects of what Julian brings together in a unifying whole. His work is being republished now because his ideas are more relevant than ever for the global challenges of the 2020s.

Download or read book Place shaping written by Michael Sir Lyons and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2007-03-21 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sir Michael Lyons was commissioned to consider the case for changes to the present system of local government funding in England and make recommendations, including on the reform of council tax. The remit was extended to cover questions relating to the function of local government and its future role as well as how it is funded, and also to consider the implications of the Barker (ISBN 0118404857), Eddington (ISBN 0118404873) and Leitch (ISBN 0118404865) reports. His overall conclusions are as follows: (1) local government is an essential part of our system of government; (2) central and local government needs to work more closely together as part of a single system, and local people should have a greater say in setting local priorities to enable authorities to manage pressures on public expenditure and improve satisfaction; (3) a mosaic of reforms is needed in the short term to address the most urgent problems, paving the way for more radical reforms in the medium- and longer-term. Recommendations include: automated council tax benefit; an end to capping; revaluation of properties for council tax; new bands with higher bills for those in more expensive properties and lower bills for those in the cheapest; consider reserving a fixed proportion of income tax for local government; longer term options should include local income tax and relocalisation of the business rate. Sir Michael concludes that council tax is not 'broken', but that it is under too much pressure, is seen as unfair, and has some limitations in that it is not a naturally buoyant source of revenue.

Download or read book OECD Economic Surveys United Kingdom 2005 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2005-11-22 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2005 survey of the United Kingdom's economy examines the key challenges for translating resilient economic performance into faster growth in living standards. In particular, it looks at housing supply, public services and infrastructure ...

Download or read book Cutting Transport CO2 Emissions What Progress written by European Conference of Ministers of Transport and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2007-01-08 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reviews the progress OECD and ECMT countries have made in reducing transport sector CO2 emissions and makes recommendations for the focus of future policies.

Download or read book Urban Regeneration written by Peter Roberts and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2016-04-23 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urban Regeneration is widely discussed but less widely understood. Fully revised with important new policy, case studies and international analysis, the Second Edition of Urban Regeneration will correct that. The 16 chapters, written by leading experts, are organised into four sections: The Context for Urban Regeneration: The history and evolution Major Themes and Topics: Including Housing, Community, Employment and the Environment Key Issues in Managing Urban Regeneration: Including Legal and Organisational considerations Experience Elsewhere and a View of the Future: Expanded section now discussing Australia and the Celtic Fringe as well as Europe and the USA This is the essential handbook for practitioners involved in regeneration, as well as students of planning, urban studies, geography and architecture.

Download or read book Routledge Dictionary of Economics written by Donald Rutherford and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-06-26 with total page 737 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge Dictionary of Economics, now in its third edition, provides the clearest, most authoritative definition of economic and financial terms available. The book is perfect for students and professionals interested in a broad range of disciplines including Business, Economics, Finance, and Accountancy and all additional subjects where a knowledge of these fields of essential. The dictionary has been updated to reflect the economic changes of the new Millennium including the emergence of experimental and behavioural economics, new political economy, the importance of institutions, globalization, environmental economics, financial crises and the economic emergence of China and India. It’s an international dictionary that includes succinctly explained A to Z entries and definitive explanations of the key terms, accompanied by a short bibliography and comprising supplementary online definitions. In a world where the reader is met with a barrage of conflicting and competing information, this book continues to provide a definitive guide to economics.

Download or read book OECD Economic Surveys United Kingdom 2013 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2013-02-06 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: OECD's 2013 Economic Survey of the United Kingdom examines recent economic developments, policy and prospects. In addition, it looks at growth and inequality in the UK.

Download or read book Managing Urban Traffic Congestion written by European Conference of Ministers of Transport and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2007-05-31 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers policy-oriented, research-based recommendations for effectively managing traffic and cutting excess congestion in large urban areas.

Download or read book The Scottish Economy written by Kenneth Gibb and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2017-07-06 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Scottish economy is at the heart of contemporary constitutional and public policy debates. This substantial new edited collection, the first comprehensive and authoritative analysis for more than 60 years, is a timely update on the classic volume of the same name edited by Sir Alec Cairncross in 1954. It is data rich, and offers links to updatable data and leading indicators of the Scottish economy including measures of public finances, distributional evidence and growth. Readers will find a series of easy to follow chapters covering the Scottish economy from every angle – oil and gas, health, education, finance, rural Scotland, inequality, climate change, gender and work, housing, infrastructure and cities. Each sector-based chapter explores the main issues, draws out key empirical facts and considers policy challenges that lie ahead. This book includes: an historical account of the development of the Scottish economy; the trajectory of economic policy in Scotland; reviews of the current fiscal position and the wider economic landscape; and also an intriguing insight into the emerging distinctive approach to Scottish public policy. This book brings together evidence and high quality research by experts on the Scottish economy in a politically neutral, accessible and non-technical way. The volume will assist readers in navigating their way through the many political debates about constitutional and economic futures that are underway in modern Scotland and the UK. A website also exists to accompany The Scottish Economy - www.scottisheconomy.scot. In today's inter-connected world, it makes sense to have a book on the Scottish economy supplemented by online access to important data, information and evidence as a means of keeping material current.

Download or read book Handbook of Accounting in Society written by Hendrik Vollmer and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2024-05-02 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Accounting in Society invites readers to consider the ways in which accounting affects organizations, institutions, communities, professions, and everyday life. Diverse in its reach, this Handbook campaigns for the need to reconsider our understanding of what accounting is and crucially, what it can become.

Download or read book Economic Development and Environmental Protection written by Thomas Michael Power and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-05-20 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text takes issue with the notion that economic well-being of people derives only from quantitatively expanding commercial business activity. It argues that economic qualities flow from the natural and social environment, and that they are public, not private, in character.

Download or read book COVID 19 and Social Determinants of Health written by Adrian Bonner and published by Policy Press. This book was released on 2023-01-20 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Health and socio-economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic have been exacerbated by central government-imposed austerity budgeting by local authorities and the health service. This book, part of the Social Determinants of Health series, extends the ideas developed in the previous volumes by reviewing the impact of COVID-19 on local and national governance from the perspectives of public health, social care and economic development. Drawing on case studies from across the UK and beyond, it explores the pandemic and other ‘wicked’ issues including climate change, homelessness, unemployment and domestic abuse through the lens of relationalism, and proposes necessary system changes.