Download or read book Supercritical Pyrolysis of the Endothermic Fuels Methylcyclohexane Decalin and Tetralin written by John Francis Stewart and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fuels Combustion Research Supercritical Fuel Pyrolysis written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Present and anticipated variation in jet propulsion fuels due to advanced engine compression ratios and airframe cooling requirements necessitate greater understanding of chemical phenomena associated with the feed system and combustion aspects of the airbreathing propulsion systems under consideration by the U.S. Air Force. With AFOSR support an integrated. fundamental research program had been established at Princeton. The focus during the subject period was directed to understanding the pyrolysis and combustion of endothermic fuels under subcritical conditions and the pyrolysis of these fuels under supercritical conditions. Main consideration was given to methylcyclohexane, decalin and tetralin, which are not only endothermic fuels. but alkylcyclohydrocarbons. the naphthene component of JP fuels. The subcritical conditions in the study were 0.1 MPa (1 atm) and temperatures ranging between 900-1200 K. The supercritical conditions were between 4-9 MPa (40-90 atm) and 720-820 K. The Princeton Turbulent Flow Reactor was used for the subcritical studies and a newly designed coiled tubular reactor for the supercritical studies. Substantial experimentation and analytical evaluation revealed distinct differences between the subcritical and supercritical results. From the rate of fuel decay under the conditions described, it was determined that, although the activation energies were of the same order, the supercritical (4.5 MPa) pre-exponential factor A was two orders of magnitude greater than the subcritical (0.1 MPA) one. Further, not only were complete scission products of all these fuels found for both cases, but, interestingly, cyclo-intermediates were found under supercritical conditions as well. As the supercritical pressure was increased, the ratio of cyclo-intermediates to scission products increased. Additional experimentation revealed that these cyclo compounds lead to the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons which are the precursors to particulate formation. c.
Download or read book Combustion written by Irvin Glassman and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2008-10-22 with total page 794 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combustion Engineering, a topic generally taught at the upper undergraduate and graduate level in most mechanical engineering programs, and many chemical engineering programs, is the study of rapid energy and mass transfer usually through the common physical phenomena of flame oxidation. It covers the physics and chemistry of this process and the engineering applications - from the generation of power such as the internal combustion automobile engine to the gas turbine engine. Renewed concerns about energy efficiency and fuel costs, along with continued concerns over toxic and particulate emissions have kept the interest in this vital area of engineering high and brought about new developments in both fundamental knowledge of flame and combustion physics as well as new technologies for flame and fuel control. New chapter on new combustion concepts and technologies, including discussion on nanotechnology as related to combustion, as well as microgravity combustion, microcombustion, and catalytic combustion - all interrelated and discussed by considering scaling issues (e.g., length and time scales) New information on sensitivity analysis of reaction mechanisms and generation and application of reduced mechanisms Expanded coverage of turbulent reactive flows to better illustrate real-world applications Important new sections on stabilization of diffusion flames. For the first time, the concept of triple flames will be introduced and discussed in the context of diffusion flame stabilization
Download or read book Supercritical Fuel Pyrolysis written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fuels used in the next generation of hypersonic aircraft will have to operate under very high pressures (beyond the critical pressures of most hydrocarbons) and will have to sustain very high heat loads in order to meet aircraft cooling requirements. Critical to the development of the fuel systems in these aircraft is an understanding of the fuel pyrolysis reaction mechanisms under the conditions that the fuels will be operating. Of particular interest are the reactions leading to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), which can serve as precursors to fuel-line deposits [3,4], a problem of critical importance to avoid, for safe aircraft operation. In order to better elucidate the mechanisms and kinetics of the reactions of fuel pyrolysis and PAH formation under supercritical conditions, pyrolysis experiments are being conducted, under the present research program, with model fuels at temperatures of 300-600 C, pressures of 20-100 atm, and residence times of 30-1000 sec. The model fuels include the jet fuel components toluene, 1-methylnaphthalene, and mixtures of toluene and n-heptane-as well as the "endothermic" fuel methylcyclohexane. The supercritical pyrolysis experiments are conducted in an isothermal silica-lined stainless-steel coil reactor specially designed [4,5] for such experiments, and PAH reaction products are analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography with diode-array ultraviolet-visible absorbance and mass spectrometric detection (HPLC/UV/MS), an isomer-specific technique ideally suited for the analysis of PAH [6]. It is anticipated that the results from this research will provide information of critical importance to the design and development of fuel systems for high-speed aircraft.
Download or read book American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 848 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Autoignition of Tetralin an Endothermic Fuel written by William James Gerken and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Combustion written by Irvin Glassman and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-12-02 with total page 775 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout its previous four editions, Combustion has made a very complex subject both enjoyable and understandable to its student readers and a pleasure for instructors to teach. With its clearly articulated physical and chemical processes of flame combustion and smooth, logical transitions to engineering applications, this new edition continues that tradition. Greatly expanded end-of-chapter problem sets and new areas of combustion engineering applications make it even easier for students to grasp the significance of combustion to a wide range of engineering practice, from transportation to energy generation to environmental impacts. Combustion engineering is the study of rapid energy and mass transfer usually through the common physical phenomena of flame oxidation. It covers the physics and chemistry of this process and the engineering applications—including power generation in internal combustion automobile engines and gas turbine engines. Renewed concerns about energy efficiency and fuel costs, along with continued concerns over toxic and particulate emissions, make this a crucial area of engineering. New chapter on new combustion concepts and technologies, including discussion on nanotechnology as related to combustion, as well as microgravity combustion, microcombustion, and catalytic combustion—all interrelated and discussed by considering scaling issues (e.g., length and time scales) New information on sensitivity analysis of reaction mechanisms and generation and application of reduced mechanisms Expanded coverage of turbulent reactive flows to better illustrate real-world applications Important new sections on stabilization of diffusion flames—for the first time, the concept of triple flames will be introduced and discussed in the context of diffusion flame stabilization
Download or read book Review and Evaluation of the Air Force Hypersonic Technology Program written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-09-05 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study was undertaken in response to a request by the U.S. Air Force that the National Research Council (NRC) examine whether the technologies that underlie the concept of a hypersonic, air-launched, air-breathing, hydrocarbon-fueled missile with speeds up to Mach 81 can be demonstrated in time to be initially operational by 2015. To conduct the study, the NRC appointed the Committee on Review and Evaluation of the Air Force Hypersonic Technology Program, under the auspices of the Air Force Science and Technology Board.
Download or read book Pyrolysis Theory and Industrial Practice written by Lyle Frederick Albright and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Petroleum Science and Technology written by Chang Samuel Hsu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-07-02 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aimed at students and professionals, this book covers every major aspect of petroleum: the origin of fossil hydrocarbons and their chemical/physical properties; discovering hydrocarbon reserves; recovering oil, gas, and bitumen; purifying gas; the chemical and physical characterization of crude oil; refining crudes into fuels and lubricants; and converting simple chemicals into solvents, polymers, fibers, rubbers, coatings, and myriad other products, including pharmaceuticals. Readers will learn how the industry operates, from "upstream" exploration and production, "midstream" transportation to "downstream" refining, and manufacturing of finished products. The book also contains unique chapters on midstream operations, learnings from major accidents, and safety/environmental laws and regulations. It builds on the authors' previous books and teaching material from a highly rated course that is taught at the Florida A&M University/Florida State University (USA).
Download or read book Chemistry of Fossil Fuels and Biofuels written by Harold Schobert and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-01-17 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discusses the formation, composition, properties and processing of the principal fossil and biofuels, ideal for graduate students and professionals.
Download or read book Petroleum Refining written by James H. Gary and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-03-05 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Petroleum refiners must face billion-dollar investments in equipment in order to meet ever-changing environmental requirements. Because the design and construction of new processing units entail several years’ lead time, refiners are reluctant to commit these dollars for equipment that may no longer meet certain conditions when the units come on stream. Written by experts with both academic and professional experience in refinery operation, design, and evaluation, Petroleum Refining Technology and Economics, Fifth Edition is an essential textbook for students and a vital resource for engineers. This latest edition of a bestselling text provides updated data and addresses changes in refinery feedstock, product distribution, and processing requirements resulting from federal and state legislation. Providing a detailed overview of today’s integrated fuels refinery, the book discusses each major refining process as they relate to topics such as feedstock preparation, operating costs, catalysts, yields, finished product properties, and economics. It also contains end-of-chapter problems and an ongoing case study.
Download or read book Handbook of Poylmer Liquid Interaction Parameters and Solubility Parameters written by AllanF.M. Barton and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-05-02 with total page 772 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now available for the first time, this valuable reference presents polymer solubility parameters and various polymer-liquid interaction parameters in an easy-to-use form. It critically evaluates and comprehensively compiles data from original sources. It presents these quantities polymer-by-polymer, alphabetically by polymer common chemical name, fully cross-referenced by systematic chemical names, alternative names and trade names. This one-of-a-kind handbook summarizes the relationship between the various quantities and their methods of determination. This resource is an absolute must for all who are interested in the chemical industry, specifically polymer chemistry, chemical engineering, applied chemistry, and physical chemistry.
Download or read book Handbook of Industrial Hydrocarbon Processes written by James G. Speight and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2010-12-24 with total page 657 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by an author with over 38 years of experience in the chemical and petrochemical process industry, this handbook will present an analysis of the process steps used to produce industrial hydrocarbons from various raw materials. It is the first book to offer a thorough analysis of external factors effecting production such as: cost, availability and environmental legislation. An A-Z list of raw materials and their properties are presented along with a commentary regarding their cost and availability. Specific processing operations described in the book include: distillation, thermal cracking and coking, catalytic methods, hydroprocesses, thermal and catalytic reforming, isomerization, alkylation processes, polymerization processes, solvent processes, water removal, fractionation and acid gas removal. Flow diagrams and descriptions of more than 250 leading-edge process technologies An analysis of chemical reactions and process steps that are required to produce chemicals from various raw materials Properties, availability and environmental impact of various raw materials used in hydrocarbon processing
Download or read book Handbook of Industrial Chemistry and Biotechnology written by James A. Kent and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-01-13 with total page 1560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Substantially revising and updating the classic reference in the field, this handbook offers a valuable overview and myriad details on current chemical processes, products, and practices. No other source offers as much data on the chemistry, engineering, economics, and infrastructure of the industry. The Handbook serves a spectrum of individuals, from those who are directly involved in the chemical industry to others in related industries and activities. It provides not only the underlying science and technology for important industry sectors, but also broad coverage of critical supporting topics. Industrial processes and products can be much enhanced through observing the tenets and applying the methodologies found in chapters on Green Engineering and Chemistry (specifically, biomass conversion), Practical Catalysis, and Environmental Measurements; as well as expanded treatment of Safety, chemistry plant security, and Emergency Preparedness. Understanding these factors allows them to be part of the total process and helps achieve optimum results in, for example, process development, review, and modification. Important topics in the energy field, namely nuclear, coal, natural gas, and petroleum, are covered in individual chapters. Other new chapters include energy conversion, energy storage, emerging nanoscience and technology. Updated sections include more material on biomass conversion, as well as three chapters covering biotechnology topics, namely, Industrial Biotechnology, Industrial Enzymes, and Industrial Production of Therapeutic Proteins.
Download or read book Electrochemical Power Sources Fundamentals Systems and Applications written by Tom Smolinka and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-10-25 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electrochemical Power Sources: Fundamentals, Systems, and Applications: Hydrogen Production by Water Electrolysis offers a comprehensive overview about different hydrogen production technologies, including their technical features, development stage, recent advances, and technical and economic issues of system integration. Allied processes such as regenerative fuel cells and sea water electrolysis are also covered. For many years hydrogen production by water electrolysis was of minor importance, but research and development in the field has increased significantly in recent years, and a comprehensive overview is missing. This book bridges this gap and provides a general reference to the topic. Hydrogen production by water electrolysis is the main technology to integrate high shares of electricity from renewable energy sources and balance out the supply and demand match in the energy system. Different electrochemical approaches exist to produce hydrogen from RES (Renewable Energy Sources). Covers the fundamentals of hydrogen production by water electrolysis Reviews all relevant technologies comprehensively Outlines important technical and economic issues of system integration Includes commercial examples and demonstrates electrolyzer projects
Download or read book Thermal Oxidation Stability of Aviation Turbine Fuels written by Robert N. Hazlett and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1991 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
