Download or read book Sunk Costs in the Exporting Activity written by Arne Melchior and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Empirical Model of Sunk Costs and the Decision to Export written by Mark J. Roberts and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: March 1995 Exports respond unpredictably to a change in real exchange rates, suggests evidence from the 1980s. Recent theoretical work explains this as a consequence of the sunk costs associated with breaking into foreign markets. Sunk costs include the cost of packaging, upgrading product quality, establishing marketing channels, and accumulating information on demand sources. The authors use micro panel data to estimate a dynamic discrete-choice model of participation in export markets, a model derived from the Krugman-Baldwin sunk-cost hysteresis framework. Applying the model to data on manufacturing plants in Colombia (1981-89), they test for the presence of sunk entry costs and quantify the importance of those costs in explaining export patterns. The econometric results reject the hypothesis that sunk costs are zero. The results, which control for both observed and unobserved sources of plant heterogeneity, indicate that prior export market experience has a substantial effect on the probability of exporting, but its effect depreciates fairly quickly. The reentry costs of plants that have been out of the export market for a year are substantially lower than the costs of a first-time exporter. After a year out of the export market, however, the reentry costs are not significantly different from the entry costs. Plant characteristics are also associated with export behavior: large old plants owned by corporations are more likely to export than other plants. Variations in plant-level cost and demand conditions have much less effect on the profitability of exporting than variations in macroeconomic conditions and sunk costs do. It appears especially difficult to break into foreign markets during periods of world recession.
Download or read book An Empirical Model of Sunk Costs and the Decision to Export written by Mark J. Roberts and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Empirical Model of Sunk Costs and the Decision to Export written by Mark J. Roberts and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exports respond unpredictably to a change in real exchange rates, suggests evidence from the 1980s.Recent theoretical work explains this as a consequence of the sunk costs associated with breaking into foreign markets. Sunk costs include the cost of packaging, upgrading product quality, establishing marketing channels, and accumulating information on demand sources. The authors use micro panel data to estimate a dynamic discrete - choice model of participation in export markets, a model derived from the Krugman-Baldwin sunk - cost hysteresis framework. Applying the model to data on manufacturing plants in Colombia (1981-89), they test for the presence of sunk entry costs and quantify the importance of those costs in explaining export patterns. The econometric results reject the hypothesis that sunk costs are zero. The results, which control for both observed and unobserved sources of plant heterogeneity, indicate that prior export market experience has a substantial effect on the probability of exporting, but its effect depreciates fairly quickly. The reentry costs of plants that have been out of the export market for a year are substantially lower than the costs of a first-time exporter. After a year out of the export market, however, the reentry costs are not significantly different from the entry costs. Plant characteristics are also associated with export behavior: large old plants owned by corporations are more likely to export than other plants. Variations in plant-level cost and demand conditions have much less effect on the profitability of exporting than variations in macroeconomic conditions and sunk costs do. It appears especially difficult to break into foreign markets during periods of world recession.
Download or read book Small and Medium Sized Enterprises U S and EU Export Activities and Barriers and Opportunities Experienced by U S Firms Inv 332 509 written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Export Activity and Productivity written by Jin-tan Liu and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Spatial Economics Volume II written by Stefano Colombo and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-12-18 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Space is a crucial variable in any economic activity. Spatial Economics is the branch of economics that explicitly aims to incorporate the space dimension in the analysis of economic phenomena. From its beginning in the last century, Spatial Economics has contributed to the understanding of the economy by developing plenty of theoretical models as well as econometric techniques having the “space” as a core dimension of the analysis. This edited volume addresses the complex issue of Spatial Economics from an applied point of view. This volume is part of a more complex project including another edited volume (Spatial Economics Volume I: Theory) collecting original papers which address Spatial Economics from a theoretical perspective.
Download or read book How Do Banking Crises Affect Bilateral Exports written by Mr.Youssouf Kiendrebeogo and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2013-06-19 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates whether banking crises are associated with declines in bilateral exports. We first develop a simple open economy model in which banking crises translate into negative liquidity shocks, leading to collapses in exports through supply-side and demand-side shocks. We then estimate a gravity model using a sample of developed and developing countries over the period 1988-2010. The results suggest that crisis-hit countries experience lower levels of bilateral exports, particularly in developing countries where supply-side shocks are found to be relatively more important than demand shocks. In developing countries, exports of manufactured goods are disproportionately hurt by banking crises and this negative effect is stronger in industries relying more on external finance. These findings are robust to correcting for potential endogeneity, to changes in the sample, and to alternative estimation methods.
Download or read book Aid for Trade at a Glance 2015 Reducing Trade Costs for Inclusive Sustainable Growth written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2015-06-30 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Aid for Trade Initiative has allowed for the active engagement of a large number of organisations and agencies in helping developing countries and especially the least developed build the infrastructure and supply-side capacity they need to connect to regional and global markets and improve ...
Download or read book State owned enterprises in Africa and the economics of public service delivery written by Fulufhelo G. Netswera and published by AOSIS. This book was released on 2023-03-01 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book intends to provide a continuous assessment of the crisis in governance in Africa. As it is, there are huge deficits in the capacity of African states to harness vast human and material resources to promote good governance. This manifests in pervasive corruption, collapsed service delivery, collapsed state-owned enterprises, eroded social trust, capital flight, escalating levels of poverty and wars, human insecurity, and stunted growth. The public sector is the pulse of service delivery because the entire governance system revolves around the sourcing of materials and services, mostly from the private sector, in order to achieve its public policy intents. The procurement process, therefore, ordinarily ought to yield positive economic outcomes and an efficiency-driven system in favour of the government itself and its service recipients. However, this more often than not is not the case. Despite its enormous wealth, the African continent is in an economic quagmire, a dilemma that requires multi-facet research activities. This is the motivation for this book.
Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of Post Reform Indian Economy written by Rajesh Raj S. N. and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2021-11-26 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook presents a comprehensive study of the post-reform Indian economy, three decades after the economic liberalization started in the early 1990s. It studies the broad range of changes that were introduced in the reforms era, assessing their impact on sectors like manufacturing, agriculture, banking and finance, among others. It also assesses the performance of these sectors amid globalization and the socio-economic shifts in the country. The volume evaluates the contribution of the reforms to social transformation, social inclusion, sustainability and human development, and deliberates on the gains, blind spots and limitations. With contributions from scholars across the country, case studies and comparative analyses that draw on data analysis, econometric evidence and historical sensibility, this is an authoritative volume on the reforms of the 1990s and their impact on the Indian economy and people. Topical and the first of its kind, the book will be a useful resource for scholars and researchers of economics, development studies, political economy, management studies, public policy and political studies.
Download or read book Handbook on Trade and Development written by Oliver Morrissey and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2015-05-29 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely Handbook comprehensively explores the complex relationships between trade and economic performance in developing countries, illustrating that it is not trade per se that is important but the context, at the firm, country and regional level, in which trade occurs.
Download or read book The Internal Geography of Trade written by Thomas Farole and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2013-04-01 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While national incomes have converged in recent decades, the emergence of entrenched leading and lagging regions within countries is becoming a critical policy challenge. Drawing on empirical studies and case studies, this book assesses the role of trade integration and connectivity in shaping and addressing the challenges of lagging regions.
Download or read book Accelerators of India s Growth Industry Trade and Employment written by Suresh Chand Aggarwal and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-14 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a collection of distinguished contributions that identify current growth accelerators in India, and suggest policies and strategies to make India’s growth more sustainable and inclusive. The papers are divided into three sections, the first of which focuses on issues related to industrial growth in India. The discussions include India’s industrial development (manufacturing, construction and mining); role of manufacturing; global value chains; and of environment in industrial development. In turn, section II deals with issues related to trade and FDI as accelerators of India’s growth. The respective chapters explore the changing patterns of trade, impacts of technology, and spill-over effects of FDI, to name but a few. Lastly, the third section discusses employment-related issues like measurement of labour input, the dichotomy of the Indian labour market, the nature of firms and employment generation, and impacts of technology on employment. Given its scope and focus, the book offers an invaluable resource for researchers and policymakers alike.
Download or read book The Dynamics of Entrepreneurship written by Maria Minniti and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2013-02-14 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learning about entrepreneurship has major implications for the way we understand economic change and progress. At a time when governments all over the world look to entrepreneurship as a way to increase the wealth and well-being of their countries, The Dynamics of Entrepreneurship examines the causes of differences in entrepreneurial propensity between individuals, the factors that explain variations in the type and quantity of entrepreneurship at the aggregate level, and the macroeconomic implications of entrepreneurship. Using Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) data, the book brings together contributions from leading scholars to provide a comprehensive overview of current scholarship on entrepreneurial activity. Discussed topics include entrepreneurial motivation, gender and migration, entrepreneurial financing, urban entrepreneurship, growth-oriented entrepreneurship, economic growth, and regional entrepreneurship policies. The book concludes by summarizing its contribution to existing literature, with particular attention paid to the policy implications and the ongoing debate on entrepreneurship.
Download or read book Exchange Rate Fluctuations and Trade Flows written by Mr.Giovanni Dell'Ariccia and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1998-08-01 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper analyzes the effects of exchange rate volatility on bilateral trade flows. Through use of a gravity model and panel data from western Europe, exchange rate uncertainty is found to have a negative effect on international trade. The results seem to be robust with respect to the particular measures representing exchange rate uncertainty. Particular attention is reserved for problems of simultaneous causality. The negative correlation between trade and bilateral volatility remains significant after controlling for the simultaneity bias. However, a Hausman test rejects the hypothesis of the absence of simultaneous causality.
Download or read book Learning from Exporting written by Robert Salomon and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Questioning whether firms actually learn from exporting experiences, this unique study will prove a fascinating read for academics, researchers, and government and economic policy makers with an interest in business and management, international business, and of course, exporting.
