Download or read book Sulfur Polymer Cement a Final Waste Form for Radioactive and Hazardous Wastes written by GR. Darnell and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because of its unusual properties, sulfur polymer cement (SPC) is a promising solidification and stabilization agent for radioactive and hazardous wastes. SPC accepts no water and requires no activation agents. It always melts at 115°C and pours at 135°C; therefore, economical remediation is offered through remelt and addition of additives or more SPC to meet specifications. Compressive strength upon cooling is approximately 27.6 MPa (4 000 psi). SPC has survived for years in acids and salts that destroy or severely damage hydraulic concretes in months or even weeks. In tests with 5 wt% loading of pure toxic metal oxides in powder form, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure shows the maximum leachate concentration of mercury, lead, silver, arsenic, barium, and chromium to be less than their established threshold limits. Tests to determine SPC's expected longevity are being conducted and are encouraging.
Download or read book Sulfur Polymer Cement a Solidification and Stabilization Agent for Hazardous and Radioactive Wastes written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydraulic cements have been the primary radioactive waste stabilization agents in the United States for 50 years. Twelve years ago, Brookhaven National Laboratory was funded by the Department of Energy's Defense Low-Level Waste Management Program to test and develop sulfur polymer cement (SPC). It has stabilized routine wastes as well as some troublesome wastes with high waste-to-agent ratios. The Department of Energy's Hazardous Waste Remedial Action Program joined the effort by providing funding for testing and developing sulfur polymer cement as a hazardous-waste stabilization agent. Sulfur polymer cement has passed all the laboratory scale tests required by the US Environmental Protection Agency and US Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Two decades of tests by the US Bureau of Mines and private concrete contractors indicate this agent is likely to exceed other agents in longevity. This bulletin provides technical data from pertinent tests conducted by these various entities.
Download or read book Stabilization and solidification of hazardous radioactive and mixed wastes written by T. Michael Gilliam and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1996 with total page 748 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sulfur Polymer Cement a New Stabilization Agent for Mixed and Low Level Radioactive Waste written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solidification and stabilization agents for radioactive, hazardous, and mixed wastes are failing to pass governmental tests at alarming rates. The Department of Energy's National Low-Level Waste Management Program funded testing of Sulfur Polymer Cement (SPC) by Brookhaven National Laboratory during the 1980s. Those tests and tests by the US Bureau of Mines (the original developer of SPC), universities, states, and the concrete industry have shown SPC to be superior to hydraulic cements in most cases. Superior in what wastes can be successfully combined and in the quantity of waste that can be combined and still pass the tests established by the US Environmental Protection Agency and the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
Download or read book Evaluation of Sulfur Polymer Cement as a Waste Form for the Immobilization of Low level Radioactive Or Mixed Waste written by C. H. Mattus and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stabilization and Solidification of Hazardous Radioactive and Mixed Wastes written by Roger D. Spence and published by Springer Science & Business. This book was released on 2005 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing a wealth of information, this in-depth volume covers waste characterization, transport and testing methods as well as including case studies, demonstrations, guidelines and an examination of regulatory considerations.
Download or read book Stabilization and Solidification of Hazardous Radioactive and Mixed Wastes written by Roger D. Spence and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-12-28 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of stabilization and solidification techniques in the field of waste treatment reflects the efforts to better protect human health and the environment with modern advances in materials and technology. Stabilization and Solidification of Hazardous, Radioactive, and Mixed Wastes provides comprehensive information including case studie
Download or read book Stabilization and Solidification of Hazardous Radioactive and Mixed Wastes written by T. Michael Gilliam and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1996 with total page 732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Full scale Tests of Sulfur Polymer Cement and Non radioactive Waste in Heated and Unheated Prototypical Containers written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sulfur polymer cement has been demonstrated to be superior to portland cement in the stabilization of numerous troublesome low- level radioactive wastes, notably mixed waste fly ash, which contains heavy metals. EG G Idaho, Inc. conducted full-scale, waste-stabilization tests with a mixture of sulfur polymer cement and nonradioactive incinerator ash poured over simulated steel and ash wastes. The container used to contain the simulated waste for the pour was a thin-walled, rectangular, steel container with no appendages. The variable in the tests was that one container and its contents were at 65°F (18°C) at the beginning of the pour, while the other was preheated to 275°F (135°C) and was insulated before the pour. The primary goal was to determine the procedures and equipment deemed operationally acceptable and capable of providing the best probability of passing the only remaining governmental test for sulfur polymer cement, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's full-scale test. The secondary goal was to analyze the ability of the molten cement and ash mixture to fill different size pipes and thus eliminate voids in the resultant 24 ft3 monolith.
Download or read book Hazardous and Radioactive Waste Treatment Technologies Handbook written by Chang H. Oh and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-06-27 with total page 790 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With detailed photos and schematic system diagrams, the Hazardous and Radioactive Waste Treatment Technologies Handbook provides the latest information on current technologies in the market. Intended as a reference for scientists, engineers, and engineering students, it covers waste-related thermal and non-thermal technologies, separation techniques, and stabilization technologies. It provides an overview of recent waste technologies, for both hazardous chemical wastes and radioactive wastes. By implementing the techniques presented in this book, readers will be able to decide which appropriate technology to use and how to design the equipment for their particular needs.
Download or read book Comparison of Modified Sulfur Cement and Hydraulic Cement for Encapsulation of Radioactive and Mixed Wastes written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The majority of solidification/stabilization systems for low-level radioactive waste (LLW) and mixed waste, both in the commercial sector and at Department of Energy (DOE) facilities, utilize hydraulic cement (such as portland cement) to encapsulate waste materials and yield a monolithic solid waste form for disposal. A new and innovative process utilizing modified sulfur cement developed by the US Bureau of Mines has been applied at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) for the encapsulation of many of these problem'' wastes. Modified sulfur cement is a thermoplastic material, and as such, it can be heated above it's melting point (120°C), combined with dry waste products to form a homogeneous mixture, and cooled to form a monolithic solid product. Under sponsorship of the DOE, research and development efforts at BNL have successfully applied the modified sulfur cement process for treatment of a range of LLWs including sodium sulfate salts, boric acid salts, and incinerator bottom ash and for mixed waste contaminated incinerator fly ash. Process development studies were conducted to determine optimal waste loadings for each waste type. Property evaluation studies were conducted to test waste form behavior under disposal conditions by applying relevant performance testing criteria established by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (for LLW) and the Environmental Protection Agency (for hazardous wastes). Based on both processing and performance considerations, significantly greater waste loadings were achieved using modified sulfur cement when compared with hydraulic cement. Technology demonstration of the modified sulfur cement encapsulation system using production-scale equipment is scheduled for FY 1991. 12 refs., 8 figs., 3 tabs.
Download or read book ASTM Special Technical Publication written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 752 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Emerging Technologies in Hazardous Waste Management 8 written by D. William Tedder and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2000-05-31 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several long-term trends in technology evolution have become apparent since these symposia began in 1989. Earlier presenters more frequently discussed treatment methods involving harsh and extensive human intervention. As the symposia have continued, the number of presentations describing extremely harsh and expensive treatment technologies have gradually been supplanted by more subtle and gentler methods. Such methods include subsurface-engineered barriers, phytoremediation, and bioremediation. Nineteen manuscripts were selected for inclusion in this volume, based upon peer review, scientific merit, the editors' perceptions of lasting value or innovative features, and the general applicability of either the technology itself or the scientific methods and scholarly details provided by the authors. General topics include: soil treatment, groundwater treatment, and radioactive waste treatment.
Download or read book Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Gas Processing Symposium written by Farid Benyahia and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-06-29 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Gas Processing: Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Gas Processing Symposium 11-1 4 January, 2010, Doha, Qatar, reviews the state of knowledge in gas processing. The contributions are organized around five main themes: (i) environmental sustainability; (ii) natural gas processing technologies; (iii) energy efficiency in operations; (iv) design and safety; and (v) operational excellence. The papers on environmental sustainability cover topics such as the biogasification of waste monoethanolamine; the role of LNG in a carbon constrained world; and sustainable water management. The papers on natural gas processing technologies include the removal of acid gases from natural gas streams via membrane technology and selective control of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis hydrocarbons product distribution. The papers on energy efficiency in operations cover lifted turbulent jet flame in a cross-flow; novel hybrid biomass and coal processes; and the adoption of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). The papers on design and safety include studies on the optimal design and operation of a GTL process and efficient design, operating, and control strategies for LNG plants. The papers on operational excellence deal with topics such as chemicals in gas processing; the monitoring and optimization of hydrocarbon separation equipment; and the inhibition of gas hydrate formation. * Provides a state-of-the-art review of gas processing technologies * Covers design, operating tools, and methodologies * Includes case studies and practical applications
Download or read book Emerging Technologies in Hazardous Waste Management IV written by Daniel William Tedder and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 18 papers were selected from over 200 presented at the symposium (Atlanta, Georgia, September 1992) to reflect the most important or promising directions in hazardous waste management, and to avoid duplicating information in earlier volumes of the series. Among the remedial technologies described for soils and sediments are electrokinetic and the mobilization of specific ions. Other methods include the crystallization of mechanical pulp mill effluents and the removal of gasoline vapors from air streams by biofiltration. Radioactive and mixed waste are considered in studies of the Hanford waste site in Washington and reports of laboratory-scale studies. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book Cementitious Materials for Nuclear Waste Immobilization written by Rehab O. Abdel Rahman and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-11-17 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cementitious materials are an essential part in any radioactive waste disposal facility. Conditioning processes such as cementation are used to convert waste into a stable solid form that is insoluble and will prevent dispersion to the surrounding environment. It is incredibly important to understand the long-term behavior of these materials. This book summarises approaches and current practices in use of cementitious materials for nuclear waste immobilisation. It gives a unique description of the most important aspects of cements as nuclear waste forms: starting with a description of wastes, analyzing the cementitious systems used for immobilization and describing the technologies used, and ending with analysis of cementitious waste forms and their long term behavior in an envisaged disposal environment. Extensive research has been devoted to study the feasibility of using cement or cement based materials in immobilizing and solidifying different radioactive wastes. However, these research results are scattered. This work provides the reader with both the science and technology of the immobilization process, and the cementitious materials used to immobilize nuclear waste. It summarizes current knowledge in the field, and highlights important areas that need more investigation. The chapters include: Introduction, Portland cement, Alternative cements, Cement characterization and testing, Radioactive waste cementation, Waste cementation technology, Cementitious wasteform durability and performance assessment.
Download or read book Modified sulfur cement solidification of low level wastes written by Brookhaven National Laboratory and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This topical report describes the results of an investigation on the solidification of low-level radioactive wastes in modified sulfur cement. The work was performed as part of the Waste Form Evaluation Program, sponsored by the US Department of Energy's Low-Level Waste Management Program. Modified sulfur cement is a thermoplastic material developed by the US Bureau of Mines. Processing of waste and binder was accomplished by means of both a single-screw extruder and a dual-action mixing vessel. Waste types selected for this study included those resulting from advanced volume reduction technologies (dry evaporator concentrate salts and incinerator ash) and those which remain problematic for solidification using contemporary agents (ion exchange resins). Process development studies were conducted to ascertain optimal process control parameters for successful solidification. Maximum waste loadings were determined for each waste type and method of processing. Property evaluation testing was carried out on laboratory scale specimens in order to compare with waste form performance for other potential matrix materials. Waste form property testing included compressive strength, water immersion, thermal cycling and radionuclide leachability. Recommended waste loadings of 40 wt. % sodium sulfate and boric acid salts and 43 wt. % incinerator ash, which are based on processing and performance considerations, are reported. Solidification efficiencies for these waste types represent significant improvements over those of hydraulic cements. Due to poor waste form performance, incorporation of ion exchange resin waste in modified sulfur cement is not recommended.
