Download or read book Sulfur based Reactive Species in Chemistry and Biology written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reactive Sulfur Species in Biology and Medicine written by John P Toscano and published by Mdpi AG. This book was released on 2023-10-24 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a naturally occurring signaling molecule produced in vivo and plays a pivotal role in regulating a wide array of physiological processes. Additionally, emerging findings have illuminated that many of the biological effects initially attributed to H2S may actually stem from other reactive sulfur species (RSS), including hydropersulfides (RSSH) and various higher-order polysulfur species (RSSnH, RSSnR, and HSnH, where n > 1). These studies have underscored the contributions of these species to essential cellular processes, such as the efficient scavenging of reactive oxygen species and electrophiles, and their influence on mitochondrial function. Nonetheless, the chemistry of RSS remains challenging due to their inherently reactive nature, and their precise measurement within biological systems continues to pose a formidable challenge. This compilation of reprints focuses on recent advancements in the field of H2S/RSS chemical biology. It encompasses original research studies and comprehensive reviews, all geared towards exploring the therapeutic potential of H2S/RSS donors in the treatment of various conditions, including cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, it delves into the molecular mechanisms and physiological roles played by RSS along with the development of methodologies for quantifying and measuring the distribution of RSS within biological systems.
Download or read book Sulfur Centered Reactive Intermediates in Chemistry and Biology written by C. Chatgilialoglu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-08 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A wonderfully successful NATO Advanced Study Institute on "Sulfur-Centered Reactive Intermediates in Chemistry and Biology" was held 18-30 June, 1989, at the Hotel Villa del Mare in Maratea, Italy. Despite the beautiful setting with mountains behind us and over looking the clear blue Mediterranean Sea under a cloudless sky (and with a private beach available), the lectures were extremely well attended. While some credit can go to the seriousness of the students, more must go to the calibre of speakers and the high quality of C. Chatgilialoglu, and Co-Director, Professor K. -D. their presentations. The Director, Dr. Asmus, are to be congratulated for putting together such an outstanding scientific program. Dr. Chatgilialoglu is also to be commended for arranging an equally stimulating social pro gram which included bus, train and boat trips to many local sites of interest. It was particularly fitting that a meeting on the chemistry and biochemistry of sulfur should be held in Italy since Italian chemists have made major contributions to our under standing of the organic chemistry of sulfur, including the chemistry of its reactive inter mediates. The early Italian interest in sulfur chemistry arose from the fact that Italy, or more specifically, Sicily, was a major world producer of sulfur prior to the development and exploitation of the Frasch process in Texas and Louisiana.
Download or read book Insights Into the Chemical Biology of Reactive Sulfur Species Provided by New Investigative Tools written by Santiago I. Suarez and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two decades of research on the signaling capacity of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in biological systems has led to parallel investigations of other reactive sulfur species (RSS) such as persulfides (RSSH) and polysulfides (RSS[subscript n]R, n>1). The purpose of this dissertation was to develop and assess new investigative tools that selectively detect or effectively deliver RSS under biologically relevant conditions. These chemical tools are of significant interest to the redox and molecular signaling communities and can be used to further define the prevalence, signaling capacity, and therapeutic effects of RSS, representing a significant advancement within the field. In chapter II, we describe the design, synthesis, and examination of an innovative, reaction-based fluorescent probe that exploits the double nucleophilic character of H2S by undergoing an intramolecular cyclization to release a fluorescent reporter. Specifically, we employed a highly unique selenosulfide moiety as a trigger for H2S detection. Given the distinct chemical differences between selenium and sulfur, we reasoned that the selenium half would provide access to chemical probes with high reactivity towards and selectively for H2S. Meanwhile, a suitable handle for improving the physicochemical properties of the probe, including its water solubility, cell permeability, and tissue specificity, could be supplied by the sulfide half. Using this novel design strategy, we successfully produced and assessed two H2S-selective probes: AL1, which displayed good water solubility, cell permeability, and overall biocompatibility, and AL2, which displayed cancer cell specificity. Concomitant to detection, chapter III discusses the synthesis and application of a self-reporting donor (ZL47), sensitive to reactive oxygen species (ROS). To accomplish this, we appended an aryl boronate ester to 7-hydroxycoumarin via an S-alkyl thiocarbonate linker allowing for the simultaneous release of COS, an H2S precursor, and a fluorescent reporter in response to hydrogen peroxide. In addition, we determined that ZL47 was a useful bifunctional tool with an ability to both image and alleviate oxidative stress in live cells, highlighting its potential as a theranostic. Chapter IV describes a novel ROS-activated persulfide donor (RAH393) that operates through a unique mechanistic pathway that avoids the production of a 1,4-quinone methide as a toxic byproduct, a major setback for ZL47 and related donors that employ a 1,6-elimination. In addition to confirming that its lactone byproduct was nontoxic, we were able to demonstrate the impressive cellular protection provided by RAH393 against high concentrations of ROS in live HeLa cells. Because this donor proved to be a valuable tool for generating persulfides in response to ROS, in chapter V, we investigated the therapeutic effects of an analogue that targets mitochondria (Mito-PD), the primary producers of ROS and a known site of RSS oxidation. To accomplish this, the mixed disulfide of RAH393 was modified and equipped with a lipophilic cation to facilitate mitochondrion uptake. Using confocal laser microscopy, we confirmed Mito-PD’s preferential release of persulfides within mitochondria from co-localization studies using AL1 (an H2S-selctive probe) and Mitotracker Red. In addition, we demonstrated that Mito-PD protects cardiomyoblast cells in culture (H9C2) from doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity. Subsequent studies with JC-1, a fluorescent probe that reports on mitochondrial membrane potential, indicate that Mito-PD effectively preserves the membrane potential of DOX treated cells, increasing their viability. These initial studies highlight the therapeutic benefits of mitochondria-targeting RSS donors and their potential for mitigating DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
Download or read book Biological Interactions Of Sulfur Compounds written by Stephen C. Mitchell and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-09-02 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text focuses on the biological interactions of sulphur compounds which arise specifically from the presence of the sulphur atom within the molecule. The book opens with introductory chapters on the chemistry and biology of sulphur, before tackling the field by introducing compounds which share a common chemical combination. In general, following a description of the uses and impact upon the biological field, specific chemical group characteristics are discussed together with the biological activity and structure-activity relationships where known. The toxicity of such compounds, their consequences in biochemical and clinical terms, and their mechanisms of biological interaction are then addressed.
Download or read book Maternal Fetal and Neonatal Endocrinology written by Christopher S. Kovacs and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-10-12 with total page 1038 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Endocrinology: Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management systematically examines the normal and abnormal endocrinology of the pregnant and lactating female and of the fetus and neonate. This reference volume expands coverage of specific disorders and diseases beyond the current endocrinology content on the market, which in most cases has a paragraph or no mention at all about pregnancy or aspects of fetal/neonatal development. Formalized source of maternal/fetal endocrine physiology and pathophysiology Key reference for fellows and residents for rarer endocrine pathologies Integrated presentation of new molecular and genetic causes of endocrine disorders Bridges the experience/knowledge gap of endocrinopathies rarely encountered in pregnancy
Download or read book Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Technologies for Improved Environmental Performance written by Richard Folkson and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2022-07-27 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Technologies for Improved Environmental Performance: Towards Zero Carbon Transportation, Second Edition provides a comprehensive view of key developments in advanced fuels and vehicle technologies to improve the energy efficiency and environmental impact of the automotive sector. Sections consider the role of alternative fuels such as electricity, alcohol and hydrogen fuel cells, as well as advanced additives and oils in environmentally sustainable transport. Other topics explored include methods of revising engine and vehicle design to improve environmental performance and fuel economy and developments in electric and hybrid vehicle technologies. This reference will provide professionals, engineers and researchers of alternative fuels with an understanding of the latest clean technologies which will help them to advance the field. Those working in environmental and mechanical engineering will benefit from the detailed analysis of the technologies covered, as will fuel suppliers and energy producers seeking to improve the efficiency, sustainability and accessibility of their work. - Provides a fully updated reference with significant technological advances and developments in the sector - Presents analyses on the latest advances in electronic systems for emissions control, autonomous systems, artificial intelligence and legislative requirements - Includes a strong focus on updated climate change predictions and consequences, helping the reader work towards ambitious 2050 climate change goals for the automotive industry
Download or read book Precursors of Biologically Relevant Reactive Sulfur Species and Their Applications written by Shi Xu and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reactive sulfur species (RSS) are a group of sulfur containing molecules playing important regulatory roles in the biological system. Representative RSS include thiols (RSH), hydrogen sulfides (H2S), persulfides (RSSH), hydrogen polysulfides (H2Sn, n>1), polysulfides (RSSnSR, n>1) and S-modified protein cysteine adducts such as S-nitrosothiols (RSNO) and sulfenic acids (RSOH). Many RSS are highly reactive and transient molecules, making their studies difficult. RSS donors or precursors, which are used to specifically produce or deliver RSS, are useful research tools, as well as possible therapeutic agents. To this end, I have developed novel precursors to controllably release RSS. I have studied Ammonium Tetrathiomolybdate as an H2S donor and found it showed H2S-related bioactivities; I have developed 9-fluorenyl disulfides as persulfide precursors for the synthesis of unsymmetrical trisulfides; I have discovered diacyl disulfides can generate H2S2 under amine activation and studied the redox chemistry of H2S2 generated by this method; finally, I have helped the development of O3̐ S relay deprotection as a general strategy for designing RSS donors. These precursors serve as important chemical tools for studying chemistry of RSS and exploring their therapeutic potentials.
Download or read book Oxidoreductases Acting on Sulfur Group Donors Advances in Research and Application 2012 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-12-26 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oxidoreductases Acting on Sulfur Group Donors—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition is a ScholarlyBrief™ that delivers timely, authoritative, comprehensive, and specialized information about Oxidoreductases Acting on Sulfur Group in a concise format. The editors have built Oxidoreductases Acting on Sulfur Group Donors—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Oxidoreductases Acting on Sulfur Group in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Oxidoreductases Acting on Sulfur Group Donors—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Download or read book Sulfur Metabolism in Phototrophic Organisms written by Rüdiger Hell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-03-19 with total page 539 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sulfur is one of the most versatile elements in life. This book provides, for the first time, in-depth and integrated coverage of the functions of sulfur in phototrophic organisms including bacteria, plants and algae. It bridges gaps between biochemistry and cellular biology of sulfur in these organisms, and of biology and environments dominated by them. The book therefore provides a comprehensive overview of plant sulfur relations from genome to environment.
Download or read book Basic Principles and Clinical Significance of Oxidative Stress written by Sivakumar Joghi Thatha Gowder and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2015-11-11 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is a natural phenomenon for all living organisms in the world to undergo different kinds of stress during their life span. Stress has become a common problem for human beings in this materialistic world. In this period, a publication of any material on stress will be helpful for the human society. The book Basic Principles and Clinical Significance of Oxidative Stress targets all aspects of oxidative stress, including principles, mechanisms, and clinical significance. This book covers four sections: Free Radicals and Oxidative Stress, Natural Compounds as Antioxidants, Antioxidants - Health and Disease, and Oxidative Stress and Therapy. Each of these sections is interwoven with the theoretical aspects and experimental techniques of basic and clinical sciences. This book will be a significant source to scientists, physicians, healthcare professionals, and students who are interested in exploring the effect of stress on human life.
Download or read book Redox Biochemistry written by Ruma Banerjee and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-12-04 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the premier, single-source reference on redox biochemistry, a rapidly emerging field. This reference presents the basic principles and includes detailed chapters focusing on various aspects of five primary areas of redox biochemistry: antioxidant molecules and redox cofactors; antioxidant enzymes; redox regulation of physiological processes; pathological processes related to redox; and specialized methods. This is a go-to resource for professionals in pharmaceuticals, medicine, immunology, nutrition, and environmental fields and an excellent text for upper-level students.
Download or read book Chemical Tools for Imaging Manipulating and Tracking Biological Systems Diverse Methods for Optical Imaging and Conjugation written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-05-29 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical Tools for Imaging, Manipulating, and Tracking Biological Systems: Diverse Methods for Optical Imaging and Conjugation, Volume 639, the latest release in the Methods in Enzymology series, continues the legacy of this premier serial with quality chapters authored by leaders in the field. Chapters in this new release include Fluorogenic detection of protein aggregates in live cells using the AggTag method, Synthesis and Application of Ratiometric Probes for Hydrogen Peroxide Detection, Chemical Tools for Multicolor Protein FRET with Tryptophan, Fluorescing Isofunctional Ribonucleosides for Adenosine Deaminase Activity and Inhibition, Temporal profiling establishes a dynamic S-palmitoylation cycle, Solvation-guided design of fluorescent probes for discrimination of amyloids, and much more. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in the Methods in Enzymology series Includes the latest information on retinoid signaling pathways
Download or read book Veterans at Risk written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1993-02-01 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently, World War II veterans have come forward to claim compensation for health effects they say were caused by their participation in chemical warfare experiments. In response, the Veterans Administration asked the Institute of Medicine to study the issue. Based on a literature review and personal testimony from more than 250 affected veterans, this new volume discusses in detail the development and chemistry of mustard agents and Lewisite followed by interesting and informative discussions about these substances and their possible connection to a range of health problems, from cancer to reproductive disorders. The volume also offers an often chilling historical examination of the use of volunteers in chemical warfare experiments by the U.S. militaryâ€"what the then-young soldiers were told prior to the experiments, how they were "encouraged" to remain in the program, and how they were treated afterward. This comprehensive and controversial book will be of importance to policymakers and legislators, military and civilian planners, officials at the Department of Veterans Affairs, military historians, and researchers.
Download or read book The Application of Benzothiazoles in the Development of Chemical Tools for Reactive Sulfur Species written by Jacob J. Day and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reactive sulfur species (RSS) are important to redox signaling and oxidative stress related to human health and disease states. These species include hydrogen sulfide (H2S), hydrogen polysulfides (HSSnH), and sulfur dioxide (SO2). Additonally, there are related oxidative post translational modifications (ox-PTMs) such as persulfides (RSSH) and disulfides (RSSR) as well as higher oxidation states of sulfur such as sulfenic (RSOH), sulfinic (RSO2H), and sulfonic (RSO3H) acids. RSS related ox-PTMs are very important to maintain redox homeostasis, but are difficult to study due to their level of reactivity and instability. As such, it is vital to provide tools to better understand the fundamental chemistry and chemical biology of RSS and how they effects mammalian physiology. This dissertation will describe the role benzothiazole based molecules have played in providing tools to address these critical issues. First, the role of benzothiazole 2-sulfinate (BTS) as a slow releasing SO2 donor will be demonstrated. Second, how BTS can act as a sulfinic acid transfer reagents as a useful reagent in organic synthesis. Finally, how benzothiazole's unique reactivity produced the first protocol to selectively sulfinylate cysteine proteins as a generic method to study the ox-PTM's effect on protein function.
Download or read book Biologically Relevant Chemistry of Sulfur Heterocycles written by Santhosh Sivaramakrishnan and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is an important member of protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPs) family that shares a conserved catalytic cysteine thiol residue. PTP1B acts as a negative regulator of insulin mediated signaling cascade, as inhibition of PTP1B is shown to increase the insulin sensitivity. A key feature of signal transduction pathway involves transient inactivation of PTP1B by an insulin stimulated burst of hydrogen peroxide. The catalytic cysteine thiol of PTP1B undergoes oxidation in presence of hydrogen peroxide to generate an inactive sulfenic acid, which is reactivated by the action of cellular thiols and reducing enzymes. However, recent evidences suggest an unique chemical transformation to generate sulfenyl amide (3-isothiazolidinone) from sulfenic acid at the active site of PTP1B. The mechanism for the formation of this novel sulfenyl amide is not clear. We employed 1,2-benzisothiazolidinone as chemical model to mimic the important functional groups present at the active site of enzyme and examined the chemical mechanism leading to the formation of sulfenyl amide. Our results supported a direct intramolecular attack of neighboring amide nitrogen onto the sulfenic acid to generate sulfenyl amide. Generation of the novel sulfenyl amide heterocycle is believed to protect the enzyme against irreversible over-oxidation to sulfinic and sulfonic acids. However, as the claims lacked a strong experimental support, we used our chemical models to estimate the rate constant for the hydrogen peroxide-mediated over-oxidation of sulfenyl amide. Our results suggested that sulfenyl amide does in fact resist irreversible over-oxidation compared to a sulfenic acid surrogate. Furthermore, we developed a method to generate sulfenyl amide during the hydrogen peroxide-mediated oxidation of PTP1B in aqueous buffer solution. In addition, we determined the rate constant for the formation and over-oxidation of sulfenyl amide at the active site of PTP1B. We also utilized our model compounds to examine the chemical properties of "overoxidized" intermediates. Our results suggested that over-oxidation of sulfenyl amide will generate a thiol reversible but hydrolytically labile sulfinyl amide. We extended our knowledge gained from the model studies and investigated the formation of sulfinyl amide during oxidative inactivation of PTP1B. Consistent with our expectations, we were successful in identifying a thiol reversible but hydrolytically labile intermediate at the active site of PTP1B. Furthermore, we determined the rate constant for the hydrolysis of sulfinyl amide formed in PTP1B. Overall, our findings provided first evidence for the formation of this novel thiol-reversible sulfinyl amide heterocycle during the redox regulation of PTP1B. In addition, our results suggest that formation of sulfinyl amide may protect the enzyme against irreversible over-oxidation. In a different context, we examined possible chemical mechanisms underlying the biological activity of natural product S-deoxy leinamycin. We synthesized a crucial triggering unit 1,2-dithiolan 3-one moiety of the natural product and investigated the generation of reactive oxygen species using DNA cleavage assays. Our results suggested that the reaction of 1,2- dithiolan 3-one heterocycle found in S-deoxy leinamycin with thiols leads to the generation of persulfide intermediate (RSS- ). The persulfide intermediate then generates biologically active polysulfides, hydrogen sulfide and reactive oxygen species that may ultimately explain the biological activity of S-deoxy leinamycin.
Download or read book Nitrosation Reactions and the Chemistry of Nitric Oxide written by D.L.H. Williams and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-12-16 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 1988, there has been much literature published on the chemistry of nitric oxide, particularly in the field of S-nitrosation and the chemistry of S-nitroso compounds. Written by a chemist for the chemistry community, this book provides an update of the chemistry of nitrosation reactions, dealing with both the synthetic and mechanistic aspects of these reactions. It also looks at the chemistry of nitric oxide in relation to the amazing biological properties of this simple diatomic molecule, which were unknown until around 1990.* Provides an update on previously published literature on nitric oxide chemistry* Contains chapters on reagents for nitrosation, nitrosation at nitrogen, aliphatic and aromatic carbon, oxygen, sulfur and metal centres* Looks at hot research topics such as synthesis, properties and reactions of s-nitrosothiols
