Download or read book Sulfate Resistance of Blended Cements written by Kevser Duru Gölalmis and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2010-06 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Among the various mechanisms affecting the durability of concrete, external sulfate attack was first identified in the early 1900s, and led to the discovery of sulfate resistant Portland cement (SRPC). Besides SRPC, another way of coping with the problem of sulfate attack is the use of supplementary cementitious materials either as an admixture to concrete or in the form of blended cements. This book presents an investigation on the sulfate resistance of blended cements containing different amounts of natural pozzolan and/or low-lime fly ash compared to ordinary Portland cement and sulfate resistant Portland cement. The effect of permeability as controlled by w/c on the sulfate resistance is also investigated. In addition, this book includes a thorough review of the literature for mechanism, types of sulfate attack (internal, external, physical, chemical), and factors affecting the sulfate attack.
Download or read book Sulfate Resistance of Concrete Using Blended Cements Or Supplementary Cementitious Materials written by Javed I. Bhatty and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report briefly discusses the mechanism of sulfate attack and the role of selected supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in reducing this attack in concrete. The relationship between sulfate resistance and the chemical, physical, and mineralogical composition of SCMs has been elucidated. Based on a number of bench scale studies several models predicting sulfate resistance in fly ash-containing concretes have been cited and discussed. These include the derivations of 1) R factor related to active lime/iron oxide ratio, whereby low R factor values (3.0) favor sulfate resistance, 2) calcium aluminate potential factor (CAP) based on (lime + alumina + iron)/silica ratio and its direct relationship with calculated sulfate equivalent (CSE) to predict sulfate resistance, and 3) oxide durability factor (ODF) as a function of (lime · free lime)/(silica + alumina + iron) ratio, wherein a decrease in ODF corresponds to an increase in sulfate resistance. Although low C3A cement (Type V) is preferred in producing sulfate resistant concrete, replacing cement with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) in large amounts ( 50%) has shown good sulfate resistance even with medium C3A cements. Similarly, the use of 7% silica fume with Type I cement also exhibited improved sulfate resistance compared with plain Type I cement. The report also discusses sulfate resistance of concrete that contained SCMs interground and optimized at the cement plant as compared to mixed at the concrete batch plant. From the very limited data available on the subject, use of interground SCMs with clinker has shown improved sulfate resistance for concrete, primarily attributed to finer and better particle size distribution that enhances the reactivity and reduces the permeability in concrete. The report also cites that the optimization of sulfate should be based on 3-day strength instead of 1-day strength as referred to by ASTM C 563. This may require a higher sulfate addition that can potentially improve sulfate resistance, as the porosity of the system would markedly reduce.
Download or read book Sulfate Resistance of Mortars Made Using Portland Cement and Blends of Portland Cement and Pozzolan Or Slag written by G. Sam Wong and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mortar bars were made from 23 Type I, 9 Type II, 2 Type V, 15 Type IP, 5 Type IS, and blends of Type I with slag and with various pozzolans including one silica fume. The bars were stored in a 5-percent sodium sulfate solution and monitored for changes in length and in resonant frequency. The length changes of the bars indicated tht silica fume and a natural pozzolan showed impressive improvement of the blends over the use of a nonsulfate-resistant cement by itself, while blends made using slag, and other pozzolans in the amounts studied, in some cases showed only slightly improved resistance and in other cases no improvements. Keywords: Blended cements, Fundamental frequency, Length change, Mortar bar, Portland pozzolan, Sulfate resistance. (jes).
Download or read book Tests and Evaluation of Portland and Blended Cements for Resistance to Sulfate Attack written by K. Mather and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper describes briefly foui types of sulfate attack on hy- drated cement. It summarizes the history of the activities of ASTM Committee C-l on Cement in investigation of tests for sulfate resistance of hydraulic ce- ments, and it looks forward to the production of a satisfactory test for the sulfate resistance of blended cements.
Download or read book Blended Cements written by Geoffrey Frohnsdorff and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1986 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Field and Laboratory Studies of the Sulfate Resistance of Concrete written by Bryant Mather and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Methods of Testing Portland and Blended Cements Method 14 written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Standard sets out the method for the determination of length change of mortar bars of defined composition immersed in a sodium sulfate solution. The length change is taken as a measure of the sulfate resistance of portland and blended cement.
Download or read book Lea s Chemistry of Cement and Concrete written by Peter Hewlett and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-11-12 with total page 1087 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lea's Chemistry of Cement and Concrete deals with the chemical and physical properties of cements and concretes and their relation to the practical problems that arise in manufacture and use. As such it is addressed not only to the chemist and those concerned with the science and technology of silicate materials, but also to those interested in the use of concrete in building and civil engineering construction. Much attention is given to the suitability of materials, to the conditions under which concrete can excel and those where it may deteriorate and to the precautionary or remedial measures that can be adopted. First published in 1935, this is the fourth edition and the first to appear since the death of Sir Frederick Lea, the original author. Over the life of the first three editions, this book has become the authority on its subject. The fourth edition is edited by Professor Peter C. Hewlett, Director of the British Board of Agrement and visiting Industrial Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering at the University of Dundee. Professor Hewlett has brought together a distinguished body of international contributors to produce an edition which is a worthy successor to the previous editions.
Download or read book Supplementary Cementing Materials for Concrete written by V. M. Malhotra and published by Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology. This book was released on 1987 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compilation of 7 comprehensive state-of-the-art papers on supplementary cementing materials for use in concrete by international experts from Canada, Norway, and the United States. Coverage includes: natural pozzolans; flyash, a pozzolanic by-product of the combustion of pulverized coal in thermalpower stations; worldwide review of condensed silica fume; and ferrous andnon-ferrous slags.
Download or read book Performance of Concretes Proportioned with Pyrament Blended Cement written by Tony B. Husbands and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Portland Cement written by G. C. Bye and published by Thomas Telford. This book was released on 1999 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Portland cement is one of the most traditional of construction materials. Rising costs of the energy required for its manufacture and the increasing interest in understanding the mechanisms of concrete deterioration, as well as the importance of optimising the use of Portland cement in high quality concrete, have continued to sustain interest in this important material. This second edition of this popular book provides an up-to-date introduction to the raw materials and manufacturing processes of Portland cement. It gives an introductory account of cement composition, manufacture, quality assessment, hydration and the resulting microstructure-physical property relationships, and some mechanisms of the chemical degradation of hardened cement paste. The book is primarily intended for students of materials sciences and graduates in pure science or engineering entering the cement or concrete industries. However anyone requiring a good clear introduction to this material will find this book provides helpful information.
Download or read book Investigation of the Potential Sulfate Resistance of Ten Portland Cements written by Waterways Experiment Station (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book George Verbeck Symposium on Sulfate Resistance of Concrete written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Materials Science of Concrete written by Jacques Marchand and published by Wiley-American Ceramic Society. This book was released on 1999 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 18 papers grapple with new problems and old ones that remain unresolved concerning sulfate attack on concrete, not considered one of the most prevalent mechanisms of concrete deterioration, but one that has received much attention lately because of costly litigation against manufacturers, developers, and others. The topics include the role of ettringite in external sulfate attack, microstructural alterations in permeable concrete, assessing damage and predicting service life of venerable concrete, a marine environment, and the adequacy of standards. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book Low Temperature Sulfate Resistance of Concrete Produced with Portland limestone Cements and Supplementary Cementitious Materials written by Reza Mohammadi Ahani and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Portland-limestone cement with up to 15% interground limestone was included in the Canadian Standard A3000 for Hydraulic Cements in 2008. However, due to the lack of data on sulfate resistance of concrete especially the potential for thaumasite sulfate attack at low temperatures, the use of portland-limestone cement in concretes subjected to moderate or severe sulfate exposures, even when blended with supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) was not allowed. In this experimental research, the sulfate resistance of fifty three concrete mixtures produced with several combinations of portland and/or portland-limestone cements and SCMs at three different water-to-cementitious materials ratios of 0.40, 0.50, and 0.70 exposed to both sodium and magnesium sulfate solutions was evaluated in both laboratory and field exposures at low temperatures by measuring changes in length, mass, and resonant frequency of concrete prisms as well as making visual inspections. Also, the causes, mechanisms, and depth of deterioration in damaged concrete mixtures having insufficient levels of SCMs was investigated by mineralogical analysis using X-ray diffraction and microstructural analyses using micro X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that SCMs at sufficient replacement levels significantly improve the resistance of concrete to sulfate attack and in such mixtures there was no impact of limestone additions. The sulfate resistance of PC+SCMs and PLC+SCMs concrete mixtures is equal to or better than that of currently allowed highly and moderately sulfate-resistant portland and blended cements. Exposure to magnesium sulfate solution is more aggressive than sodium sulfate solution. The sulfate resistance of concrete prisms in the selected field exposures is better than that of prisms in the selected laboratory exposures due to more reasonable concentrations of sulfate solutions, larger prism size, and possibly including the variable temperature used in the field exposure. Since there is no standard test method for evaluating the sulfate resistance of concrete due to the potential threat from thaumasite sulfate attack at low temperature and previous research focused on mortar tests, the results of this research can be used to develop a standard test method for evaluating the sulfate resistance of concrete.
Download or read book Sulphate Resistance of Blended slag Cement written by B. Chojnacki and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Determination of Sulphates written by Agnes LaFoy Fay and published by . This book was released on 1905 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
