Download or read book Sugar Related Organic Compounds in Carbonaceous Meteorites written by G. Cooper and published by BiblioGov. This book was released on 2013-08 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sugars and related polyols are critical components of all organisms and may have been necessary for the origin of life. To date, this class of organic compounds had not been definitively identified in meteorites. This study was undertaken to determine if polyols were present in the early Solar System as constituents of carbonaceous meteorites. Results of analyses of the Murchison and Murray meteorites indicate that formaldehyde and sugar chemistry may be responsible for the presence of a variety of polyols. We conclude that polyols were present on the early Earth through delivery by asteroids and possibly comets.
Download or read book Shock Chemistry of Sugars and Implications for Delivery by Meteorites written by N. B. Zellner and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent detection of the sugar glycolaldehyde in the interstellar molecular cloud Sagittarius B2(N) (Hollis et al. 2000) and models of its formation (Sorrell, 2001) have helped fuel the idea that biologically-relevant organic compounds can form easily in space and can be delivered to Earth or other planets by comets, meteorites, and asteroids. Glycolaldehyde is a useful bio-ingredient because it can polymerize into higher forms of carbohydrates, such as ribose, the sugar that makes up the backbone for RNA, and glucose, the sugar found in plant saps and fruits (Hollis et al. 2000; see Figure 1). Glycolaldehyde is reactive and can form various kinds of complex organic compounds; therefore, it may be an important ingredient for starting life on the early Earth. Its presence in space, while not ubiquitous, is an important clue for understanding the chemical routes that can lead to the formation of other molecules, both simple and complex. Meteorites contain materials coalesced from dense molecular clouds during or prior to formation of the Solar System. Carbonaceous chondrites are of special interest to studies of the origin of life because they contain carbon-based compounds, such as amino acids (e.g. Pizzarello et al. 1991; Botta and Bada, 2002) and sugars (Cooper et al. 2001, 2002), essential constituents of terrestrial organisms. Dihydroxyacetone, sugar acids, and sugar alcohols have been identified in the Murchison and Murray meteorites (Cooper et al. 2001, 2002), and laboratory analyses of simple sugar mass spectra have suggested that similar features exist in Comet Halley spectra (Robinson and Wdowiak, 1994). While shock experiments have already been carried out to understand the effects of pressure and temperature on the chemistry of amino acids with relevance to their delivery to Earth by comets (e.g. Blank et al. 2001), to date, no experiments regarding the impact delivery and survivability of sugars have been done. Here we propose studies that will focus on understanding how dimers of glycolaldehyde (C{sub 4}H{sub 8}O{sub 4}) and dihydroxyacetone (C{sub 6}H{sub 12}O{sub 6}), two of the simplest sugars (Table 1), react under the extreme pressures and temperatures of simulated terrestrial impact events. The existing two-stage light-gas gun at LLNL (e.g. Koch et al. 1990) can be used to carry out shock experiments of sugar solutions in a manner similar to that of Blank et al. (2001), and liquid or gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (LCMS, GCMS) can be used to identify the solutions' end products (see Appendix A for a list of the experiments' components). It is likely that these sugars will break down, but they may form more complex molecules, such as ribose (C{sub 5}H{sub 10}O{sub 5}) or glucose (C{sub 6}H{sub 12}O{sub 6}), since sugars provide the carbon skeletons for many molecules. The latter outcome would be significant to understanding the delivery and subsequent shock chemistry of extraterrestrial bio-ingredients because it would show that these molecules could survive impact events to form more complicated molecules, in contrast to other reports (e.g. Chyba et al. 1990) but in support of the findings of Blank et al. (2001).
Download or read book Carbonaceous Matter in Meteorites written by Gennadiĭ Petrovich Vdovykin and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Carbonaceous Matter in Meteorites written by Gennadiĭ Petrovich Vdovykin and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Carbonaceous Meteorites written by Bartholomew Nagy and published by Elsevier Science & Technology. This book was released on 1975 with total page 766 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Analysis of Low Molecular Weight Organic Compounds in Carbonaceous Meteorites written by Gregory Alan Jungclaus and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Chemistry of Life s Origins written by J. Mayo Greenberg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the lectures presented at the second course of the International School of Space Chemistry held in Erice (Sicily) from October 20 - 30 1991 at the "E. Majorana Centre for Scientific Culture". The course was attended by 58 participants from 13 countries. The Chemistry of Life's Origins is well recognized as one of the most critical subjects of modem chemistry. Much progress has been made since the amazingly perceptive contributions by Oparin some 70 years ago when he first outlined a possible series of steps starting from simple molecules to basic building blocks and ultimate assembly into simple organisms capable of replicating, catalysis and evolution to higher organisms. The pioneering experiments of Stanley Miller demonstrated already forty years ago how easy it could have been to form the amino acids which are critical to living organisms. However we have since learned and are still learning a great deal more about the primitive conditions on earth which has led us to a rethinking of where and how the condition for prebiotic chemical processes occurred. We have also learned a great deal more about the molecular basis for life. For instance, the existence of DNA was just discovered forty years ago.
Download or read book Organic Chemistry of Carbonaceous Meteorites written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-06-19 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chiral and carbon-isotopic analyses of isovaline have been carried out on numerous samples of the Murchison and one sample of the Murray carbonaceous chondrite. The isovaline was found to be heterogeneous with regard to enantiomeric excess (ee) both between samples and within a single Murchison sample. L-Excesses ranging from 0 to 15% were observed. The isovaline delta(sup 13) C was found to be about +18%. No evidence was obtained suggesting terrestrial contamination in the more abundant L-enantiomer. A correlation was observed between isovaline (also alpha - aminoisobutyric acid) concentration and PCP content of five CM chondrites. It is suggested that isovaline, along with other meteoritic a-methyl amino acids with ee, are of presolar origin. The possible formation of ee in extraterrestrial amino acids by exposure to circularly polarized light or by magnetochiral photochemistry is discussed. Key words: Murchison meteorite, Murray meteorite, amino acids, isovaline, chirality, carbon isotopes, PCP. Cronin, John R. Goddard Space Flight Center
Download or read book Primitive Meteorites and Asteroids written by Neyda M. Abreu and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-07-14 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Primitive Meteorites and Asteroids: Physical, Chemical, and Spectroscopic Observations Paving the Way to Exploration covers the physical, chemical and spectroscopic aspects of asteroids, providing important data and research on carbonaceous chondrites and primitive meteorites. This information is crucial to the success of missions to parent bodies, thus contributing to an understanding of the early solar system. The book offers an interdisciplinary perspective relevant to many fields of planetary science, as well as cosmochemistry, planetary astronomy, astrobiology, geology and space engineering. Including contributions from planetary and missions scientists worldwide, the book collects the fundamental knowledge and cutting-edge research on carbonaceous chondrites and their parent bodies into one accessible resource, thus contributing to the future of space exploration. Presents the most current data and information on the mission-relevant characteristics of primitive asteroids Addresses the physical, chemical and spectral characteristics of carbonaceous chondritic meteorites and the bearings on successful exploration of their parent asteroids Includes chapters on geotechnical properties and resource extraction
Download or read book Exploring Organic Environments in the Solar System written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-03-09 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sources, distributions, and transformation of organic compounds in the solar system are active study areas as a means to provide information about the evolution of the solar system and the possibilities of life elsewhere in the universe. There are many organic synthesis processes, however, and ambiguity surrounds the relative effectiveness of these processes in explaining the distribution of organic compounds in the solar system. As a consequence, NASA directed the NRC to determine what processes account for the reduced carbon compounds found throughout the solar system and to examine how planetary exploration can advance understanding of this central issue. This report presents a discussion of the chemistry of carbon; an analysis of the formation, modification, and preservation of organic compounds in the solar system; and an assessment of research opportunities and strategies for enhancing our understanding of organic material in the solar system.
Download or read book Treatise on Geochemistry written by and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-10-19 with total page 14787 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This extensively updated new edition of the widely acclaimed Treatise on Geochemistry has increased its coverage beyond the wide range of geochemical subject areas in the first edition, with five new volumes which include: the history of the atmosphere, geochemistry of mineral deposits, archaeology and anthropology, organic geochemistry and analytical geochemistry. In addition, the original Volume 1 on "Meteorites, Comets, and Planets" was expanded into two separate volumes dealing with meteorites and planets, respectively. These additions increased the number of volumes in the Treatise from 9 to 15 with the index/appendices volume remaining as the last volume (Volume 16). Each of the original volumes was scrutinized by the appropriate volume editors, with respect to necessary revisions as well as additions and deletions. As a result, 27% were republished without major changes, 66% were revised and 126 new chapters were added. In a many-faceted field such as Geochemistry, explaining and understanding how one sub-field relates to another is key. Instructors will find the complete overviews with extensive cross-referencing useful additions to their course packs and students will benefit from the contextual organization of the subject matter Six new volumes added and 66% updated from 1st edition. The Editors of this work have taken every measure to include the many suggestions received from readers and ensure comprehensiveness of coverage and added value in this 2nd edition The esteemed Board of Volume Editors and Editors-in-Chief worked cohesively to ensure a uniform and consistent approach to the content, which is an amazing accomplishment for a 15-volume work (16 volumes including index volume)!
Download or read book Handbook of Astrobiology written by Vera M. Kolb and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-12-07 with total page 866 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Choice Recommended Title, August 2019 Read an exclusive interview with Professor Vera Kolb here. Astrobiology is the study of the origin, evolution, distribution, and future of life on Earth. This exciting and significant field of research also investigates the potential existence and search for extra-terrestrial life in the Solar System and beyond. This is the first handbook in this burgeoning and interdisciplinary field. Edited by Vera Kolb, a highly respected astrobiologist, this comprehensive resource captures the history and current state of the field. Rich in information and easy to use, it assumes basic knowledge and provides answers to questions from practitioners and specialists in the field, as well as providing key references for further study. Features: Fills an important gap in the market, providing a comprehensive overview of the field Edited by an authority in the subject, with chapters written by experts in the many diverse areas that comprise astrobiology Contains in-depth and broad coverage of an exciting field that will only grow in importance in the decades ahead
Download or read book Prebiotic Chemistry written by Peter Walde and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-10-13 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Isotope Geochemistry written by Heinrich D Holland and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-09-27 with total page 750 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After the discovery that elements were commonly composed of isotopes, there developed a range of studies of the variability of isotopic compositions in Earth materials, which was able to add to our understanding of Earth processes and history. This collection of chapters from the Treatise on Geochemistry describes the range of isotopic studies. The chapters are grouped into the following categories: light stable isotopes, radiogenic tracers, noble gases and radioactive tracers. The first three groups depend on mass spectrometric measurements. The section on radioactive tracers employs both radioactive counting techniques and the newly developed accelerator mass spectrometric techniques. Comprehensive, interdisciplinary and authoritative content selected by leading subject experts Robust illustrations, figures and tables Affordably priced sampling of content from the full Treatise on Geochemistry
Download or read book Chemical Analysis of Organic Molecules in Carbonaceous Meteorites written by Zita Carla Torrão Pinto Martins and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Planetary Mineralogy written by M.R. Lee and published by The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland. This book was released on 2015-04-20 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume of the EMU Notes in Mineralogy is one of the outcomes of a school in planetary mineralogy that was held in Glasgow, Scotland, in 2014. The school was inspired by the recent advances in our understanding of the nature and evolution of our Solar System that have come from the missions to study and sample asteroids and comets, and the very successful Mars orbiters and landers. At the same time our horizons have expanded greatly with the discovery of extrasolar protoplanetary disks, planets and planetary systems by space telescopes. The continued success of such telescopic and robotic exploration requires a supply of highly skilled people and so one of the goals of the Glasgow school was to help build a community of early-career planetary scientists and space engineers.
Download or read book Deep Carbon Science written by Isabelle Daniel and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-01-04 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
