Download or read book Sugar and Civilization written by April Merleaux and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2015-07-13 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the weeks and months after the end of the Spanish-American War, Americans celebrated their nation's triumph by eating sugar. Each of the nation's new imperial possessions, from Puerto Rico to the Philippines, had the potential for vastly expanding sugar production. As victory parties and commemorations prominently featured candy and other sweets, Americans saw sugar as the reward for their global ambitions. April Merleaux demonstrates that trade policies and consumer cultures are as crucial to understanding U.S. empire as military or diplomatic interventions. As the nation's sweet tooth grew, people debated tariffs, immigration, and empire, all of which hastened the nation's rise as an international power. These dynamics played out in the bureaucracies of Washington, D.C., in the pages of local newspapers, and at local candy counters. Merleaux argues that ideas about race and civilization shaped sugar markets since government policies and business practices hinged on the racial characteristics of the people who worked the land and consumed its products. Connecting the history of sugar to its producers, consumers, and policy makers, Merleaux shows that the modern American sugar habit took shape in the shadow of a growing empire.
Download or read book Peddling Protectionism written by Douglas A. Irwin and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2017-10-24 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A history of America's most infamous tariff The Smoot-Hawley tariff of 1930, which raised U.S. duties on hundreds of imported goods to record levels, is America's most infamous trade law. It is often associated with—and sometimes blamed for—the onset of the Great Depression, the collapse of world trade, and the global spread of protectionism in the 1930s. Even today, the ghosts of congressmen Reed Smoot and Willis Hawley haunt anyone arguing for higher trade barriers; almost single-handedly, they made protectionism an insult rather than a compliment. In Peddling Protectionism, Douglas Irwin provides the first comprehensive history of the causes and effects of this notorious measure, explaining why it largely deserves its reputation for combining bad politics and bad economics and harming the U.S. and world economies during the Depression. In four brief, clear chapters, Irwin presents an authoritative account of the politics behind Smoot-Hawley, its economic consequences, the foreign reaction it provoked, and its aftermath and legacy. Starting as a Republican ploy to win the farm vote in the 1928 election by increasing duties on agricultural imports, the tariff quickly grew into a logrolling, pork barrel free-for-all in which duties were increased all around, regardless of the interests of consumers and exporters. After Herbert Hoover signed the bill, U.S. imports fell sharply and other countries retaliated by increasing tariffs on American goods, leading U.S. exports to shrivel as well. While Smoot-Hawley was hardly responsible for the Great Depression, Irwin argues, it contributed to a decline in world trade and provoked discrimination against U.S. exports that lasted decades. Peddling Protectionism tells a fascinating story filled with valuable lessons for trade policy today.
Download or read book Clashing Over Commerce written by Douglas A. Irwin and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2017-11-29 with total page 873 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Foreign Affairs Best Book of the Year: “Tells the history of American trade policy . . . [A] grand narrative [that] also debunks trade-policy myths.” —Economist Should the United States be open to commerce with other countries, or should it protect domestic industries from foreign competition? This question has been the source of bitter political conflict throughout American history. Such conflict was inevitable, James Madison argued in the Federalist Papers, because trade policy involves clashing economic interests. The struggle between the winners and losers from trade has always been fierce because dollars and jobs are at stake: depending on what policy is chosen, some industries, farmers, and workers will prosper, while others will suffer. Douglas A. Irwin’s Clashing over Commerce is the most authoritative and comprehensive history of US trade policy to date, offering a clear picture of the various economic and political forces that have shaped it. From the start, trade policy divided the nation—first when Thomas Jefferson declared an embargo on all foreign trade and then when South Carolina threatened to secede from the Union over excessive taxes on imports. The Civil War saw a shift toward protectionism, which then came under constant political attack. Then, controversy over the Smoot-Hawley tariff during the Great Depression led to a policy shift toward freer trade, involving trade agreements that eventually produced the World Trade Organization. Irwin makes sense of this turbulent history by showing how different economic interests tend to be grouped geographically, meaning that every proposed policy change found ready champions and opponents in Congress. Deeply researched and rich with insight and detail, Clashing over Commerce provides valuable and enduring insights into US trade policy past and present. “Combines scholarly analysis with a historian’s eye for trends and colorful details . . . readable and illuminating, for the trade expert and for all Americans wanting a deeper understanding of America’s evolving role in the global economy.” —National Review “Magisterial.” —Foreign Affairs
Download or read book Our High Tariff on Sugar and Its Effect written by Frank Clifford Lowry and published by . This book was released on 1911 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Tariff written by United States Tariff Commission and published by . This book was released on 1934 with total page 992 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book American Sugar Kingdom written by César J. Ayala and published by Univ of North Carolina Press. This book was released on 2009-11-15 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Engaging conventional arguments that the persistence of plantations is the cause of economic underdevelopment in the Caribbean, this book focuses on the discontinuities in the development of plantation economies in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Dominican Republic in the early twentieth century. Cesar Ayala analyzes and compares the explosive growth of sugar production in the three nations following the War of 1898--when the U.S. acquired Cuba and Puerto Rico--to show how closely the development of the Spanish Caribbean's modern economic and social class systems is linked to the history of the U.S. sugar industry during its greatest period of expansion and consolidation. Ayala examines patterns of investment and principal groups of investors, interactions between U.S. capitalists and native planters, contrasts between new and old regions of sugar monoculture, the historical formation of the working class on sugar plantations, and patterns of labor migration. In contrast to most studies of the Spanish Caribbean, which focus on only one country, his account places the history of U.S. colonialism in the region, and the history of plantation agriculture across the region, in comparative perspective.
Download or read book Sugar written by James Walvin and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2018-04-03 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How did sugar grow from prize to pariah? Acclaimed historian James Walvin looks at the history of our collective sweet tooth, beginning with the sugar grown by enslaved people who had been uprooted and shipped vast distances to undertake the grueling labor on plantations. The combination of sugar and slavery would transform the tastes of the Western world. Prior to 1600, sugar was a costly luxury, the domain of the rich. But with the rise of the sugar colonies in the New World over the following century, sugar became cheap, ubiquitous, and an everyday necessity. Less than fifty years ago, few people suggested that sugar posed a global health problem. And yet today, sugar is regularly denounced as a dangerous addiction, on a par with tobacco. Masterfully insightful and probing, James Walvin reveals the relationship between society and sweetness over the past two centuries— and how it explains our conflicted relationship with sugar today.
Download or read book Sugar written by and published by . This book was released on 1901 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Argument before the Committee of Ways and Means on the Sugar Tariff written by Theodore A. Havemeyer and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2023-11-10 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reprint of the original, first published in 1880.
Download or read book U S Tariff written by and published by . This book was released on 1884 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tariff Act of 1929 written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance and published by . This book was released on 1929 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tariff Schedules written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means and published by . This book was released on 1913 with total page 1168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tariff Classification Study written by United States Tariff Commission and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 1440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sugar and Society in China written by Sucheta Mazumdar and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2020-10-26 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this wide-ranging study, Sucheta Mazumdar offers a new answer to the fundamental question of why China, universally acknowledged one of the most developed economies in the world through the mid-eighteenth century, paused in this development process in the nineteenth. Focusing on cane-sugar production, domestic and international trade, technology, and the history of consumption for over a thousand years as a means of framing the larger questions, the author shows that the economy of late imperial China was not stagnant, nor was the state suppressing trade; indeed, China was integrated into the world market well before the Opium War. But clearly the trajectory of development did not transform the social organization of production or set in motion sustained economic growth.
Download or read book Tariff Classification Study Proposed revised tariff schedules of the United States written by United States Tariff Commission and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tariff Schedules written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance and published by . This book was released on 1913 with total page 1434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Annual Report of the United States Tariff Commission written by United States Tariff Commission and published by . This book was released on 1917 with total page 916 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
