Download or read book Success and Failure in Applying ASTM Standards to the Evaluation and Rehabilitation of Historic Masonry Structures A Case Study written by K. Vance Kelley and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Material deterioration in historic masonry structures is typically diagnosed by field investigation and material testing. Detailing and specifying effective repairs requires understanding deterioration mechanisms and how to apply modern standards to archaic materials and construction. In 2008, the United States Army Corps of Engineers considered dismantling the 87-ft-tall Grant Hall Clock Tower that had stood sentinel over Fort Leavenworth since 1908. Falling masonry prompted an inspection that identified heavily coated, crumbling brick in the tower walls, but did not identify a cause of deterioration. A theory developed that the tower was constructed using the inconsistent-quality, prisoner-made brick, prevalent throughout the garrison and thus was at the end of its life. The architectural and engineering consultants hired to evaluate the tower and develop treatment recommendations considered this theory as they undertook a thorough examination of the tower's exterior and interior condition. Based on direct close-range observation and limited destructive investigation the A/E team theorized that the deterioration was not caused by inferior brick, but to decades of unchecked water penetration, unexpectedly hard original mortar, and coatings that prevented drying. Together, these conditions allowed moisture to saturate the full thickness of the walls. ASTM C67 [Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2007] analysis of the brick supported this theory, but ASTM C1324-04 [Standard Test Method for Examination and Analysis of Hardened Masonry Mortar, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2004] analysis of the mortar did not. The A/E team questioned the mortar analysis because the results were contrary to their direct physical experience with the mortar. Based on knowledge of historic mortar materials, the team relied on their field observations. Although the quality of the primary structural material was verified, the exterior wythe of brick was heavily coated and damaged. The A/E team was challenged to specify an innovative replacement of the entire exterior brick wythe in the three- and four-wythe structural masonry walls. The repairs needed to be constructible, compatible, and safe for the workers and occupants in the offices below.
Download or read book Standards for Preservation and Rehabilitation written by Stephen J. Kelley and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1996 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Collects some 30 papers dealing with philosophical, methodological, and technical standards in building preservation. The first section of papers present a general view of preservation. The second section offers papers which discuss the different approaches to preservation practice. The third sectio
Download or read book Noise insensitive Prognostic Evaluation of Historic Masonry Structures written by Ashley Haydock and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: In recent years, a significant amount of research has been directed towards the development of prognostic methodologies to forecast the future health state of an engineering system assisting condition based maintenance. These prognostic methods, having furthered the maintenance practices for mechanical systems, have yet to be applied to historic masonry structures, many of which stand in an aged and degraded state. Implementation of prognostic methodologies to historic masonry structures can advance the planning of successful conservation and restoration efforts, ultimately prolonging the life of these heritage structures. This thesis presents a review of prognostic concepts and techniques available in the literature as applied to various engineering disciplines, and evaluates the well-established prognostic techniques for their applicability to historic masonry structures. Challenges of adapting the existing prognostic techniques to historic masonry are discussed, and the future direction in research, development, and application of prognostic methods to masonry structures is highlighted. One particular prognostic technique, known as support vector regression, has had successful applications due to its ability to compromise between fitting accuracy and generalizability (i.e. flatness) in the training of prediction models. Optimal tradeoff between these two aspects depends on the amount of extraneous noise in the measurements, which in civil engineering applications, is typically caused by loading conditions unaccounted for in the development of the prediction model. Such extraneous loading, often variable with time affects the optimal tradeoff. This thesis presents an approach for optimally weighing fitting accuracy and flatness of a support vector regression model in an iterative manner as new measurements become available. The proposed approach is demonstrated in prognostic evaluation of the structural condition of a historic masonry coastal fortification, Fort Sumter located in Charleston, SC. A finite element model is used to simulate responses of a casemate within the fort considering differential settlement of supports. Within the case study, the adaptive optimal weighting approach proved to have increased prediction accuracy over the non-weighted option.
Download or read book Repair and Maintenance of Masonry Structures written by Edward F. O'Neil and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Masonry Research Application and Problems written by John T. Conway and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1985 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Statics of Historic Masonry Constructions written by Mario Como and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 661 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Masonry constructions are the great majority of the buildings in Europe’s historic centres and the most important monuments of its architectural heritage. Given the age of these constructions, the demand for safety assessments and restoration projects is pressing and constant; still within the broad studies in the subject it is not yet recognised, in particular within the seismic area, a unitary approach to deal with Masonry structures. This successful book contributes to clarify the issues with a rigorous approach offering a comprehensive new Statics of Masonry Constructions. This third edition has been driven by some recent developments of the research in the field, and it gives the fundamentals of Statics with an original and rigorous mathematical formulation, further in-depth inquired in this new version. With many refinements and improvements, the book investigates the static behaviour of many historic monuments, such as the Gothic Cathedrals, the Mycenaean Tholoi, the Pantheon, the Colosseum, the domes of Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence and St Peter’s in Rome, as well as the Leaning Tower of Pisa. The last chapter – the 11th - regarding the behaviour of masonry buildings under seismic actions, has been modified and integrated in order to take into account the numerous recent achievements of the research in the dynamic and seismic analysis. The focal point is that there’s no dissipation of energy during the deformation of masonry structures, even if accompanied by cracks. If properly reinforced, masonry constructions have the sole resource to escape the seismic action developing the rocking without failure, under alternate seismic action. In this context, the rocking of pier walls, the main resistant components of the masonry structure, has been here thoroughly examined. Furthermore, the out of plane and the in-plane seismic strengths of masonry walls with openings has been investigated within the framework of Limit Analysis. Through an interdisciplinary approach, involving Mathematics, Engineering and Architecture, this book highlights the tight connection existing between the Statics of Masonry constructions and the principles that ruled the history of constructions, since the beginnings as far as the Seventeenth century.
Download or read book Structural Restoration of Masonry Monuments written by George G. Penelis and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-01-31 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historic structures need to be restored in line with international guidance and charters developed by architects and archaeologists, but technical understanding of structural engineering and materials is crucial, particularly with respect to response to earthquake loading. This guide to structural assessment and restoration of masonry monuments and historical buildings outlines the techniques, materials and design procedures used. It begins with principles, theory and practice and then presents case studies. The assessment focusses on Building materials and construction techniques used in the past The mechanics of masonry The structural behaviour of masonry monuments and historical buildings In-situ investigation and laboratory tests for existing and restoration materials. The restoration elaborates on Techniques and materials available for structural restoration Structural analysis and design Deciding on the restoration scheme Emergency measures and protective measures.
Download or read book Masonry written by Brian Trimble and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 2008 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Papers from a June 2006 symposium report on recent work in cement, lime, mortars for unit masonry, and manutactured masonry units. Some specific topics covered include investigation and repair of glazed brick cladding, the benefits and problems of ASTM C 1324 for analyzing hardened masonry mortars, time-of-cooling effects on mortar joint color, and the selection and use of natural and manufactured stone adhered veneer. Other subjects examined include defection criteria for masonry beams, the effect of void area on brick masonry performance, seismic evaluation of low-rise reinforced masonry buildings with flexible diaphragms, and greening of mortars. B&w photos and illustrations are included. Trimble is affiliated with the Brick Industry Association. Brisch is affiliated with Rockwell Lime Company. There is no subject index.
Download or read book Masonry written by John H. Matthys and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1990 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nondestructive Evaluation Testing of Masonry Structures written by Bruce A. Suprenant and published by Hanley Wood Incorporated. This book was released on 1994-01-01 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Onsiteformasonry project written by Luigia Binda and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assessment and Retrofit of Masonry Structures written by Ahmad A. Hamid and published by . This book was released on 2019-05-31 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides background, reference material, and guidance to design professionals, building owners, and contractors on existing masonry. Construction characteristics of masonry structures, typical material properties, and analytical approaches are included for historic, transitional, and modern masonry construction typologies. The main focus of the book is structural stabilization, strengthening, and retrofit with maintenance and serviceability items (such as water penetration and cleaning) addressed as subtopics.This book also incorporates discussion on the evaluation and retrofit process, site investigation and analysis, retrofit, monitoring, and maintenance. Assessment and retrofit projects conducted by the authors are presented as case studies to highlight technical issues and illustrate the process of developing a rational methodology for different types of masonry assessment and retrofit projects.Assessment and retrofit projects conducted by the authors are presented in a special Chapter as case studies to highlight technical issues and illustrate the process of developing a rational assessment and retrofit methodology for different types of masonry assessment and retrofit projects.
Download or read book ASTM Standards on Masonry written by American Society for Testing and Materials and published by Astm International. This book was released on 1990-01-01 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Standard Guide for Evaluation and Rehabilitation of Mass Masonry Walls for Changes to Thermal and Moisture Properties of the Wall written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Manual for the Assessment of Load Bearing Unreinforced Masonry Structures written by Thomas E. Boothby Ece Erdogmus and published by . This book was released on 2013-03-05 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The assessment of unreinforced masonry structures is difficult to undertake in practice.A structural engineer is usually confronted with a standing, apparently competent, structure thatseems to defy most of the rules of structural behavior, as incorporated in modern building codes. The engineer must then choose between reinforcing the structure according to a modernunderstanding of material strength and structural behavior or trying to make sense of the behavior and anticipated strength of the structure on a more fundamental level. A fundamental structural assessment, although it involves a considerable amount of effort in analysis and in furthering the understanding of masonry behavior, is the more rewarding. This course of action is consistent with the principles of historic preservation, as summarized in the Secretary of the Interior's standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties. The following manual is intended to introduce a sympathetic structural engineer to some of the principles of unreinforced masonry and especially to provide some basic instructions in preparing a model of such a structure for analysis, using widely available, modern tools for structural analysis. In Section 2, the assessment of two dimensional arches is introduced. This sectionbegins with an elaboration of the competing issues of code compliance and rational assessment as described in the introductory remarks above. Section 3 cove rs the assessment of three-dimensional masonry vaults using widely available structural analysis software. Case studies, illustrating the procedure recommended for the assessment of masonry structures are provided in Sections 4 through 6.
Download or read book Modelling and Structural Analysis of Historical Masonry Systems Including Vaulted Structure written by Yohei Endo and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The conservation of historic structures has been given special attention due to their cultural, social and economic importance. However they often show considerable structural vulnerability and have been seriously damaged by natural disasters including earthquakes. An excessive loss of architectural heritage has occurred because of earthquakes. A safety assessment and restoration practice on historical structures has been tackled extensively by professionals including architects and engineers. However, structural assessment of historical buildings is a complex task. Complexity comes from insufficient understanding of the characteristic of historical materials, limited knowledge of the seismic response of historical structures and yet-unknown structural deterioration due to the past natural disasters. Today it is perceived that nonlinear FEM analysis permits detailed study of historical masonry structures. However, in some cases, its application poses difficulties. The difficulties derive from the definition of material properties, the definition of a complex geometry and the analysis procedures. The results depend on the material properties considerably. However, it is not easy to describe appropriately the behaviour of historical materials including masonry in the FEM analysis. The definition of a complex geometry is challenging although the discretisation of accurate geometry is crucial. As for the analysis procedure, one of the difficulties is observed in seismic assessment. FEM-based nonlinear dynamic analysis permits close observation of seismic response of a historical masonry structure but it requires excessive computational effort, for a large-scale structure in particular. On the other hand, pushover can be adopted more efficiently than nonlinear dynamic analysis but the obtained result can be less reliable. All these considerations indicate that the understanding of FEM approaches still needs to be deepened to adopt more accurately and at the same time efficiently for the analysis of historical structures. The present research discusses the applicability of existing nonlinear FEM approaches to the study of masonry historical structures. The FEM analysis is adopted to the analysis of real and complex structures including mixed steel and masonry vaulted systems belonging to the Hospital de Sant Pau in Barcelona and a large single-nave church damaged by the 2009 Abruzzo earthquake. As a final outcome of the research, the conclusions provided criteria and guidelines for the analysis of these types of structures under vertical loading and seismic forces. The achievement of the research will contribute to both engineers and researchers who are involved in the conservation of historical masonry structures especially by means of FEM analysis.
