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Book Subsurface Explosive Hazard Detection Using MIMO Forward looking Ground Penetrating Radar

Download or read book Subsurface Explosive Hazard Detection Using MIMO Forward looking Ground Penetrating Radar written by Darren A. Shaw and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research develops a machine learning algorithm for subsurface object detection on multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) forward-looking ground-penetrating radar (FLGPR). By detecting hazards using FLGPR, standoff distances of up to tens of meters can be acquired, but this is at the degradation of performance due to high false alarm rates. The proposed system utilizes an anomaly detection prescreener to identify potential object locations. Alarm locations have log-Gabor statistical features and spectral features, among others, extracted from multiple polarizations. The ability of these features to reduce the number of false alarms and increase the probability of detection is evaluated with data from an arid U.S. Army test site. After doing so, dimensionality reduction is explored for the extracted feature vectors. Finally, the ability to combine entire feature vectors corresponding to a range of feature types and extracted from numerous polarizations is observed. Classification is performed by a Support Vector Machine (SVM) with lane-based cross-validation for training and testing. Class imbalance and optimized SVM kernel parameters are considered during classifier training.

Book Automatic Explosive Hazard Detection in FL LWIR and FL GPR Data

Download or read book Automatic Explosive Hazard Detection in FL LWIR and FL GPR Data written by Kevin E. Stone and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Detection of land mines and other buried explosive hazards, has been, and continues to be, a serious issue for military and civilian organizations. A vast amount of work has gone into developing detection and remediation technologies for these objects over the past quarter century, and a wide variety of techniques and algorithms have been described in the literature. This work encompasses five years of research into algorithms for the automated detection of explosive hazards in forward-looking long-wave infrared (FL-LWIR) and forward-looking ground-penetrating radar (FL-GPR) data; two technologies that offer the possibility for faster forward progress than current downward-looking systems. It addresses the problems of geo-referencing of individual cameras on moving platforms assuming a flat earth model, allowing transformation between FL-GPR and FL-LWIR coordinate spaces, effectively handling and exploiting multiple look sensor data when those looks have variation in perspective, the design of complex, yet efficient, prescreening algorithms, and target recognition using cell-structured image features with highly unbalanced class distributions. Many algorithms from the areas of machine learning, computer vision, and computational intelligence have been utilized in creating these algorithms, such as support vector machine (SVM) classification and cell-structured image feature extraction using image features such as the local binary pattern (LBP), the histogram of oriented gradients (HOG), a modified version of the edge histogram descriptor (EHD), and maximally stable extremal region (MSER) segmentation based shape features. Other techniques include genetic algorithm training of ensembles of size-contrast filters under multiple objective criteria and covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA-ES) optimization for learning perspective transformation parameters when there is uncertainty in the locations.

Book A Curvelet Prescreener for Detection of Explosive Hazards in Handheld Ground penetrating Radar

Download or read book A Curvelet Prescreener for Detection of Explosive Hazards in Handheld Ground penetrating Radar written by Julie L. White and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explosive hazards, above and below ground, are a serious threat to civilians and soldiers. In an attempt to mitigate these threats, different forms of explosive hazard detection (EHD) exist; e.g, multi-sensor hand-held platforms, downward looking and forward looking vehicle mounted platforms, etc. Robust detection of these threats resides in the processing and fusion of different data from multiple sensing modalities, e.g., radar, infrared, electromagnetic induction (EMI), etc. The focus of this thesis is on the implementation of two new algorithms to form a new energy-based prescreener in hand-held ground penetrating radar (GPR). First, B-scan signal data is curvelet filtered using either ReverseReconstruction followed by Enhancement (RRE) or selectivity with respect to wedge information in the Curvelet transform, Wedge Selection (WS). Next, the result of a bank of matched filter are aggregated and run a size contrast filter with Bhattacharyya distance. Alarms are then combined using weighted mean shift clustering. Results are demonstrated in the context of receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve performance on data from a U.S. Army test site that contains multiple target and clutter types, burial depths, and times of the day.

Book Multi Frequency Analysis for Landmine Detection with Forward Looking Ground Penetrating Radar

Download or read book Multi Frequency Analysis for Landmine Detection with Forward Looking Ground Penetrating Radar written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The project investigates image processing, sensor fusion and signal processing techniques for the forward-looking ground penetrating radar (FLGPR) explosive detection system equipped with a color or FLIR camera (the Alaric system fielded by NVESD), as well as independent multi-camera systems. Also, in this report period, we are addressing research issues dealing with feature and sensor fusion. We had some partial funding from a Leonard wood Institute Grant. The ultimate goal is to utilize multiple sensing modalities together with FLGPR to increase IED detection with low false alarm rates. The project objectives are to: Perform image processing for infra-red and color cameras to detect surface laid road-side targets; Investigate advanced target detection approaches for the FLGPR; Develop coordinate mapping technique between EO image sensors and FLGPR data and investigate fusion algorithms; Research and develop approaches for vehicle-based human-in-the-loop cuing of explosive devices using EO sensors; and Examine and process the EO and FLGPR data collected by the U.S. Army and improve algorithm performance through extensive testing.

Book A Curvelet Prescreener for Detection of Explosive Hazards in Handheld Ground penetrating

Download or read book A Curvelet Prescreener for Detection of Explosive Hazards in Handheld Ground penetrating written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explosive hazards, above and below ground, are a serious threat to civilians and soldiers. In an attempt to mitigate these threats, different forms of explosive hazard detection (EHD) exist; e.g, multi-sensor hand-held platforms, downward looking and forward looking vehicle mounted platforms, etc. Robust detection of these threats resides in the processing and fusion of different data from multiple sensing modalities, e.g., radar, infrared, electromagnetic induction (EMI), etc. The focus of this thesis is on the implementation of two new algorithms to form a new energy-based prescreener in hand-held ground penetrating radar (GPR). First, B-scan signal data is curvelet filtered using either Reverse- Reconstruction followed by Enhancement (RRE) or selectivity with respect to wedge information in the Curvelet transform, Wedge Selection (WS). Next, the result of a bank of matched filter are aggregated and run a size contrast filter with Bhattacharyya distance. Alarms are then combined using weighted mean shift clustering. Results are demonstrated in the context of receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve performance on data from a U.S. Army test site that contains multiple target and clutter types, burial depths, and times of the day.

Book Real time Modeling of Forward looking Ground Penetrating Radar GPR Scattering from Rough Terrain

Download or read book Real time Modeling of Forward looking Ground Penetrating Radar GPR Scattering from Rough Terrain written by Mohammad Mahdi Tajdini and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a viable tool for fast and high fidelity subsurface identification of buried landmines and improvised explosive devices (IEDs). The greatest barrier in GPR surveying systems is the obscuring effect of rough surface clutter. To calculate the scattering from the rough ground, an accurate 3D simulation using a full-wave algorithm such as finite-difference frequency-domain (FDFD) method is required but is often prohibitive for multiple frames when the GPR antennas are distant from the target region. In this dissertation, we present a real-time modeling of forward-looking GPR scattering from the rough terrain located at great electrical distances from the GPR antenna. Background field is calculated only once, and then used for multiple rough surface cases. We show that the computational domain can be reduced to a very small subset of the entire observed volume which is illuminated by the wideband point spread function (PSF) of the GPR, and includes the rough ground surface details immediately above the presumed buried target. The fields are computed then at a distant receiving antenna array. The need to perform a new FDFD simulation of the rough ground at every frame is shown to be unnecessary, with the requirement relaxed for once every all moving frames observing in the 10 - 20 m forward range. Our developed model compares well with direct FDFD results, and can be used for lossy and frequency-dispersive soils. Furthermore, we develop a super-fast method to compute the rough terrain clutter for a forward-looking GPR mounted above a vehicle moving as fast as 10 km/h. The calculated clutter can be removed then from the observed GPR signals to enhance the buried target response. In addition, the effectiveness of a model-based clutter suppression method for a dual band GPR sensing system, to remove the clutter caused by rough ground surface and above ground vegetation and thereby to enhance the target signature, is demonstrated and validated well with field measurement data. Also, the rough surface is statistically investigated, and the dielectric constant of the terrain is predicted based on the received signal on receiver elements. Moreover, we develop an efficient method for the GPR modeling of deteriorated concrete pavements reinforced by a 2D grid of steel bars (rebars), based on 3D Green's function analysis of multilayered media incorporated with the method of moments (MoM) and Born approximation to make the solution faster compared to direct FDFD method.

Book Detecting Improvised Explosive Devices Via Forward Looking Ground Penetrating Radar

Download or read book Detecting Improvised Explosive Devices Via Forward Looking Ground Penetrating Radar written by William W. Woods and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forward-looking ground penetrating radar shows promise for detection of improvised explosive devices in active war zones. Because of certain insurmountable physical limitations, post-processing algorithm development is the most popular research topic in this field. One such investigative avenue explores the worthiness of frequency analysis during data post-processing. Using the finite difference time domain numerical method, simulations are run to test both mine and clutter frequency response.

Book Results from a Forward Looking GPR Mine Detection System

Download or read book Results from a Forward Looking GPR Mine Detection System written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In previous papers, we reported on the high-resolution ground-penetrating radar system designed, built, and deployed by SRI under contract to the Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate at Fort Belvoir. Here, we report on some of the latest test results from the field demonstrations performed at government test sites, carefully designed to produce statistically significant results by employing many samples of a few representative metal and plastic mine types, buried at several depths. Significant improvements in performance above the baseline have been realized by using a number of statistically optimal image processing algorithms based on sound mathematical principles and techniques, guided by electromagnetic models of both mines and clutter. Principal component analysis was employed to define empirical models of buried mines using the polarimetric, complex data. A detector based on the generalized likelihood ratio test was then used on each image. Finally, multilook processing combined the results from several independent views of the same mines (at various ranges). For buried metal mines, at a probability of detection of 94%, the probability of false alarm per m2 decreased by an average factor of about four orders of magnitude over the baseline.

Book Special Issue on Subsurface Sensing Using Ground Penetrating Radar GPR

Download or read book Special Issue on Subsurface Sensing Using Ground Penetrating Radar GPR written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Unexploded Ordnance Detection and Mitigation

Download or read book Unexploded Ordnance Detection and Mitigation written by James Byrnes and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-19 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The chapters in this volume were presented at the July–August 2008 NATO Advanced Study Institute on Unexploded Ordnance Detection and Mitigation. The conference was held at the beautiful Il Ciocco resort near Lucca, in the glorious Tuscany region of northern Italy. For the ninth time we gathered at this idyllic spot to explore and extend the reciprocity between mathematics and engineering. The dynamic interaction between world-renowned scientists from the usually disparate communities of pure mathematicians and applied scientists which occurred at our eight previous ASI’s continued at this meeting. The detection and neutralization of unexploded ordnance (UXO) has been of major concern for very many decades; at least since the First World war. UXO continues to be the subject of intensive research in many ?elds of science, incl- ing mathematics, signal processing (mainly radar and sonar) and chemistry. While today’s headlines emphasize the mayhem resulting from the placement of imp- vised explosive devices (IEDs), humanitarian landmine clearing continues to draw signi?cant global attention as well. In many countries of the world, landmines threaten the population and hinder reconstruction and fast, ef?cient utilization of large areas of the mined land in the aftermath of military con?icts.

Book Civil Engineering Applications of Ground Penetrating Radar

Download or read book Civil Engineering Applications of Ground Penetrating Radar written by Andrea Benedetto and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-07 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, based on Transport and Urban Development COST Action TU1208, presents the most advanced applications of ground penetrating radar (GPR) in a civil engineering context, with documentation of instrumentation, methods and results. It explains clearly how GPR can be employed for the surveying of critical transport infrastructure, such as roads, pavements, bridges and tunnels and for the sensing and mapping of underground utilities and voids. Detailed attention is also devoted to use of GPR in the inspection of geological structures and of construction materials and structures, including reinforced concrete, steel reinforcing bars and pre/post-tensioned stressing ducts. Advanced methods for solution of electromagnetic scattering problems and new data processing techniques are also presented. Readers will come to appreciate that GPR is a safe, advanced, non destructive and noninvasive imaging technique that can be effectively used for the inspection of composite structures and the performance of diagnostics relevant to the entire life cycle of civil engineering works.

Book Signals in the Soil

Download or read book Signals in the Soil written by Abdul Salam and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-16 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an in-depth coverage of the most recent developments in the field of wireless underground communications, from both theoretical and practical perspectives. The authors identify technical challenges and discuss recent results related to improvements in wireless underground communications and soil sensing in Internet of Underground Things (IOUT). The book covers both existing network technologies and those currently in development in three major areas of SitS: wireless underground communications, subsurface sensing, and antennas in the soil medium. The authors explore novel applications of Internet of Underground Things in digital agriculture and autonomous irrigation management domains. The book is relevant to wireless researchers, academics, students, and decision agriculture professionals. The contents of the book are arranged in a comprehensive and easily accessible format. Focuses on fundamental issues of wireless underground communication and subsurface sensing; Includes advanced treatment of IOUT custom applications of variable-rate technologies in the field of decision agriculture, and covers protocol design and wireless underground channel modeling; Provides a detailed set of path loss, antenna, and wireless underground channel measurements in various novel Signals in the Soil (SitS) testbed settings.