Download or read book Subjective Beliefs and Asset Prices written by Renxuan Wang and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These results support models featuring heterogeneous agents with persistent subjective growth expectations. In the second chapter, I propose and test a unifying hypothesis to explain both cross-sectional return anomalies and subjective return expectation errors: some investors falsely ignore the dynamics of discount rates when forming return expectations. Consistent with the hypothesis: 1) stocks' expected cash flow growth and idiosyncratic volatility explain significant cross-sectional variation of analysts' return forecast errors; 2). a measure of mispricing at the firm level strongly predicts stock returns, even among stocks in the S&P500 and at long horizon; 3). a tradable mispricing factor explains the CAPM alphas of 12 leading anomalies including investment, profitability, beta, idiosyncratic volatility and cash flow duration.

Download or read book Expectations Data in Asset Pricing written by Klaus Adam and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Asset prices reflect investors' subjective beliefs about future cash flows and prices. In this chapter, we review recent research on the formation of these beliefs and their role in asset pricing. Return expectations of individual and professional investors in surveys differ markedly from those implied by rational expectations models. Variation in subjective expectations of future cash flows and price levels appear to account for much of aggregate stock market volatility. Mapping the survey evidence into agent expectations in asset pricing models is complicated by measurement errors and belief heterogeneity. Recent efforts to build asset pricing models that match the survey evidence on subjective belief dynamics include various forms of learning about payout or price dynamics, extrapolative expectations, and diagnostic expectations. Challenges for future research include the exploration of subjective risk perceptions, aggregation of measured beliefs, and links between asset market expectations and the macroeconomy.

Download or read book Do Subjective Expectations Explain Asset Pricing Puzzles written by Gurdip Bakshi and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The structural uncertainty model with Bayesian learning, advanced by Weitzman (AER 2007), provides a framework for gauging the effect of structural uncertainty on asset prices and risk premiums. This paper provides an operational version of this approach that incorporates realistic priors about consumption growth volatility, while guaranteeing finite asset pricing quantities. In contrast to the extant literature, the resulting asset pricing model with subjective expectations yields well-defined expected utility, finite moment generating function of consumption growth, and tractable expressions for equity premium and riskfree return. Our quantitative analysis reveals that explaining the historical equity premium and riskfree return, in the context of subjective expectations, requires implausible levels of structural uncertainty. Furthermore, these implausible prior beliefs result in consumption disaster probabilities that virtually coincide with those implied by more realistic priors. At the same time, the two sets of prior beliefs have diametrically opposite asset pricing implications: one asserting, and the other contradicting, the antipuzzle view.

Download or read book Do Subjective Expectations Explain Asset Pricing Puzzles written by Gurdip Bakshi and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The structural uncertainty model with Bayesian learning, advanced by Weitzman (AER 2007), provides a framework for gauging the effect of structural uncertainty on asset prices and risk premiums. This paper provides an operational version of this approach that incorporates realistic priors about consumption growth volatility, while guaranteeing finite asset pricing quantities. In contrast to the extant literature, the resulting asset pricing model with subjective expectations yields well-defined expected utility, finite moment generating function of consumption growth, and tractable expressions for equity premium and riskfree return. Our quantitative analysis reveals that explaining the historical equity premium and riskfree return, in the context of subjective expectations, requires implausible levels of structural uncertainty. Furthermore, these implausible prior beliefs result in consumption disaster probabilities that virtually coincide with those implied by more realistic priors. At the same time, the two sets of prior beliefs have diametrically opposite asset pricing implications: one asserting, and the other contradicting, the antipuzzle view.

Download or read book Optimal Beliefs Asset Prices and the Preference for Skewed Returns written by Markus Konrad Brunnermeier and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human beings want to believe that good outcomes in the future are more likely, but also want to make good decisions that increase average outcomes in the future. We consider a general equilibrium model with complete markets and show that when investors hold beliefs that optimally balance these two incentives, portfolio holdings and asset prices match six observed patterns: (i) because the cost of biased beliefs are typically second-order, investors typically hold biased assessments of probabilities and so are not perfectly diversified according to objective metrics; (ii) because the costs of biased beliefs temper these biases, the utility costs of the lack of diversification are limited; (iii) because there is a complementarity between believing a state more likely and purchasing more of the asset that pays off in that state, investors over-invest in only one Arrow-Debreu security and smooth their consumption well across the remaining states; (iv) because different households can settle on different states to be optimistic about, optimal portfolios of ex ante identical investors can be heterogeneous; (v) because low-price and low-probability states are the cheapest states to buy consumption in, overoptimism about these states distorts consumption the least in the rest of the states, so that investors tend to overinvest in the most skewed securities; (vi) finally, because investors with optimal expectations have higher demand for more skewed assets, ceteris paribus, more skewed asset can have lower average returns.

Download or read book Handbook of Behavioral Economics Foundations and Applications 1 written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-09-27 with total page 749 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Behavioral Economics: Foundations and Applications presents the concepts and tools of behavioral economics. Its authors are all economists who share a belief that the objective of behavioral economics is to enrich, rather than to destroy or replace, standard economics. They provide authoritative perspectives on the value to economic inquiry of insights gained from psychology. Specific chapters in this first volume cover reference-dependent preferences, asset markets, household finance, corporate finance, public economics, industrial organization, and structural behavioural economics. This Handbook provides authoritative summaries by experts in respective subfields regarding where behavioral economics has been; what it has so far accomplished; and its promise for the future. This taking-stock is just what Behavioral Economics needs at this stage of its so-far successful career. Helps academic and non-academic economists understand recent, rapid changes in theoretical and empirical advances within behavioral economics Designed for economists already convinced of the benefits of behavioral economics and mainstream economists who feel threatened by new developments in behavioral economics Written for those who wish to become quickly acquainted with behavioral economics

Download or read book Beliefs Learning and Economic Behavior written by Patrick Leoni and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2010-05 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book studies the way subjective beliefs are modelled in game theory, asset pricing and monetary economics. We first explicitly provide mathematical foundations for the common prior assumption about nature in repeated games and asset pricing. We then recast the explanatory power of subjective beliefs in monetary economics. Our approach is to show that, in economies with rational agents, the common prior assumption has strong learning foundations in repeated game theory. In asset pricing, even though the learning foundations have been clearly identified, we aim to show that commonly accepted heuristic explanations may be flawed. Finally, we aim at dismissing the importance of subjective- and thus possibly irrational, beliefs in explaining failure of banking systems.

Download or read book Basic Principles of Asset Pricing Theory written by Peter Bossaerts and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Asset Prices Under Heterogeneous Beliefs written by Andrew B. Abel and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Asset Prices Under Heterogenous Beliefs written by Andrew B. Abel and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Stock Price Booms and Expected Capital Gains written by Klaus Adam and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The booms and busts in U.S. stock prices over the post-war period can to a large extent be explained by fluctuations in investors' subjective capital gains expectations. Survey measures of these expectations display excessive optimism at market peaks and excessive pessimism at market throughs. Formally incorporating subjective price beliefs into an otherwise standard asset pricing model with utility maximizing investors, we show how subjective belief dynamics can temporarily delink stock prices from their fundamental value and give rise to asset price booms that ultimately result in a price bust. The model successfully replicates (1) the volatility of stock prices and (2) the positive correlation between the price dividend ratio and expected returns observed in survey data. We show that models imposing objective or 'rational' price expectations cannot simultaneously account for both facts. Our findings imply that large parts of U.S. stock price fluctuations are not due to standard fundamental forces, instead result from self-reinforcing belief dynamics triggered by these fundamentals.

Download or read book Asset Pricing with Distorted Beliefs written by Stephen Giovanni Cecchetti and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study a Lucas asset pricing model that is standard in all respects representative agent's subjective beliefs about endowment growth are distorted. Using constant-relative-risk-aversion (CRRA) utility a CRRA coefficient below ten that exhibit, on average, excessive pessimism over expansions and excessive optimism over contractions, our model is able to match the first and second moments of the equity premium and risk-free rate, as well as the persistence and predictability of excess returns found in the data.

Download or read book Heterogeneous Beliefs Asset Prices and Volatility in a Pure Exchange Economy written by Tao Li and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper extends the Lucas (1978) model to a setting in which investors have heterogeneous beliefs about the structure of a dividend process. By assuming that all investors have logarithmic preferences and different subjective discount rates, we can obtain a closed-form representation of the stock price. This closed-form solution enables us to analyze the dynamics of the stock price and its volatility. The model can simutaneously generate several well-known empirical facts - excessive volatility, leverage effects, and positive relationships between price and trading volume and between volatility and volume. All of these effects are driven by the different beliefs of investors.

Download or read book Asset Prices with Rational Beliefs written by Mordecai Kurz and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper introduces the concept of Rational Belief Equilibrium (RBE) as a basis for a new theory of asset pricing. Rational Beliefs are probability beliefs about future economic variables which cannot be contradicted by the data generated by the economy. RBE is an equilibrium in which the diverse beliefs of all the agents induce an equilibrium stochastic process of prices and quantities and these beliefs are, in general, wrong in the sense that they are different from the true probability of the equilibrium process. These beliefs are, however, Rational. Consequently, in an RBE agents use the wrong forecasting functions and their forecasting mistakes play a crucial role in the analysis. First, we show that these mistakes are the reason why stock returns are explainable in retrospect and forecastable whenever the environment remains unchanged over a long enough time interval for agents to learn the forecasting function. Second, the aggregation of these mistakes generates Endogenous Uncertainty: it is that component of the variability of stock prices and returns which is endogenously induced by the beliefs and actions of the agents rather than by the standard exogenous state variables. The paper develops some basic propositions and empirical implications of the theory of RBE. Based on the historical background of the post world war II era, we formulate an econometric model of stock returns which allows non-stationarity in the form of changing environments (quot;regimesquot;). A sequence of econometric hypotheses are then formulated as implications of the theory of RBE and tested utilizing data on common stock returns in the post war period. Apart from confirming the validity of our theory, the empirical analysis shows that (i) common stock returns are forecastable within each environment but it takes time for agents to learn and approximate the forecasting functions. For some agents the time is too short so that it is too late to profit from such learning; (ii) the equilibrium forecasting functions change from one environment to the other in an unforecastable manner so that learning the parameters of one environment does not improve the ability to forecast in the subsequent environments. (iii) more than 2/3 of the variability of stock returns is due to endogenous uncertainty rather than exogenous causes. The paper analyzes one example of a gross market overvaluation which was induced in the 1960's by an aggregation of agent's Mistakes.

Download or read book Asset Pricing with Distorted Beliefs written by Stephen G. Cecchetti and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study a Lucas asset pricing model that is standard in all respects representative agent's subjective beliefs about endowment growth are distorted. Using constant-relative-risk-aversion (CRRA) utility a CRRA coefficient below ten that exhibit, on average, excessive pessimism over expansions and excessive optimism overquot; contractions, our model is able to match the first and second moments of the equity premium andquot; risk-free rate, as well as the persistence and predictability of excess returns found in the data.quot.

Download or read book Computational Methods for the Study of Dynamic Economies written by Ramon Marimon and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 1999-03-04 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Macroeconomics increasingly uses stochastic dynamic general equilibrium models to understand theoretical and policy issues. Unless very strong assumptions are made, understanding the properties of particular models requires solving the model using a computer. This volume brings together leading contributors in the field who explain in detail how to implement the computational techniques needed to solve dynamic economics models. A broad spread of techniques are covered, and their application in a wide range of subjects discussed. The book provides the basics of a toolkit which researchers and graduate students can use to solve and analyse their own theoretical models.

Download or read book Heterogeneous Prior Beliefs and Asset Pricing with Expected Gain from Active Trading written by Jun Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: