Download or read book Study of the Seasonal Dynamics of a Population of Pea Aphids Acyrthosiphon Pisum Harris in Alfalfa Fields written by R. Bournoville and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Within season Population Dynamics of the Pea Aphid Acyrthosiphon Pisum Harris on Alfalfa written by William Dale Hutchison and published by Ann Arbor, Mich. : University Microfilms International. This book was released on 1984 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Studies on the Seasonal Abundance and Spatial Pattern of the Pea Aphid Macrosiphum Pisi Harris in Alfalfa and Alfalfa red Clover Fields in Central New York written by Howard Yost Forsythe and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Technical Bulletin written by and published by . This book was released on 1927* with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ecology of the Pea Aphid in the Blue Mountain Area of Eastern Washington and Oregon written by William C. Cooke and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluation of Temperature Response Development Models for the Pea Aphid Acyrthosiphon Pisum Harris and the Blue Alfalfa Aphid Acyrthosiphon Kondoi Shinji Using Field Data written by Michael Edward Hochberg and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pea Aphid Acyrthosiphon Pisum Harris Populations on Cultivars of Field Peas in Manitoba and Their Effects on Pea Yield written by Juliana Soroka and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research for this project was undertaken from 1984 to 1987. Natural infestations of pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), were measured throughout the summer on five (1984) or six (1985, 1986) cultivars of field peas in small field plots near Glenlea, Manitoba. sarting from equal numbers of pea aphids per cage, in 1986 pea aphid populations were also monitored in 1 m3 field cages which contained plants of one of these six field pea cultivars. Throughout the summers of 1985 and 1986 pea aphids were also sampled in a total of nine Century, four Trapper and two Triumph commercial pea fields in several regions across the province. In all of these tests, pea aphid population growth patterns were similar among cultivars. Aphid numbers rose from low levels during the vegetative to blooming stages of plant growth in mid-July, peaked in late July or early August as pods developed and matured, and declined rapidly by mid- to late August as pea plants senesced. However, numbers of pea aphids at the time of population peak differed consistently and significantly with the cultivar upon which they grew. Peak numbers of pea aphids were larger on Triumph or Trapper plants than they were on Century or Tipu plants. In commercial fields, populations of pea aphids rose more rapidly on Trapper than they did on Century or Triumph plants. In field plots seed weight was the yield component most sensitive to aphid feeding. Triumph had significantly lower seed yields in infested than in control subplots in two out of three years. Seed weight was significantly reduced in infested subplots of Tara peas in one year. Because aphid numbers were low and generally occurred later than at flowering or pod initiation in Century peas, no yield losses due to pea aphids occurred in this cultivar in any of the tests. However, linear regression of seed weight over aphid density indicated that, of the cultivars tested, Century is most susceptible to increasing aphid numbers. Trapper seed weight was least related to aphid density despite the relatively high numbers of pea aphids occurring on this cultivar. In laboratory studies pea aphids had the greatest intrinsic rates of natural increase rm, on the cultivar Trapper and the smallest on the cultivars Tipu and Century. Ten days after infestation, the most antixenosis resistance was expressed by the cultivar Tipu, and the least by Triumph. After 20 days, Triumph still was most preferred by the aphid. Trapper appeared somewhat tolerant of the effects of pea aphid feeding.
Download or read book Seasonal Life History Abundance and Biology of the Parasitoids of the Pea Aphid Acyrthosiphon Pisum Harris in Manitoba written by Frank Oliver Matheson and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seasonal life history, abundance and biology of the parasitoids of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) in Manitoba. A survey of the parasitoids of the pea aphid was conducted in alfalfa and field peas in the Red River Valley area of Manitoba during 1981-85. Five primary parasitoids and twelve secondary parasitoids were collected. The five primary parasitoids, all aphidiids, were: Praon occidentale Baker, Praon pequodorum Viereck, Aphidius ervi Haliday, Aphidius pisivorus Smith and Aphidius smithi sharma and Subba Rao. P. pequodorum and A. ervi comprised most of the primary parasitoids each year. A. smithi was not found prior to the introduction of this parasitoid in Manitoba in 1983. The twelve secondary parasitoids, including 8 identified to the species level, were: five pteromalids, Asaphes lucens (Provancher), Coruna clavata Walker, Pachycrepoideus vindemiae (Rondani), Pachyneuron siphonophorae (Ashmead), Pachyneuron sp.; three alloxystids, Alloxysta victrix (Westwood), Alloxysta megourae complex, Phaenoglyphis ambrosiae (Ashmead); three megapilids, Dendrocerus carpenteri (Curtis), Dendrocerus sp. a. Dendrocerus sp. and one encyrtid, Aphidencyrtus aphidivorus (Mayr). A. lucens was the most abundant secondary parasitoid collected each year. The percentage parasitism of the pea aphid by the primaries was determined for 1983-85 by both rearing and dissecting aphids collected from stem samples in the field. The relative abundance of the adult primary parasitoids for 1981-85 was determined from D-Vac collections, and for both the primary and secondary species from emergence from field-collected mummies. Seasonal changes in the abundance of the parasitoids are discussed.
Download or read book Aphids as Crop Pests 2nd Edition written by Helmut F van Emden and published by CABI. This book was released on 2017-08-23 with total page 716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aphids are among the major global pest groups, causing serious economic damage to many food and commodity crops in most parts of the world. This revision and update of the well-received first edition published ten years ago reflects the expansion of research in genomics, endosymbionts and semiochemicals, as well as the shift from control of aphids with insecticides to a more integrated approach imposed by increasing resistance in the aphids and government restrictions on pesticides. The book remains a comprehensive and up-to-date reference work on the biology of aphids, the various methods of controlling them and the progress of integrated pest management as illustrated by ten case histories.
Download or read book Burning for the Control of Aphids on Alfalfa in the Antelope Valley of California written by R. A. Blanchard and published by . This book was released on 1933 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Literature of Arthropods Associated with Alfalfa written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Control of Aphids on Alfalfa in the Antelope Valley Calif written by R. A. Blanchard and published by . This book was released on 1934 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Seasonal Life History Abundance and Biology of the Parasitoids of the Pea Aphid Acyrthosiphon Pisum Harris in Manitoba written by Frank Oliver Matheson and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seasonal life history, abundance and biology of the parasitoids of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) in Manitoba. A survey of the parasitoids of the pea aphid was conducted in alfalfa and field peas in the Red River Valley area of Manitoba during 1981-85. Five primary parasitoids and twelve secondary parasitoids were collected. The five primary parasitoids, all aphidiids, were: Praon occidentale Baker, Praon pequodorum Viereck, Aphidius ervi Haliday, Aphidius pisivorus Smith and Aphidius smithi sharma and Subba Rao. P. pequodorum and A. ervi comprised most of the primary parasitoids each year. A. smithi was not found prior to the introduction of this parasitoid in Manitoba in 1983. The twelve secondary parasitoids, including 8 identified to the species level, were: five pteromalids, Asaphes lucens (Provancher), Coruna clavata Walker, Pachycrepoideus vindemiae (Rondani), Pachyneuron siphonophorae (Ashmead), Pachyneuron sp.; three alloxystids, Alloxysta victrix (Westwood), Alloxysta megourae complex, Phaenoglyphis ambrosiae (Ashmead); three megapilids, Dendrocerus carpenteri (Curtis), Dendrocerus sp. a. Dendrocerus sp. and one encyrtid, Aphidencyrtus aphidivorus (Mayr). A. lucens was the most abundant secondary parasitoid collected each year. The percentage parasitism of the pea aphid by the primaries was determined for 1983-85 by both rearing and dissecting aphids collected from stem samples in the field. The relative abundance of the adult primary parasitoids for 1981-85 was determined from D-Vac collections, and for both the primary and secondary species from emergence from field-collected mummies. Seasonal changes in the abundance of the parasitoids are discussed.
Download or read book The Effect of Temperature on Population Level Interactions Between the Pea Aphid Acyrthosiphon Pisum Har Homoptera Aphididae and Its Primary Parasitoid Aphidius Ervi Hal Hymenoptera Aphidiidae written by Robert Thiboldeaux and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Pea Aphid on Alfalfa written by and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Parasite Complex of the Pea Aphid Acyrthosiphon Pisum Harris on Alfalfa in Western Oregon written by Alfred Gordon Dickie and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study was initiated in the Spring of 1966 for the purpose of determining the present status and effectiveness of imported parasitic wasps of the pea aphid in the Willamette Valley of western Oregon. The pea aphid is a serious pest throughout the pea and alfalfa growing regions of the United States and Canada. In the Willamette Valley of western Oregon it is common on alfalfa, red clover and vetch. Since the use of pesticides to control the pea aphid is attended by serious difficulties, it has long been felt that biological control methods are necessary. These rely on parasites to control the aphid populations. In recent years, the importation, augmentation and re. lease of small parasitic wasps belonging to the genus Aphidius has been done on a wide scale throughout the legume growing regions of North America. Beginning in 1961 several introductions were made locally in the Willamette Valley. The European species Aphidius avenae and Aphidius urticae (=Aphidius ervi ervi); and the eastern variety of the native parasite, Aphidius pisivorus (=Aphidius ervi pulcher) were released at the Hyslop Agronomy Experiment Farm near Corvallis in 1961. Recoveries of specimens identified as Aphidius pisivorus (=Aphidius ervi pulcher) were made at the Hyslop Farm in 1963. Releases of the Indian wasp Aphidius smithi were made at Dayton in Yamhill County in 1961 but no recoveries of this species were reported prior to the start of this investigation. Field data in regard to aphids, parasites, and predators were collected at weekly intervals from the experimental alfalfa plots at the Hyslop Agronomy Farm and the parasites from these collections were reared and identified. In addition to the Hyslop collections, parasites were collected and reared from other localities in the Willamette Valley which included the original release site of Aphidius smithi near Dayton. For purposes of comparison, experimental plots of alfalfa at Klamath Falls were also sampled on several occasions throughout the summer of 1966. The results of collections made in the Willamette Valley during the summer of 1966 showed that the imported Indian wasp Aphidius smithi was well established as a parasite of the pea aphid. The imported European species, Aphidius ervi ervi was also established but in much smaller numbers. The native variety, Aphidius ervi pulcher was rarely encountered and appears not to be exclusively specific on the pea aphid. In conjunction with other control factors, particularly predators, the Indian wasp is an effective control agent and has come to occupy a previously unfilled ecological niche in the pea aphid-parasitepredator complex in the Willamette Valley. A survey of the hyper-parasites indicated that they were of minor importance during the 1966 season.
Download or read book Vertical Transmission Dynamics of Pea Aphid Symbionts in Natural Settings written by Danielle Irene Rock and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several bacterial lineages contain members that are known only as symbionts of insects. The pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) harbors eight such bacterial symbionts, some of which have been shown to mediate interactions between aphids and natural enemies like parasitoids, predators and pathogens. These symbiotic relationships persist primarily through maternal transmission, with prior lab-based estimates suggesting near perfect passage of symbionts from mothers to offspring. Yet studies in other systems have noted imperfect maternal transfer of bacterial symbionts, with factors such as temperature and the presence of co-infecting microbes playing a role in this fidelity. Since the prevalence of symbionts in natural host populations will depend on their transmission efficiencies and effects on the hosts' fitness, it is important to understand transmission in a more natural context. In the pea aphid system, transmission rates could conceivably vary between symbiont species, across seasons, or based on the presence of co-infecting symbiont species. This would have implications for the known seasonal dynamics of these symbionts and their overall prevalence in aphid populations. In this study, we performed field sampling, lab rearing and extensive PCR screening to help identify transmission efficiency of pea aphid symbionts. Observations indicate imperfect maternal transfer in the field. While we find no strong evidence for an impact of temperature on transmission rates, the identities of co-infecting symbionts have a large impact on the efficiency of maternal transfer. Interestingly, symbionts living together often in the field appeared to improve each others' transmission upon coinfection. In contrast, pairings of rare symbiont partners were associated with reduced rates of transfer. In particular, results show statistically significant differences in transmission rates for Rickettsiella and Serratia inhabiting a pea aphid with and without the presence of Serratia and Rickettsiella, respectively. Evidence also suggests the presence of Spiroplasma in pea aphid microbiomes decreases transmission efficiency of other pea aphid facultative endosymbionts. Given the roles of these symbionts in aphid defense, and the frequent occurrence of inherited, defensive symbionts across plants and invertebrates, our findings on natural symbiont transmission dynamics in pea aphids could have broader implications of importance for many economically, medically, and agriculturally important organisms.
