Download or read book Study of the Effect of Water in Steam Reforming Reaction and Development of a Stable and Active Nickel Based Catalyst written by Md Mahfuzur Rahman and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Production of Biofuels and Chemicals with Bifunctional Catalysts written by Zhen Fang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-27 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides state-of-the-art reviews, current research, prospects and challenges of the production of biofuels and chemicals such as furanic biofuels, biodiesel, carboxylic acids, polyols and others from lignocellulosic biomass, furfurals, syngas and γ-valerolactone with bifunctional catalysts, including catalytic, and combined biological and chemical catalysis processes. The bifunctionality of catalytic materials is a concept of not only using multifunctional solid materials as activators, but also design of materials in such a way that the catalytic materials have synergistic characteristics that promote a cascade of transformations with performance beyond that of mixed mono-functional catalysts. This book is a reference designed for researchers, academicians and industrialists in the area of catalysis, energy, chemical engineering and biomass conversion. Readers will find the wealth of information contained in chapters both useful and essential, for assessing the production and application of various biofuels and chemicals by chemical catalysis and biological techniques.
Download or read book Investigation of Active Sites and Reaction Networks in Catalytic Hydrogen Production written by Sittichai Natesakhawat and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Steam reforming (SR) of hydrocarbons and water-gas shift (WGS) are of importance in hydrogen generation technologies due to recent attention focusing on fuel cells. Current research efforts have focused on catalyst development to improve activity, selectivity, and stability under a realistic range of operating conditions. Although coke formation is a major concern for Ni-based catalysts when used for hydrocarbon steam reforming, their low cost and long-proven performance warrants further investigation. Moreover, hydrogen and fuel cell technologies will greatly benefit from innovative high-temperature shift (HTS) catalyst formulations that can overcome some serious drawbacks (i.e., low activity at low temperatures, sintering of magnetite (Fe3O4), a pyrophoric nature, and the harmful effects of Cr6+ on human health). In this Ph. D. study, lanthanide-promoted Ni/Al2O3 catalysts and Fe-based catalysts promoted with first row transition metals were synthesized by a modified sol-gel technique and a coprecipitation method, respectively. The effect of synthesis variables on the catalyst properties (i.e., BET surface area, reducibility, crystallite size, crystal structure, oxidation states, adsorption/desorption behavior, and surface intermediates during the reaction) and, in turn, on the catalytic performance in SR of lower alkanes and the WGS reaction has been investigated. Catalysts were characterized by BET surface area and pore size distribution measurements, temperature-programmed desorption/reduction/oxidation (TPD/TPR/TPO), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), static chemisorption, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The introduction of small amounts (2 wt%) of Ce and Yb in sol-gel Ni/Al2O3 catalysts improves SR activity significantly by enhancing Ni surface area, reducibility of Ni species, and Ni sintering resistance. In addition, the incorporation of Ce in Ni/Al2O3 catalysts results in the reduction of carbon dissolution/diffusion through nickel crystallites, thus preventing catalyst deactivation by coke formation. Formulations of highly active and Cr-free HTS catalysts can be achieved by adding both Al and Cu. The activity of Fe-based catalysts is strongly related to catalyst reducibility, magnetite crystallite size, and redox characteristics. More detailed characterization has provided additional insights into phase transformations, surface intermediates, and reaction/deactivation mechanisms, giving further evidence of the modification of the properties and performance of catalysts through optimized synthesis.
Download or read book New and Future Developments in Catalysis written by Steven L Suib and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-07-13 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New and Future Developments in Catalysis is a package of seven books that compile the latest ideas concerning alternate and renewable energy sources and the role that catalysis plays in converting new renewable feedstock into biofuels and biochemicals. Both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts and catalytic processes will be discussed in a unified and comprehensive approach. There will be extensive cross-referencing within all volumes.The use of catalysts in the nanoscale offers various advantages (increased efficiency and less byproducts), and these are discussed in this volume along with the various catalytic processes using nanoparticles. However, this is not without any risks and the safety aspects and effects on humans and the environment are still unknown. The present data as well as future needs are all part of this volume along with the economics involved. Offers in-depth coverage of all catalytic topics of current interest and outlines future challenges and research areas A clear and visual description of all parameters and conditions, enabling the reader to draw conclusions for a particular case Outlines the catalytic processes applicable to energy generation and design of green processes
Download or read book Nanoparticle Design and Characterization for Catalytic Applications in Sustainable Chemistry written by Rafael Luque and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2019-10-05 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an introduction to the preparation and characterisation of nanomaterials and their design for specific catalytic applications.
Download or read book Fuel Cells Technologies for Fuel Processing written by Dushyant Shekhawat and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-03-18 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fuel Cells: Technologies for Fuel Processing provides an overview of the most important aspects of fuel reforming to the generally interested reader, researcher, technologist, teacher, student, or engineer. The topics covered include all aspects of fuel reforming: fundamental chemistry, different modes of reforming, catalysts, catalyst deactivation, fuel desulfurization, reaction engineering, novel reforming concepts, thermodynamics, heat and mass transfer issues, system design, and recent research and development. While no attempt is made to describe the fuel cell itself, there is sufficient description of the fuel cell to show how it affects the fuel reformer. By focusing on the fundamentals, this book aims to be a source of information now and in the future. By avoiding time-sensitive information/analysis (e.g., economics) it serves as a single source of information for scientists and engineers in fuel processing technology. The material is presented in such a way that this book will serve as a reference for graduate level courses, fuel cell developers, and fuel cell researchers. Chapters written by experts in each area Extensive bibliography supporting each chapter Detailed index Up-to-date diagrams and full colour illustrations
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book PEM Water Electrolysis written by Dmitri Bessarabov and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-08-04 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PEM Water Electrolysis, a volume in the Hydrogen Energy and Fuel Cell Primers series presents the most recent advances in the field. It brings together information that has thus far been scattered in many different sources under one single title, making it a useful reference for industry professionals, researchers and graduate students. Volumes One and Two allow readers to identify technology gaps for commercially viable PEM electrolysis systems for energy applications and examine the fundamentals of PEM electrolysis and selected research topics that are top of mind for the academic and industry community, such as gas cross-over and AST protocols. The book lays the foundation for the exploration of the current industrial trends for PEM electrolysis, such as power to gas application and a strong focus on the current trends in the application of PEM electrolysis associated with energy storage. Presents the fundamentals and most current knowledge in proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers Explores the technology gaps and challenges for commercial deployment of PEM water electrolysis technologies Includes unconventional systems, such as ozone generators Brings together information from many different sources under one single title, making it a useful reference for industry professionals, researchers and graduate students alike
Download or read book Mechanistic Studies of Alcohol Steam Reforming Catalysts written by Eddie Martono and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Process Intensification for Sustainable Energy Conversion written by Fausto Gallucci and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-05-12 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the application of process intensification to sustainable energy production, combining two very topical subject areas. Due to the increasing process of petroleum, sustainable energy production technologies must be developed, for example bioenergy, blue energy, chemical looping combustion, concepts for CO2 capture etc. Process intensification offers significant competitive advantages, because it provides more efficient processes, leading to outstanding cost reduction, increased productivity and more environment-friendly processes.
Download or read book Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Carbonate Fuel Cell Technology written by J. R. Selman and published by The Electrochemical Society. This book was released on 1997 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Synthesis Properties and Applications of Oxide Nanomaterials written by José A. Rodriguez and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-03-30 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current oxide nanomaterials knowledge to draw from and build on Synthesis, Properties, and Applications of Oxide Nanomaterials summarizes the existing knowledge in oxide-based materials research. It gives researchers one comprehensive resource that consolidates general theoretical knowledge alongside practical applications. Organized by topic for easy access, this reference: * Covers the fundamental science, synthesis, characterization, physicochemical properties, and applications of oxide nanomaterials * Explains the fundamental aspects (quantum-mechanical and thermodynamic) that determine the behavior and growth mode of nanostructured oxides * Examines synthetic procedures using top-down and bottom-up fabrication technologies involving liquid-solid or gas-solid transformations * Discusses the sophisticated experimental techniques and state-of-the-art theory used to characterize the structural and electronic properties of nanostructured oxides * Describes applications such as sorbents, sensors, ceramic materials, electrochemical and photochemical devices, and catalysts for reducing environmental pollution, transforming hydrocarbons, and producing hydrogen With its combination of theory and real-world applications plus extensive bibliographic references, Synthesis, Properties, and Applications of Oxide Nanomaterials consolidates a wealth of current, complex information in one volume for practicing chemists, physicists, and materials scientists, and for engineers and researchers in government, industry, and academia. It's also an outstanding reference for graduate students in chemistry, chemical engineering, physics, and materials science.
Download or read book In situ and Theoretical Studies for the Dissociation of Water on an Active Ni CeO2 Catalyst written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water dissociation is crucial in many catalytic reactions on oxide-supported transition-metal catalysts. Here, supported by experimental and density-functional theory results, we elucidate the effect of the support on O-H bond cleavage activity for nickel/ceria systems. Ambient-pressure O1s photoemission spectra at low Ni loadings on CeO2(111) reveal a substantially larger amount of OH groups as compared to the bare support. Our computed activation energy barriers for water dissociation show an enhanced reactivity of Ni adatoms on CeO2(111) compared with pyramidal Ni4 particles with one Ni atom not in contact with the support, and extended Ni(111) surfaces. At the origin of this support effect is the ability of ceria to stabilize oxidized Ni2 species by accommodating electrons in localized f-states. The fast dissociation of water on Ni/CeO2 has a dramatic effect on the activity and stability of this system as a catalyst for the water-gas shift and ethanol steam reforming reactions.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 738 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Download or read book Sustainable Development for Energy Power and Propulsion written by Ashoke De and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-03 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprises state-of-the-art advances in energy, combustion, power, propulsion, environment, focusing on the production and utilization of fossil fuels, alternative fuels and biofuels. It is written by internationally renowned experts who provide the latest fundamental and applied research innovations on cleaner energy production as well as utilization for a wide range of devices extending from micro scale energy conversion to hypersonic propulsion using hydrocarbon fuels. The tailored technical tracks and contributions are portrayed in the respective field to highlight different but complementary views on fuels, combustion, power and propulsion and air toxins with special focus on current and future R&D needs and activities. This book will serve as a useful reference for practicing engineers, research engineers and managers in industry and research labs, academic institutions, graduate students, and final year undergraduate students in mechanical, chemical, aerospace, energy, and environmental engineering.
Download or read book Chemical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 2726 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ambient Pressure XPS and IRRAS Investigation of Ethanol Steam Reforming on Ni CeO2 111 Catalysts written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ambient-Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (AP-XPS) and Infrared Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy (AP-IRRAS) have been used to elucidate the active sites and mechanistic steps associated with the ethanol steam reforming reaction (ESR) over Ni-CeO2(111) model catalysts. Our results reveal that surface layers of the ceria substrate are both highly reduced and hydroxylated under reaction conditions while the small supported Ni nanoparticles are present as Ni0/NixC. A multifunctional, synergistic role is highlighted in which Ni, CeOx and the interface provide an ensemble effect in the active chemistry that leads to H2. Ni0 is the active phase leading to both C-C and C-H bond cleavage in ethanol and it is also responsible for carbon accumulation. On the other hand, CeOx is important for the deprotonation of ethanol/water to ethoxy and OH intermediates. The active state of CeOx is a Ce3+(OH)x compound that results from extensive reduction by ethanol and the efficient dissociation of water. Additionally, we gain an important insight into the stability and selectivity of the catalyst by its effective water dissociation, where the accumulation of surface carbon can be mitigated by the increased presence of surface OH groups. As a result, the co-existence and cooperative interplay of Ni0 and Ce3+(OH)x through a metal-support interaction facilitate oxygen transfer, activation of ethanol/water as well as the removal of coke.
