Download or read book Study of the Critical Point in Lattice QCD at High Temperature and Density written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We propose a method to probe the nature of phase transitions in lattice QCD at finite temperature and density, which is based on the investigation of an effective potential as a function of the average plaquette. We analyze data obtained in a simulation of two-flavor QCD using p4-improved staggered quarks with bare quark mass m/T = 0.4, and find that a first order phase transition line appears in the high density regime for [mu]{sub q}/T ≈> 2.5. The effective potential as a function of the quark number density is also studied. We calculate the chemical potential as a function of the density from the canonical partition function and discuss the existence of the first order phase transition line.
Download or read book LATTICE QCD AT FINITE TEMPERATURE AND DENSITY written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the operation of the RHIC heavy ion program, the theoretical understanding of QCD at finite temperature and density has become increasingly important. Though QCD at finite temperature has been extensively studied using lattice Monte-Carlo simulations over the past twenty years, most physical questions relevant for RHIC (and future) heavy ion experiments remain open. In lattice QCD at finite temperature and density there have been at least two major advances in recent years. First, for the first time calculations of real time quantities, like meson spectral functions have become available. Second, the lattice study of the QCD phase diagram and equation of state have been extended to finite baryon density by several groups. Both issues were extensively discussed in the course of the workshop. A real highlight was the study of the QCD phase diagram in (T, [mu])-plane by Z. Fodor and S. Katz and the determination of the critical end-point for the physical value of the pion mass. This was the first time such lattice calculations at, the physical pion mass have been performed. Results by Z Fodor and S. Katz were obtained using a multi-parameter re-weighting method. Other determinations of the critical end point were also presented, in particular using a Taylor expansion around[mu]= 0 (Bielefeld group, Ejiri et al.) and using analytic continuation from imaginary chemical potential (Ph. de Forcrand and O. Philipsen). The result based on Taylor expansion agrees within errors with the new prediction of Z. Fodor and S. Katz, while methods based on analytic continuation still predict a higher value for the critical baryon density. Most of the thermodynamics studies in full QCD (including those presented at this workshop) have been performed using quite coarse lattices, a= 0.2-0.3 fm. Therefore one may worry about cutoff effects in different thermodynamic quantities, like the transition temperature T[sub tr]. At the workshop U. Heller presented a study of the transition temperature for three different lattice spacings and performed a continuum extrapolation of T[sub tr] for the first time. Lattice calculations of the meson spectral functions were presented by M. Asakawa, S. Datta, E. Laermann and H. Matsufuru. These show that charmonia ground states ([eta][sub c] and J/[psi]) continue to exist in the plasma at least up to a temperature of 1.7 T[sub tr]. At what temperature charmonia states cease to exist is not yet clear. Calculations presented by M. Asakawa show dissolution of the J/[psi] at T= 1.7 T[sub tr], while the analysis presented H. Matsufuru provided evidence that ground state charmonia still exist at this temperature. S. Datta argued that the ground state charmonia is likely to dissolve only for temperatures T> 2.25 T[sub tr], while the P-states are dissociated at, 1.1 T[sub tr]. It is also very interesting that, even in the case of light quarks, meson spectral functions show a resonance-like structure in the plasma phase (talk by E. Laermann). Finally attempts to calculate transport properties in the Quark Gluon Plasma were presented by S. Gupta. The workshop devoted special attention to the finite temperature modification of inter-quark forces and color screening, another area where considerable progress has been made in recent years (talks by 0. Kaczmarek, K. Petrov, O. Philipsen and F. Zantow). Many other new theoretical developments which cannot be discussed here were also presented on the workshop. Altogether the workshop was a great success, for which we thank all the participants.
Download or read book Properties of QCD Matter at High Baryon Density written by Xiaofeng Luo and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-01-01 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the discussions by renown researchers on questions emerged during transition from the relativistic heavy-ion collider (RHIC) to the future electron ion collider (EIC). Over the past two decades, the RHIC has provided a vast amount of data over a wide range of the center of mass energies. What are the scientific priorities, after RHIC is shut down and turned to the future EIC? What should be the future focuses of the high-energy nuclear collisions? What are thermodynamic properties of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) at large baryon density? Where is the phase boundary between quark-gluon-plasma and hadronic matter at high baryon density? How does one make connections from thermodynamics learned in high-energy nuclear collisions to astrophysical topics, to name few, the inner structure of compact stars, and perhaps more interestingly, the dynamical processes of the merging of neutron stars? While most particle physicists are interested in Dark Matter, we should focus on the issues of Visible Matter! Multiple heavy-ion accelerator complexes are under construction: NICA at JINR (4 ~ 11 GeV), FAIR at GSI (2 ~ 4.9 GeV SIS100), HIAF at IMP (2 ~ 4 GeV). In addition, the heavy-ion collision has been actively discussed at the J-PARC. The book is a collective work of top researchers from the field where some of the above-mentioned basic questions will be addressed. We believe that answering those questions will certainly advance our understanding of the phase transition in early universe as well as its evolution that leads to today's world of nature.
Download or read book Hot Summer Daze Proceeding Of The Bnl Summer Study On Qcd At Nonzero Temperature And Density written by A Gocksch and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1992-03-31 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The articles in this book review recent developments in the microscopic theory of optical and electronic semiconductor properties. Many advances in this active field are intimately related to the work of Hartmut Haug and his coworkers. At the occasion of Haug's 60th birthday, a number of current and/or former members of his research team review the current state-of-the-art. Topics include the quantum kinetics of electrons, phonons and photons, coherent optical effects, quantum transport, ballistic motion, microscopic semiconductor laser theory with special emphasis on microlasers, symmetry aspects of laser excited semiconductors, as well as a review of the two-dimensional Wigner crystal in a strong magnetic field. The articles present the material in sufficient detail to be understandable by advanced graduate students and researchers who have a good background in quantum mechanics.
Download or read book The CBM Physics Book written by Bengt Friman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-03-10 with total page 973 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This exhaustive survey is the result of a four year effort by many leading researchers in the field to produce both a readable introduction and a yardstick for the many upcoming experiments using heavy ion collisions to examine the properties of nuclear matter. The books falls naturally into five large parts, first examining the bulk properties of strongly interacting matter, including its equation of state and phase structure. Part II discusses elementary hadronic excitations of nuclear matter, Part III addresses the concepts and models regarding the space-time dynamics of nuclear collision experiments, Part IV collects the observables from past and current high-energy heavy-ion facilities in the context of the theoretical predictions specific to compressed baryonic matter. Part V finally gives a brief description of the experimental concepts. The book explicitly addresses everyone working or planning to enter the field of high-energy nuclear physics.
Download or read book The critical points of lattice QCD with a non zero quark density written by Maria-Paola Lombardo and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Exploring the Critical Phenomenon in the QCD Phase Diagram at STAR written by Roli Esha and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main goal of high-energy heavy-ion collisions has been to understand Quantum Chromo Dynamics (QCD) under extreme temperature and baryon densities. At ordinary temperatures, the quarks and gluons are confined within hadrons, but at very high temperatures and densities, we have a deconfined phase of quarks and gluons, the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP). Over the past years, evidence for the distinct phases of QGP and hadron gas has been established experimentally. Fluctuations and correlations have been considered as sensitive observables to explore the phases of the strongly interacting QCD matter, namely the QGP phase and the Hadron Gas phase, as they can provide essential information about the effective degrees of freedom. The main goal of this thesis is exploring the critical phenomenon in QCD phase diagram. In this thesis, we have studied two main aspects of the QCD phase diagram, namely, the crossover at small baryon chemical potential and signatures of local parton density fluctuation near the critical point within the framework of the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Phase transitions and/or critical phenomena are known to lead to local density fluctuations. In the coalescence mechanism of particle production, the baryon formation probability can be influenced by these local parton density fluctuations, thereby leading to clusters and voids in the phase-space distribution of hadrons. In order to probe the density fluctuation in heavy-ion collisions, we studied the distribution of the ratio of particles in a given angular region to the total number of particles produced. We expect the shape of this distribution to be sensitive to clustering in phase space. For the first part, we measured the cumulants of this self-normalized distribution using the data from Au+Au collisions from the STAR Beam Energy Scan program to probe baryon density fluctuations. Lattice QCD is a well-established non-perturbative approach to solve the theory of quarks and gluons exactly from first principles. However, these calculations are exact only at zero baryon chemical potential ($\mu_B$). In order to explore the phenomenon at finite $\mu_B$, these calculations are extended using Taylor expansion about $\mu_B = 0$. A constraint on the equation of state from Lattice QCD can be achieved by using the ratio of the sixth-order to the second-order baryon susceptibilities. In addition, Lattice QCD also predicts that the ratio of the sixth-order to second-order cumulants of baryon number remains negative at the chiral transition temperature. For the second part, we measured of the sixth-order cumulant for the net-proton (proxy for net-baryon) multiplicity distribution for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV (which corresponds to $\mu_B \sim 20$ MeV) for the high statistics run in the year 2014. Unfortunately, the higher-order cumulants are very sensitive to experimental artifacts that one has to deal with in the analysis of heavy-ion collision data. The factorial moment method, which is used to account for the effect of detector efficiency, assumes the underlying detector response function to be a Binomial distribution. In order to account for non-Binomial detector responses and multiplicity-dependent efficiency, we developed an unfolding approach to measure efficiency-corrected higher-order cumulants of event-by-event distribution of physical variables.
Download or read book LATTICE QCD AT HIGH TEMPERATURE AND THE QGP written by F. KARSCH and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We review recent progress in studies of bulk thermodynamics of strongly interacting matter, present results on the QCD equation of state and discuss the status of studies of the phase diagram at non-vanishing quark chemical potential.
Download or read book The Deconfinement Transition of QCD written by Claudia Ratti and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-14 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last few years, numerical simulations of QCD on the lattice have reached a new level of accuracy. A wide range of thermodynamic quantities is now available in the continuum limit and for physical quark masses. This allows a comparison with measurements from heavy ion collisions for the first time. Furthermore, calculations of dynamical quantities are also becoming available. The combined effort from first principles and experiment allows to gain an unprecedented understanding of the properties of quark-gluon plasma. This concise text, geared towards postgraduate students and newcomers to the field, carefully introduces and reviews the state-of-the-art techniques and results from lattice simulations and connects them to the experimental information from RHIC and the LHC.
Download or read book Deconfinement Critical Point of Lattice QCD with Nf written by Francesca Cuteri and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Lattice QCD for Nuclear Physics written by Huey-Wen Lin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-21 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With ever increasing computational resources and improvements in algorithms, new opportunities are emerging for lattice gauge theory to address key questions in strongly interacting systems, such as nuclear matter. Calculations today use dynamical gauge-field ensembles with degenerate light up/down quarks and the strange quark and it is possible now to consider including charm-quark degrees of freedom in the QCD vacuum. Pion masses and other sources of systematic error, such as finite-volume and discretization effects, are beginning to be quantified systematically. Altogether, an era of precision calculation has begun and many new observables will be calculated at the new computational facilities. The aim of this set of lectures is to provide graduate students with a grounding in the application of lattice gauge theory methods to strongly interacting systems and in particular to nuclear physics. A wide variety of topics are covered, including continuum field theory, lattice discretizations, hadron spectroscopy and structure, many-body systems, together with more topical lectures in nuclear physics aimed a providing a broad phenomenological background. Exercises to encourage hands-on experience with parallel computing and data analysis are included.
Download or read book THERMODYNAMICS OF TWO FLAVOR LATTICE QCD WITH AN IMPROVED WILSON QUARK ACTION AT NON ZERO TEMPERATURE AND DENSITY written by Y. MAEZAWA and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors report the current status of the systematic studies of the QCD thermodynamics by lattice QCD simulations with two flavors of improved Wilson quarks. They evaluate the critical temperature of two flavor QCD in the chiral limit at zero chemical potential and show the preliminary result. Also they discuss fluctuations at none-zero temperature and density by calculating the quark number and isospin susceptibilities and their derivatives with respect to chemical potential.
Download or read book Modern Perspectives in Lattice QCD Quantum Field Theory and High Performance Computing written by Laurent Lellouch and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2011-08-25 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is based on the lectures delivered at the XCIII Session of the École de Physique des Houches, held in August, 2009. The aim of the event was to familiarize the new generation of PhD students and postdoctoral fellows with the principles and methods of modern lattice field theory, which aims to resolve fundamental, non-perturbative questions about QCD without uncontrolled approximations. The emphasis of the book is on the theoretical developments that have shaped the field in the last two decades and that have turned lattice gauge theory into a robust approach to the determination of low energy hadronic quantities and of fundamental parameters of the Standard Model. By way of introduction, the lectures begin by covering lattice theory basics, lattice renormalization and improvement, and the many faces of chirality. A later course introduces QCD at finite temperature and density. A broad view of lattice computation from the basics to recent developments was offered in a corresponding course. Extrapolations to physical quark masses and a framework for the parameterization of the low-energy physics by means of effective coupling constants is covered in a lecture on chiral perturbation theory. Heavy-quark effective theories, an essential tool for performing the relevant lattice calculations, is covered from its basics to recent advances. A number of shorter courses round out the book and broaden its purview. These included recent applications to the nucleon—nucleon interation and a course on physics beyond the Standard Model.
Download or read book Quark gluon Plasma And Heavy Ion Collisions Procs Of A Meeting Held In The Framework Of The Activities Of Giselda The Italian Working Group On Strong Interactions written by Wanda Maria Alberico and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2002-09-23 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers the unique possibility of tackling the problem of hadronic deconfinement from different perspectives. After general introductions to the physical issues, from both the theoretical and the experimental point of view, the book presents the most recent expertise on field theory approaches to the QCD phase diagram, many-body techniques and applications, the dynamics of phase transitions, and phenomenological analysis of relativistic heavy ion collisions.One of the major goals of this book is to promote interchange among those fields of research, which have traditionally been cultivated by different communities of physicists. The contributions in the book help in obtaining deep comprehension of this new state of matter, a system of deconfined quarks and gluons. At the same time the book offers a few examples of how the seeds of the deconfined state are looked for in the phenomenological analysis of the observables measured in relativistic heavy ion collisions. The main topics are dealt with in a pedagogical style, suitable for beginners as well as experienced researchers.
Download or read book Physics at the Large Hadron Collider written by Amitava Datta and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-05-30 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In an epoch when particle physics is awaiting a major step forward, the Large Hydron Collider (LHC) at CERN, Geneva will soon be operational. It will collide a beam of high energy protons with another similar beam circulation in the same 27 km tunnel but in the opposite direction, resulting in the production of many elementary particles some never created in the laboratory before. It is widely expected that the LHC will discover the Higgs boson, the particle which supposedly lends masses to all other fundamental particles. In addition, the question as to whether there is some new law of physics at such high energy is likely to be answered through this experiment. The present volume contains a collection of articles written by international experts, both theoreticians and experimentalists, from India and abroad, which aims to acquaint a non-specialist with some basic issues related to the LHC. At the same time, it is expected to be a useful, rudimentary companion of introductory exposition and technical expertise alike, and it is hoped to become unique in its kind. The fact that there is substantial Indian involvement in the entire LHC endeavour, at all levels including fabrication, physics analysis procedures as well as theoretical studies, is also amply brought out in the collection.
Download or read book Lattice Methods for Quantum Chromodynamics written by Thomas DeGrand and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2006 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At a time of robust worldwide debates on globalization, this compact volume shows: how successful each of the East Asian economies have been in harnessing globalization by appropriate and alternative means to catch up with the advanced economies; and what implications can be drawn to assess Chinese economic growth in context. The essays in this book include supporting notes to review effectively the highlights of the development of East Asia, over the six decades after World War II: why the region has performed so well economically relative to the rest of the developing world; which are the most challenging limitations to be addressed; and several sensational controversies in the development economics literature to be sensibly resolved.
Download or read book Phenomenology of Ultra relativistic Heavy ion Collisions written by and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2010 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An introduction to the main ideas used in the physics of ultra-realistic heavy-ion collisions, this book covers topics such as hot and dense matter and the formation of the quark-gluon plasma in present and future heavy-ion experiments
