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Book Study of Longitudinal Neurodegeneration Biomarkers to Support the Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer s Disease

Download or read book Study of Longitudinal Neurodegeneration Biomarkers to Support the Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer s Disease written by Giovana Gavidia Bovadilla and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a progressive and neurodegenerative disorder characterized by pathological brain changes starting several years before clinical symptoms appear. Earlier and accurate identification of those brain structures changes can help to improve diagnosis and monitoring, allowing that future treatments target the disease in its earliest stages, before irreversible brain damage or mental decline takes place. The brain of AD subjects shrinks significantly as the disease progress. Furthermore, ageing is the major risk factor for sporadic AD, older brains being more susceptible than young or middle-aged ones. However, seemingly healthy elderly brains lose matter in regions related to AD. Likewise, similar changes can also be found in subjects having mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which is a symptomatic pre-dementia phase of AD. This work proposes two methods based on statistical learning methods, which are focused on characterising the ageing-related changes in brain structures of healthy elderly controls (HC), MCI and AD subjects, and addressing the estimation of the current diagnosis (ECD) of HC, MCI and AD, as well as the prediction of future diagnosis (PFD) of these groups mainly focused on the early diagnosis of conversion from MCI to AD. Data correspond to longitudinal neurodegeneration measurements from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) images. These biomarkers were obtained from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) and the Open Access Series of Imaging Studies (OASIS). ADNI data includes MRI biomarkers available at a 5-year follow up on HC, MCI and AD subjects, while OASIS data only includes biomarkers measured at baseline on HC and AD. In the first method, called M-res, variant (vr) and quasi-variant (qvr) biomarkers were identified on HC subjects by using a Linear Mixed Effects (LME) approach on males and females, separately. Then, we built an ageing-based null model, which would characterise the normal atrophy and growth patterns of vr and qvr biomarkers, as well as the correlation between them. By using the null model on those subjects who had been clinically diagnosed as HC, MCI or AD, normal age-related changes were estimated, and then, their deviation scores (residuals) from the observed MRI-based biomarkers were computed. In contrast to M-res, the second method, called M-raw, is focused on directly analyzing the raw MRI-based biomarkers values stratified by five-year age groups. M-raw includes a differential diagnosis-specific feature selection (FS) method, which is applied before classification. In both methods, the differential diagnosis problem was addressed by building Support Vector Machines (SVM) models to carry out three main experiments—AD vs. HC, MCI vs. HC, and AD vs. MCI. In M-res, the SVM models were trained by using as input the residuals computed for the vr biomarkers plus the age, whereas in M-raw, we used the pool of selected features plus age, gender and years of education. The advancement of early disease prediction was calculated as the average number of years advanced in the PFD of the subjects concerning the last known clinical diagnosis. Finally, the ability of both methods to correctly discriminate AD vs. HC subjects was evaluated and compared by testing them on OASIS subjects observed at baseline. Results confirm accelerated or reduced estimates of decline in all cortical biomarkers with increasing age and a frontotemporal pattern of atrophy in HC subjects, as well as in MCI and AD. Regarding the ECD problem, all SVM models obtained better results than comparable methods in the literature for most classification quality indicators, especially on AD vs. HC. Both methods also improve the PFD given the current clinical tests, both in prediction quality indicators and the amount of time by which the diagnosis is advanced.

Book Clinical use of biomarkers for neurodegenerative disorders

Download or read book Clinical use of biomarkers for neurodegenerative disorders written by Manuel Menéndez-González and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2014-12-03 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders is increasing dramatically and one of the major challenges today is the need of early and accurate diagnosis, the other is the need of more effective therapies -in turn the development of such therapies also requires early and accurate diagnosis-. The main hope for an earlier and more accurate diagnosis comes from the use of biomarkers. Much research is being done trying to solve the many interrogates related to the role of biomarkers in clinical practice, including the early diagnosis, differential diagnosis and follow-up of neurodegenerative disorders. This is a field where translational research is intense enough to make this topic interesting for basic researchers and clinicians. Indeed, the amount and quality of articles received in response to the call for contributions was very good. This eBook contains a good amount of high quality articles devoted to diverse techniques across several neurodegenerative disorders from different perspectives, including original reports, reviews, methods reports and opinion letters on biochemical biomarkers in biological fluids, neuroimaging techniques and multidimensional approaches linking clinical findings with biomarkers. The disorders covered are also diverse: Alzheimer’s disease, Frontotemporal Dementia, Dementia with Lewy Bodies, Huntington’s disease, Parkinson’s disease among others. As we can learn from articles in this Research Topic, biomarkers are allowing us to expand the knowledge on the biological and anatomical basis of neurodegenerative diseases and to implement diagnostic techniques in clinical practice and clinical trials.

Book Biomarkers in Alzheimer s Disease

Download or read book Biomarkers in Alzheimer s Disease written by Tapan Khan and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-08-02 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease provides a comprehensive overview of all modalities of Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers, including neuroimaging, cerebrospinal fluid, genomic, and peripheral systems. Each chapter integrates molecular/cellular abnormality due to Alzheimer’s disease and technological advancement of biomarkers techniques. The book is ideal for clinical neuroscience and molecular/cellular neuroscience researchers, psychiatrists, and allied healthcare practitioners involved in the diagnosis and management of patients with cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease, and for differential diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease with other non-Alzheimer’s dementia. Presents a comprehensive overview detailing all modalities of Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers Written for neuroscience researchers and clinicians studying or treating patients with Alzheimer’s Disease Integrates, in each chapter, the molecular/cellular abnormality due to Alzheimer’s disease and the technological advancement of biomarkers techniques

Book Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers

Download or read book Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers written by Charlotte E. Teunissen and published by Humana. This book was released on 2022-05-19 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume covers the latest methods used in clinical neurochemistry laboratories for both clinical practice and research. Chapters in this book discuss topics such as techniques for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection, pre-analytical processing, and basic CSF analysis; an examination of biomarkers including ELISA and automated immunochemical assays for amyloid and tau markers for Alzheimer’s disease; the analysis of neurofilaments by digital ELISA; and an example of successful novel immunoassay development. In the Neuromethods series style, chapters include the kind of detail and key advice from the specialists needed to get successful results in your laboratory. Cutting-edge and thorough, Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers is a valuable resource for clinicians and researchers to use in CSF labs and CSF courses.

Book Evaluating Digital Cognitive Biomarkers as a Noninvasive Diagnostic Tool for Alzheimer s Disease

Download or read book Evaluating Digital Cognitive Biomarkers as a Noninvasive Diagnostic Tool for Alzheimer s Disease written by Kasey Corripio and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting over 35 million people. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for improving outcomes. Digital Cognitive Biomarkers (DCBs) offer a promising approach for early detection and disease management, quantifying cognitive processes of encoding and retrieval through a hierarchical Bayesian cognitive processing model using wordlist memory tests. We hypothesize that DCBs will correlate with classic AD cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers (A[beta]42, T-tau, p-tau) in patients with varying cognitive decline levels compared to healthy elderly controls. Using Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) data and paired Pearson correlation coefficient analysis, our results support the hypothesis, indicating that DCBs correlate with CSF biomarkers and demonstrating their potential as a noninvasive diagnostic tool for AD. Furthermore, DCBs exhibited improved diagnostic accuracy compared to classic AD CSF biomarkers, as indicated by the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis. DCBs hold promise for monitoring disease progression, response to therapeutics, and identifying patients at earlier disease stages. Future research should validate these findings in diverse populations and conduct longitudinal studies to assess DCBs' potential in tracking disease progression and treatment response. Integrating DCBs with other diagnostic approaches, such as neuroimaging, could enhance overall AD diagnosis accuracy and provide a comprehensive understanding of an individual's cognitive health. In conclusion, DCBs may offer a valuable, noninvasive tool for early diagnosis and management of Alzheimer's Disease, supporting the initial hypothesis.

Book Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer s Disease

Download or read book Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer s Disease written by Daniela Galimberti and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2008 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the deposition into the brain of amyloid peptide, which originates a cascade of inflammatory events leading eventually to neuronal death. These pathological events likely occur several years before the clinical manifestation of the disease, implying that potential therapeutical interventions are currently started too late to give beneficial results. Recently, growing attention has been paid to the Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), considered the prodromal phase of AD, as 80% of subjects with MCI have been shown to develop AD within 5 years. Several studies aimed to identify biological markers to differentiate between normal aging and incipient AD have been carried out, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis and neuroimaging. In particular, the evaluation of CSF Amyloid beta (1-42) levels, together with tau and phospotau, are of help for recognizing early AD. Besides, a number of additional molecules are altered in CSF. Other early modifications have been observed in peripheral cells, such as fibroblasts and leukocytes, as well as in serum from patients. Biomarkers for AD represent important tools supporting the clinical diagnosis and the choice of potential therapeutic options. Moreover, they would be of great help for the selection of cohorts of homogeneous patients for clinical trials with new disease-modifying compounds. This book is aimed to give an update about MCI as prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD), to discuss the main known pathological mechanisms at the basis of AD and to describe the possible biomarkers to be used for an early diagnosis of the disease.

Book Biomarkers of Alzheimer s Disease  The Present and the Future

Download or read book Biomarkers of Alzheimer s Disease The Present and the Future written by Sylvain Lehmann and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-11-10 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alzheimer disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by significant cognitive deficits, behavioral changes, sleep disorders and loss of functional autonomy. AD represents the main cause of dementia and has become a major public health issue. In addition, the number of patients suffering from AD is growing rapidly as the population ages worldwide. Memory impairment is usually the earliest clinical and core symptom of this disease. The diagnosis at a late clinical stage is relatively easy. However, a delay in the diagnosis is damageable for the handling of patients in terms of optimal medical and social care. The actual interest of the scientific head-ways is to optimize the diagnosis in prodromal stage of the disease and to propose personalized therapeutic solutions to individual patients. New revised AD diagnostic criteria include early alteration of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers: decrease of amyloïd peptides (Aβ42), and increase in tau and phosphorylated-tau (p-tau) protein concentration. This recognition of CSF biological biomarkers for the diagnosis of AD is a major step towards the “molecular” diagnosis and follow-up of the disease. Many issues are however still subject of debate. This e-book provides a comprehensive overview of the state of the art of fluid biomarkers for AD, e.g. which novel biomarkers should be implemented in clinical practice for diagnosis or for monitoring treatment or side effects, which ones are new for AD or related dementias or what is the potential of peripheral blood markers. Moreover, the e-Book provides practical guidelines how to optimally and efficiently develop and validate novel biomarker assays, and to document and control pre-analytical variation.

Book Atlas of Biomarkers for Alzheimer s Disease

Download or read book Atlas of Biomarkers for Alzheimer s Disease written by Manuel Menéndez González and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-07 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A lot of research on biomarkers for Alzheimer is being done in the last few decades. The aim of these studies is to find some method to ease the diagnosis of Alzheimers as early as possible. Such methods are a range of blood or CSF tests on one hand and several types of neuroimaging scans on the other. Many of the images coming both from laboratory and neuroimaging are very visual and illustrative. These images, accompanied by a short description, can perfectly explain the main results and usefulness of every biomarker. The objective of this book would be to summarize the most important studies made in this field. Few publications have systematically compiled results on this topic and only one as an atlas. Readers would be interested in this publication because it allows reviewing the current status of research by handily visualizing the results.

Book Imaging and Multiomic Biomarker Applications

Download or read book Imaging and Multiomic Biomarker Applications written by Yongxia Zhou and published by Nova Medicine & Health. This book was released on 2021-01-20 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The well-known Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) Center provides the most advanced, comprehensive, multiparametric and up-to-date biomarkers for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early Alzheimer's disease (AD) projects, including neuroimaging, clinical assessments, biospecimens and genetic data. Recent developments in imaging techniques, including new molecular tracers for imaging disease burden and systematic multi-modal integration, have emerged to overcome the limitations of each single modality and individual-dependent variability. The MRI-based high-resolution structural and morphological changes in the brain, such as atrophy, and the abnormal activity/connectivity patterns of the hippocampus subfields and default mode network (DMN) modulation, together with the amyloid and tau neuropathological quantification using PET molecular tracers, could be used to predict brain changes and cognitive performance declines in early AD, including transitional MCI. Finally, a generalized and integrative model with multiple biomarkers could be built to target disease progression and symptom prediction as well as to optimize patient management.Multiomics investigates metabolomic, lipidomic, genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic perspectives by presenting an accurate biochemical profile of the organism in health and disease. The Alzheimer's Disease Metabolomics Consortium (ADMC) in partnership with ADNI is creating a comprehensive biochemical database for patients in the ADNI1 cohort, consisting of eight metabolomics datasets. The vast majorities of biospecimen data provide rich biological information to the human brain at normal and dementia status. One of the purposes is to reveal the connections between disease and multiomics such as obesity, hypertension, cholesterol imbalance and inflammation risks that might lead to neurodegenerative disease. Multiomic biomarker developments in the dementia field have provided earlier clues to novel treatments that help correct metabolic dysfunction and delay disease progression. Furthermore, the assembling of multiomics-based biomarkers including metabolites and lipids, cholesterol biosynthesis, purine metabolism, lipoprotein, bile acids, and genetics as well as their relation to the pathological amyloid and tau network could improve disease diagnosis sensitivity and reveal more diverse and complementary molecular pathways to allow for the advancement of early AD diagnosis and therapeutic prevention. In this book, we report on the significant differences of multiple biomarkers from the ADNI database including neuroimaging, clinical assessments and multiomic biospecimen/genetic data in MCI and early probable AD (pAD), and elucidate the interconnections among different metrics at various domains. Classification results with high accuracies (0.95-1) for each early dementia subtype including early MCI (EMCI), late MCI (LMCI) and pAD, and better prediction of clinical symptoms is achieved with these comprehensive biomarkers. Further longitudinal changes of imaging and neuropsychological biomarkers, and inter-correlations with baseline parameters are examined for a better illustration of disease progression association. Additionally, an analysis of the post-traumatic stress disorder biomarkers is performed with high classification accuracy. With illustrative and rigorous data analyses and confirmative results, this book provides readers with a full spectrum of biomarker research for early dementia diagnosis and treatment, and helps convey the technical development and data evaluation perspectives in advanced medical imaging and various disease application fields.

Book Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer   s Disease

Download or read book Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer s Disease written by Leonard F. M. Scinto and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2000-02-09 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drs. Leonard Scinto and Kirk Daffner provide a comprehensive survey of new diagnostic approaches to Alzheimer's disease. The authoritative contributors critically survey the most promising current research on early diagnostic markers for Alzheimer's disease, including the elucidation of changes in the brain revealed by structural and functional neuroimaging, as well as the characteristic patterns of cognitive decline that are documented by sensitive neuropsychological tests, various genetic markers, and biological assays. Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease illuminates the complex issues surrounding the search for early markers of this increasingly widespread disease. It will establish a new standard reference guide for all those working with Alzheimer's patients.

Book MRI Measures of Neurodegeneration as Biomarkers of Alzheimer s Disease

Download or read book MRI Measures of Neurodegeneration as Biomarkers of Alzheimer s Disease written by Shannon Leigh Risacher and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common age-related neurodegenerative disease. Many researchers believe that an effective AD treatment will prevent the development of disease rather than treat the disease after a diagnosis. Therefore, the development of tools to detect AD-related pathology in early stages is an important goal. In this report, MRI-based markers of neurodegeneration are explored as biomarkers of AD. In the first chapter, the sensitivity of cross-sectional MRI biomarkers to neurodegenerative changes is evaluated in AD patients and in patients with a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a prodromal stage of AD. The results in Chapter 1 suggest that cross-sectional MRI biomarkers effectively measure neurodegeneration in AD and MCI patients and are sensitive to atrophic changes in patients who convert from MCI to AD up to 1 year before clinical conversion. Chapter 2 investigates longitudinal MRI-based measures of neurodegeneration as biomarkers of AD. In Chapter 2a, measures of brain atrophy rate in a cohort of AD and MCI patients are evaluated; whereas in Chapter 2b, these measures are assessed in a pre-MCI stage, namely older adults with cognitive complaints (CC) but no significant deficits. The results from Chapter 2 suggest that dynamic MRI-based measures of neurodegeneration are sensitive biomarkers for measuring progressive atrophy associated with the development of AD. In the final chapter, a novel biomarker for AD, visual contrast sensitivity, was evaluated. The results demonstrated contrast sensitivity impairments in AD and MCI patients, as well as slightly in CC participants. Impaired contrast sensitivity was also shown to be significantly associated with known markers of AD, including cognitive impairments and temporal lobe atrophy on MRI-based measures. The results of Chapter 3 support contrast sensitivity as a potential novel biomarker for AD and suggest that future studies are warranted. Overall, the results of this report support MRI-based measures of neurodegeneration as effective biomarkers for AD, even in early clinical and preclinical disease stages. Future therapeutic trials may consider utilizing these measures to evaluate potential treatment efficacy and mechanism of action, as well as for sample enrichment with patients most likely to rapidly progress towards AD.

Book Late Onset Schizophrenia

Download or read book Late Onset Schizophrenia written by Robert Howard and published by Routledge. This book was released on 1999 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Schizophrenia, which starts in middle age or late life, has been described as 'the darkest area of psychiatry.' It is certainly controversial, with much disagreement about cut-off ages, diagnostic criteria and nomenclature. The contributors to this unique and very important book represent views from Europe and North America as well as Australia, Japan, and Nepal; they come from backgrounds of clinical practice and research. The contributors and editors were motivated by common aims: to review current international knowledge about late onset schizophrenia, to debate issues of heterogenity, gender, brain maturation and aging, putative structural and functional cerebral substrates for psychosis, to reach consensus on diagnosis and terminology, and to future research directions. The resulting book is an unqualified success which as well as being invaluable in old age psychiatry, sheds light on all aspects of schizophrenia treatment and research.

Book Diseases of the Brain  Head and Neck  Spine 2020   2023

Download or read book Diseases of the Brain Head and Neck Spine 2020 2023 written by Juerg Hodler and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-14 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book offers an essential overview of brain, head and neck, and spine imaging. Over the last few years, there have been considerable advances in this area, driven by both clinical and technological developments. Written by leading international experts and teachers, the chapters are disease-oriented and cover all relevant imaging modalities, with a focus on magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. The book also includes a synopsis of pediatric imaging. IDKD books are rewritten (not merely updated) every four years, which means they offer a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art in imaging. The book is clearly structured and features learning objectives, abstracts, subheadings, tables and take-home points, supported by design elements to help readers navigate the text. It will particularly appeal to general radiologists, radiology residents, and interventional radiologists who want to update their diagnostic expertise, as well as clinicians from other specialties who are interested in imaging for their patient care.

Book Novel Biomarkers in Alzheimer s Disease

Download or read book Novel Biomarkers in Alzheimer s Disease written by Lisa Scott and published by . This book was released on 2022-09-20 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The neurochemical indicators which help in the assessment of risk or the presence of Alzheimer's disease are known as Alzheimer's disease biomarkers. They help in an early diagnosis as well as tracking the progress of the disease in a reliable manner. The analysis of biomarkers becomes vital to the management of this disease since the neuropathologic changes occur years before the symptoms are seen. The most important biomarker used for the detection of Alzheimer's disease is amyloid beta. One of the novel approaches towards research on Alzheimer's disease is the usage of autoantibody. These can be used as both biomarkers and for future treatment. This book elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to novel biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease. It will also provide interesting topics for research which interested readers can take up. Researchers and students in this field will be assisted by this book.

Book Longitudinal Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Alzheimer Disease

Download or read book Longitudinal Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Alzheimer Disease written by Courtney Sutphen and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease that slowly claims the memories and experiences that comprise the life experiences of individuals that suffer from the disease. Despite a continually accelerating pace of research and discovery, a viable therapeutic intervention for AD has yet to be realized. There are a multitude of factors that may contribute to this difficulty including the challenge of separating the overall disease of Alzheimer's from the clinically recognizable memory loss that occurs in what is now known to be the end-stage of the disease. Efforts to treat AD have increasingly turned toward very early disease states, before clinical signs and symptoms become apparent, as a number of clinical trials have failed to meet cognitive endpoints over the last 5-10 years -- potentially due to the sole recruitment of individuals already experiencing significant cognitive decline.One important aspect of AD treatment is identification. It is now recognized that the disease begins more than a decade before the signature symptoms of cognitive impairment become apparent. Identifying individuals in this "preclinical" disease state has become a primary focus of many investigators who believe that AD must be targeted and fought well before the clinical manifestations of memory impairment appear.Biomarkers, indicators of normal biological or pathological processes that may be studied as a means to give individuals a disease diagnosis, prognosis, or theragnosis -- provided a treatment is available for the disease in question -- are of paramount importance in many diseases. AD has proved a difficult target to nail down reliable, sensitive, and specific biomarkers. This is in part due to analytical difficulties in major, core biomarkers of disease and in part due to setbacks in clinical trials of promising therapeutic candidates.The current work begins with an overview of biomarker modalities used in AD; however, the primary focus is on protein biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CSF provides an intimate window to the central nervous system that, in the case of AD, has shown the ability to identify and monitor disease progress over time in cohorts of cognitively normal and demented individuals. In an effort to pinpoint AD before clinical signs and symptoms manifest, biomarker research in preclinical AD has become a robust area of investigation. CSF biomarkers of amyloid pathology, neuronal damage, and neuroinflammation are discussed in two independent cohorts: the Adult Children Study (ACS) from Washington University in St. Louis and the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative.The ACS cohort is comprised of middle-aged, cognitively normal individuals recruited on a volunteer basis from community dwelling participants with and without a family history of AD. The ADNI cohort is comprised of older individuals also recruited on a volunteer basis from community dwelling participants, though participants are recruited with respect to clinical status and include cognitively normal individuals, individuals with mild cognitive impairment, and individuals with AD, in addition to being older than the ACS cohort.In both cohorts, it was found that CSF markers of amyloid plaques -- one of two required pathological hallmarks that indicate AD -- changed earlier than those of tau tangles, the second required pathological hallmark.Currently, examining biomarkers on a group-wide basis is the best way to get an accurate picture of biomarkers at baseline and followup lumbar punctures (LPs). As the goal is to be able to give individual people a diagnosis and prognosis of their disease, the behavior of biomarkers is particularly interesting because studies have found that CSF A[beta]42 changes up to 15 or more years before cognitive signs and symptoms become apparent and, hopefully, beginning treatment in this period will be helpful not only for diagnosing for individuals with AD dementia, but also for individuals with very early disease.

Book Neuroimaging in Dementia

    Book Details:
  • Author : Frederik Barkhof
  • Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
  • Release : 2011-02-11
  • ISBN : 3642008186
  • Pages : 295 pages

Download or read book Neuroimaging in Dementia written by Frederik Barkhof and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-02-11 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This up-to-date, superbly illustrated book is a practical guide to the effective use of neuroimaging in the patient with cognitive decline. It sets out the key clinical and imaging features of the various causes of dementia and directs the reader from clinical presentation to neuroimaging and on to an accurate diagnosis whenever possible. After an introductory chapter on the clinical background, the available "toolbox" of structural and functional neuroimaging techniques is reviewed in detail, including CT, MRI and advanced MR techniques, SPECT and PET, and image analysis methods. The imaging findings in normal ageing are then discussed, followed by a series of chapters that carefully present and analyze the key findings in patients with dementias. Throughout, a practical approach is adopted, geared specifically to the needs of clinicians (neurologists, radiologists, psychiatrists, geriatricians) working in the field of dementia, for whom this book will prove an invaluable resource.

Book Alzheimer s Diseases  Towards Biomarkers for an Early Diagnosis

Download or read book Alzheimer s Diseases Towards Biomarkers for an Early Diagnosis written by Benaïssa Elmoualij and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: