Download or read book Study of Energy Balance Between Lower and Upper Atmosphere written by Sreekanth Kolan and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Separate energy budgets for the lower atmosphere (0-11 km) and upper atmosphere (> 11 km) are obtained in this report. The Schuster-Schwarzschild (S-S) integral equations of radiative transfer (Schuster 1905; Schwarzschild 1906, 1914) governing the radiation through atmosphere are solved to obtain the radiative fluxes that are required for the energy budget. The back radiation obtained from this analysis agrees with Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007) data. The standard temperature, pressure and density data required for the analysis is obtained from US Standard Atmosphere (1976). This analytical procedure uses the standard assumptions like one dimensionality, effective absorption coefficient (k) for a mixture of gases, constant flux directional parameter and quasi-static equilibrium. For the lower atmosphere, it has been assumed that all the clouds lie in the 0-11 km region. The ground level value of absorption coefficient group (kp), (kp)o is also obtained. 'p' is the partial pressure of the mixture of radiative gases.
Download or read book Urban Climates written by T. R. Oke and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-09-14 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urban Climates is the first full synthesis of modern scientific and applied research on urban climates. The book begins with an outline of what constitutes an urban ecosystem. It develops a comprehensive terminology for the subject using scale and surface classification as key constructs. It explains the physical principles governing the creation of distinct urban climates, such as airflow around buildings, the heat island, precipitation modification and air pollution, and it then illustrates how this knowledge can be applied to moderate the undesirable consequences of urban development and help create more sustainable and resilient cities. With urban climate science now a fully-fledged field, this timely book fulfills the need to bring together the disparate parts of climate research on cities into a coherent framework. It is an ideal resource for students and researchers in fields such as climatology, urban hydrology, air quality, environmental engineering and urban design.
Download or read book The Changing Flow of Energy Through the Climate System written by Kevin E. Trenberth and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-01-13 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Elegant, novel explanation of climate change, emphasizing physical understanding and concepts, while avoiding complex mathematics, supported by excellent color illustrations.
Download or read book Corrections in Montana written by United States Commission on Civil Rights. Montana Advisory Committee and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Biophysical Energy Balance for the Earth atmosphere System written by William P. Lowry and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physics and Chemistry of the Upper Atmosphere written by M. H. Rees and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1989-08-25 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A multitude of processes that operate in the upper atmosphere are revealed by detailed physical and mathematical descriptions of the interactions of particles and radiation, temperatures, spectroscopy and dynamics.
Download or read book The Atmosphere and Climate of Mars written by Robert M. Haberle and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-06-29 with total page 613 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Humanity has long been fascinated by the planet Mars. Was its climate ever conducive to life? What is the atmosphere like today and why did it change so dramatically over time? Eleven spacecraft have successfully flown to Mars since the Viking mission of the 1970s and early 1980s. These orbiters, landers and rovers have generated vast amounts of data that now span a Martian decade (roughly eighteen years). This new volume brings together the many new ideas about the atmosphere and climate system that have emerged, including the complex interplay of the volatile and dust cycles, the atmosphere-surface interactions that connect them over time, and the diversity of the planet's environment and its complex history. Including tutorials and explanations of complicated ideas, students, researchers and non-specialists alike are able to use this resource to gain a thorough and up-to-date understanding of this most Earth-like of planetary neighbours.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Snow Ice and Glaciers written by Vijay P. Singh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-29 with total page 1301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The earth’s cryosphere, which includes snow, glaciers, ice caps, ice sheets, ice shelves, sea ice, river and lake ice, and permafrost, contains about 75% of the earth’s fresh water. It exists at almost all latitudes, from the tropics to the poles, and plays a vital role in controlling the global climate system. It also provides direct visible evidence of the effect of climate change, and, therefore, requires proper understanding of its complex dynamics. This encyclopedia mainly focuses on the various aspects of snow, ice and glaciers, but also covers other cryospheric branches, and provides up-to-date information and basic concepts on relevant topics. It includes alphabetically arranged and professionally written, comprehensive and authoritative academic articles by well-known international experts in individual fields. The encyclopedia contains a broad spectrum of topics, ranging from the atmospheric processes responsible for snow formation; transformation of snow to ice and changes in their properties; classification of ice and glaciers and their worldwide distribution; glaciation and ice ages; glacier dynamics; glacier surface and subsurface characteristics; geomorphic processes and landscape formation; hydrology and sedimentary systems; permafrost degradation; hazards caused by cryospheric changes; and trends of glacier retreat on the global scale along with the impact of climate change. This book can serve as a source of reference at the undergraduate and graduate level and help to better understand snow, ice and glaciers. It will also be an indispensable tool containing specialized literature for geologists, geographers, climatologists, hydrologists, and water resources engineers; as well as for those who are engaged in the practice of agricultural and civil engineering, earth sciences, environmental sciences and engineering, ecosystem management, and other relevant subjects.
Download or read book An Observational Study of the Energy Balance of the Stationary Disturbances in the Atmosphere written by E. O. Holopainen and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Observational Study of the Energy Balance of the Stationary Disturbances in the Atmosphere written by and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physical Climatology written by Williams Sellers and published by . This book was released on 2014-03-11 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text is based on a wide range of disciplines, including meteorology, hydrology, watershed and range management, agricultural chemistry and soils, agricultural economics, botany, zoology, electrical and civil engineering, geography, and geochronology. Most of the students are in the Graduate College, and all have had at least an introductory course in meteorology. The mathematical preparation of the students various considerably. Some have carried their training through boundary value problems and complex variables; others have had little more than college algebra and have done poorly in that. To teach a course that would be useful and interesting to all of these students turned out to be almost impossible.
Download or read book An observational study of the energy balance of the stationary disturbances in the atmosphere written by Eero Holopainen and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book UARS written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physics and Chemistry of the Upper Atmosphere written by M. H. Rees and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1989-08-25 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A multitude of processes that operate in the upper atmosphere are revealed by detailed physical and mathematical descriptions of the interactions of particles and radiation, temperatures, spectroscopy and dynamics.
Download or read book The Upper Atmosphere written by Walter Dieminger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 1023 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Especially due to the increasing environmental problems there is a need to collect as many data as possible in the upper atmosphere. This book serves as a general multidisciplinary guide and introduction for a more effective use of the large amount of now available data from the Earth's atmosphere. It also shows the problems of the use of large amounts of time series data - for basic science as well as for environmental monitoring - and the related information systems. The book is aimed for scientists and students interested in the Earth's atmosphere which is vital for the understanding of environmental changes in the global system Earth.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A diagnostic study of the kinetic energy balance of the long term mean flow and the associated transient fluctuations in the atmosphere written by Eero Holopainen and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
