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Book Low Power Wireless Sensor Networks

Download or read book Low Power Wireless Sensor Networks written by Jukka Suhonen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-14 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wireless sensor network (WSN) is an ad-hoc network technology comprising even thousands of autonomic and self-organizing nodes that combine environmental sensing, data processing, and wireless networking. The applications for sensor networks range from home and industrial environments to military uses. Unlike the traditional computer networks, a WSN is application-oriented and deployed for a specific task. WSNs are data centric, which means that messages are not send to individual nodes but to geographical locations or regions based on the data content. A WSN node is typically battery powered and characterized by extremely small size and low cost. As a result, the processing power, memory, and energy resources of an individual sensor node are limited. However, the feasibility of a WSN lies on the collaboration between the nodes. A reference WSN node comprises a Micro-Controller Unit (MCU) having few Million Instructions Per Second (MIPS) processing speed, tens of kilobytes program memory, few kilobytes data memory. In addition, the node contains a short-range radio, and a set of sensors. Supply power is typically obtained with small batteries. Assuming a target lifetime of one year using AA-size batteries, the available power budget is around 1 mW. This book covers the low-power WSNs services ranging from hardware platforms and communication protocols to network deployment, and sensor data collection and actuation. The implications of resource constraints and expected performance in terms of throughput, reliability and latency are explained. As a case study, this book presents experiments with low-energy TUTWSN technology to illustrate the possibilities and limitations of WSN applications.

Book Ultra Low Energy Wireless Sensor Networks in Practice

Download or read book Ultra Low Energy Wireless Sensor Networks in Practice written by Mauri Kuorilehto and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-02-28 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Finally a book on Wireless Sensor Networks that covers real world applications and contains practical advice! Kuorilehto et al. have written the first practical guide to wireless sensor networks. The authors draw on their experience in the development and field-testing of autonomous wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to offer a comprehensive reference on fundamentals, practical matters, limitations and solutions of this fast moving research area. Ultra Low Energy Wireless Sensor Networks in Practice: Explains the essential problems and issues in real wireless sensor networks, and analyzes the most promising solutions. Provides a comprehensive guide to applications, functionality, protocols, and algorithms for WSNs. Offers practical experiences from new applications and their field-testing, including several deployed networks. Includes simulations and physical measurements for energy consumption, bit rate, latency, memory, and lifetime. Covers embedded resource-limited operating systems, middleware and application software. Ultra Low Energy Wireless Sensor Networks in Practice will prove essential reading for Research Scientists, advanced students in Networking, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science as well as Product Managers and Design Engineers.

Book Position Location Techniques and Applications

Download or read book Position Location Techniques and Applications written by David Munoz and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-05-15 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the definitive guide to the techniques and applications of position location, covering both terrestrial and satellite systems. It gives all the techniques, theoretical models, and algorithms that engineers need to improve their current location schemes and to develop future location algorithms and systems. Comprehensive coverage is given to system design trade-offs, complexity issues, and the design of efficient positioning algorithms to enable the creation of high-performance location positioning systems. Traditional methods are also reexamined in the context of the challenges posed by reconfigurable and multihop networks. Applications discussed include wireless networks (WiFi, ZigBee, UMTS, and DVB networks), cognitive radio, sensor networks and multihop networks. Features - Contains a complete guide to models, techniques, and applications of position location - Includes applications to wireless networks, demonstrating the relevance of location positioning to these "hot" areas in research and development - Covers system design trade-offs and the design of efficient positioning algorithms, enabling the creation of future location positioning systems - Provides a theoretical underpinning for understanding current position location algorithms, giving researchers a foundation to develop future algorithms David Muñoz is Director and César Vargas is a member of the Center for Electronics and Telecommunications, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Mexico. Frantz Bouchereau is a senior communications software developer at The MathWorks Inc. in Natick, MA. Rogerio Enríquez-Caldera is at Instituto Nacional de Atrofisica, Optica y Electronica (INAOE), Puebla, Mexico. - Contains a complete guide to models, techniques and applications of position location - Includes applications to wireless networks (WiFi, ZigBee, DVB networks), cognitive radio, sensor networks and reconfigurable and multi-hop networks, demonstrating the relevance of location positioning to these 'hot' areas in research and development - Covers system design trade-offs, and the design of efficient positioning algorithms enables the creation of future location positioning systems - Provides a theoretical underpinning for understanding current position location algorithms, giving researchers a foundation to develop future algorithms

Book Energy Efficient Mac Layer Design for Wireless Sensor Networks

Download or read book Energy Efficient Mac Layer Design for Wireless Sensor Networks written by Sha Liu and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Energy efficient communication is a critical design objective for wireless sensor networks which are usually highly energy constrained. In addition, the throughput and latency performance is also important for several sensor network applications. To simultaneously achieve the seemingly contradictory goals, this dissertation identifies the three major sources of energy wastage in communications, i.e., idle listening, overhearing, and packet retransmissions, and proposes three mechanisms to optimize the energy consumption while maintaining high throughput and low latency. To deal with the idle listening problem, we design a new low duty-cycle MAC layer protocol called Convergent MAC (CMAC). CMAC can work at low duty cycles and requires no synchronization when there is no traffic. When carrying traffic, CMAC first uses anycast to wake up forwarding nodes, and then converges gradually from route-suboptimal anycast to route-optimal unicast. Experiments and simulations show that CMAC significantly outperforms other duty cycling protocols in terms of latency, throughput and energy efficiency. The MAC layer anycast technique is also an efficient technique to cope with low link quality and interference in wireless sensor networks. By utilizing the nature of broadcast wireless communication medium and allowing multiple nodes in the forwarding set to compete to be the packet forwarder, links with poor reception quality but good progress in a given routing metric space can be opportunistically used to forward packets. However, the impact of unreliable communication in the reverse channel on anycasting has not been studied before. The second part of this dissertation analyzes the impact of unreliability of reverse links on the performance of existing anycast protocols, proposes a new metric characterizing the number of transmissions in the network for anycast based MAC protocols, and presents an efficient solution for computing the forwarding sets. The third part of this dissertation is dedicated to optimizing the schedule of packet retransmissions. CSMA relies on carrier sensing to decide if retransmissions should be performed immediately. However, in cases where the poor channel quality persists or packet losses are due to interference undetectable by carrier sensing, the channel assessment alone is not a good indicator of successful transmissions. To schedule retransmissions at appropriate moments, we propose a new technique called transmission pushback to reduce such losses by delaying retransmissions. This technique overcomes periods of poor channel quality while ensuring a throughput matching the incoming packet rate. In order to determine the optimal pushback period, we devise an adaptive channel prediction technique based on estimating the parameters of a simple hidden Markov model (HMM) which represents the channel. We dynamically update the parameters of the HMM based solely on the ACK sequence for the previous packet transmissions. By considering both the packet incoming rate and the packet loss pattern, the appropriate pushback period is calculated and applied for future retransmissions.

Book High QoS and Energy Efficient Medium Access Control Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks

Download or read book High QoS and Energy Efficient Medium Access Control Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks written by Bilal Muhammad Khan and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Development of Wireless Sensor Nodes revolutionaries sensing and control application. The size of sensor node makes it ideal to be used in variety of applications, but this brings more challenges and problems especially as the capacity of onboard battery is limited. It is due to the very reason that initial research in the field of WSN especially on MAC targets mainly on the energy conservation and gives secondary importance towards other attributes of MAC protocols. These attributes includes latency, throughput, fairness and collision. This research keeping in view of current application requirements which demands QoS as well as energy conservation in static and mobile sensor networks proposes MAC protocols to meet these challenges. In this research to improve the efficiency of the collision resolution algorithms used in mainly contention based MAC protocols, an Improved Binary Exponential Backoff Algorithm is proposed. The main target of this protocol is to resolve the problem of access collision by employing interim backoff period. The protocol targets to improve upon the performance of conventional Binary Exponential Backoff Algorithm which suffers heavily from collision. The result shows significant reduction in collision which increases the efficiency of the network in terms of QoS and energy conservation. To eliminate the problem of collision which is one of the major sources of network performance degradation a novel Delay Controlled Collision Free contention based MAC is designed. The protocol uses novel delay allocation technique. DCCF also provides mechanism to achieve fairness among the nodes. Detailed analysis and comparative result shows substantial increase in throughput and decrease in latency as compared to Industrial standard of IEEE 802.15.4 CSMA/CA MAC. The research also proposed novel MAC protocols for mobile sensor networks. These protocols uses a methodology which is based upon signal strength of the beacon sent to the node from various neighbouring coordinators that enable the nodes to seamlessly enter from one cluster to another without any link loss and unnecessary delays in the shape of association. The proposed scheme is implemented over IEEE 802.15.4 enabling the standard to perform better with dynamic topology. Result shows that mobility adaptive 802.15.4 protocol shows improvement in QoS and conserve energy far better than the existing conventional CSMA/CA MAC standard. Also the algorithm is implemented over Delay Controlled Collision Free Mac protocol and a detail comparison is carried out with other mobility adaptive MAC protocols. The result shows significant decrease in latency as well as high gain in throughput and considerable reduction in energy as compared to the mobility adaptive MAC protocols. Finally in order to resolve fundamental problem of scalable network which suffers from bottleneck as more nodes in the last hop tries to send data towards the sink, a novel protocol is proposed which allows more than one node at a time to transmit the data towards the sink. The protocol named Simultaneous Multi node CSMA/CA enables the conventional industrial standard of IEEE 802.15.4 CSMA/CA protocol to allow more than one node to transmit the data towards the coordinator or sink node. The protocol out performs the existing standard and provides significant increase in QoS of the network.

Book Ex Mac

    Ex Mac

    Book Details:
  • Author : Dr. M. Nanda Kumar
  • Publisher :
  • Release : 2014
  • ISBN :
  • Pages : 0 pages

Download or read book Ex Mac written by Dr. M. Nanda Kumar and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy efficient protocol design is the aim of current researches in the area of sensor networks where limited power resources impose energy conservation considerations. In this paper we concern for Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols the recent technology that is used in the Wireless sensor networks are appealing to researchers to achieve an efficient medium access protocol subject to power constraints. We outline the design of MAC layer protocols that employ adaptive duty cycle as means of further optimizing the energy conservation. In most case each nodes determines the duty cycle as a function of its own traffic load. The IEEE 802.15.4 is a new wireless personal area network designed for wireless monitoring and control applications. Of course the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC protocol performs poorly for one-hop data collection in sense sensor network. Here we developed a new MAC protocol, EX-MAC that amalgamate the E-MAC and the X-MAC. EX-MAC protocol design methodology and results projected at self-learning, traffic adaptive algorithm for varying traffic conditions inherent to the WSNs. The design incorporates reliable and scalable energy-aware sensing network, in spite of node failures, minimizing energy consumption at the same time. Our present and future work is based on adaptive EX-MAC protocol that is designed for wireless sensor networks. Here we first highlighted the main draw back of the E-MAC and X-MAC and then a proposed solution that enables low duty cycle operation, dynamic sleep schedules to reduce the control overhead, traffic adaptive wakeup and low latency. To overcome this control overhead and latency, we suggested the contention based on CSMA/CA mechanism. This protocol is simulated in NS-2 and performs evaluated.

Book Energy Efficient Algorithms and Protocols for Wireless Body Sensor Networks

Download or read book Energy Efficient Algorithms and Protocols for Wireless Body Sensor Networks written by Rongrong Zhang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-08-28 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a systematic treatment of the theoretical foundation and algorithmic tools necessary in the design of energy-efficient algorithms and protocols in wireless body sensor networks (WBSNs). These problems addressed in the book are of both fundamental and practical importance. Specifically, the book delivers a comprehensive treatment on the following problems ranging from theoretical modeling and analysis, to practical algorithm design and optimization: energy-efficient clustering-based leader election algorithms in WBSNs; MAC protocol for duty-cycling WBSNs with concurrent traffic; multi-channel broadcast algorithms in duty-cycling WBSNs; and energy-efficient sleep scheduling algorithms in WBSNs. Target readers of the book are researchers and advanced-level engineering students interested in acquiring in-depth knowledge on the topic and on WBSNs and their applications, both from theoretical and engineering perspective.

Book Cluster based Energy efficient MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Download or read book Cluster based Energy efficient MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks written by Nikhil Marrapu and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TheWireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) employs thousands of small sensors that communicate between themselves in a distributed manner using Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols. The energy required for wireless sensors is obtained from non-rechargeable energy sources. Due to their small size, wireless sensors are highly constrained in terms of battery energy. Hence, energy efficiency is considered a key factor in the design of a WSN. MAC protocols play an important role in the successful operation of WSNs. Energy efficiency can be achieved by introducing some significant changes that effect the energy consumption at the MAC layer. Existing protocols achieve energy savings, trading off either latency or throughput. The Sensor Medium Access Control (SMAC) is one such protocol that identifies a few sources of energy wastage and proposes an adaptive sleep-and-listen scheme to minimize energy wastage. This thesis studies the S-MAC protocol and proposes a new one Cluster-Based Energy-Efficient Medium Access Control (CBMAC), which attempts to increase energy savings by introducing changes to the existing S-MAC protocol. CBMAC introduces a clustering mechanism, in which the nodes form clusters and elect a cluster head. The cluster head takes care of data transfer and synchronization issues, while the cluster nodes are allowed to spend maximum time in the sleep state. The role of the cluster head is shared among several nodes over time in order to achieve uniform energy utilization in the network. The energy savings achieved with the CBMAC protocol are primarily due to the increased sleep-time fraction for cluster nodes. The clustering mechanism also reduces control overhead, which is prevalent in the S-MAC protocol due to the periodic control packet exchanges. CBMAC was studied under various topologies, and the results show significant energy savings over the S-MAC protocol, particularly in low-data-traffic scenarios.

Book Wireless Sensor Networks and Energy Efficiency Protocols Routing and Management

Download or read book Wireless Sensor Networks and Energy Efficiency Protocols Routing and Management written by Zaman, Noor and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2012-01-31 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book focuses on wireless sensor networks and their operation, covering topics including routing, energy efficiency and management"--

Book A BIT MAP ASSISTED ENERGY EFFICIENT MAC SCHEME FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

Download or read book A BIT MAP ASSISTED ENERGY EFFICIENT MAC SCHEME FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The low-energy characteristics of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) pose a great design challenge for MAC protocol design. The cluster-based scheme is a promising solution. Recent studies have proposed different cluster-based MAC protocols. We propose an intra-cluster communication bit-map-assisted (BMA) MAC protocol. BMA is intended for event-driven applications. The scheduling of BMA can change dynamically according to the unpredictable variations of sensor networks. In terms of energy efficiency, BMA reduces energy consumption due to idle listening and collisions. In this study, we develop two different analytic energy models for BMA, conventional TDMA and energy efficient TDMA (E-TDMA) when used as intra-cluster MAC schemes. Simulation experiments are constructed to validate the analytic models. Both analytic and simulation results show that in terms of energy efficiency, BMA performance heavily depends on the sensor node traffic offer load, the number of sensor nodes within a cluster, the data packet size and, in some cases, the number of sessions per round. BMA is superior for the cases of low and medium traffic loads, relatively few sensor nodes per cluster, and relatively large data packet sizes. In addition, BMA outperforms the TDMA-based MAC schemes in terms of average packet latency.

Book Mobile Ad hoc and Sensor Networks

Download or read book Mobile Ad hoc and Sensor Networks written by Hongke Zhang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-19 with total page 884 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Networks, MSN 2007, held in Beijing, China, in December 2007. The papers address all current issues in mobile ad hoc and sensor networks and are organized in topical sections on routing, network protocols, energy efficiency, data processing, self-organization and synchronization, deployment and application, as well as security.

Book Konventionelle Untersuchungsmethoden

Download or read book Konventionelle Untersuchungsmethoden written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Energy Harvesting for Wireless Sensor Networks

Download or read book Energy Harvesting for Wireless Sensor Networks written by Olfa Kanoun and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-11-19 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wireless sensors and sensor networks (WSNs) are nowadays becoming increasingly important due to their decisive advantages. Different trends towards the Internet of Things (IoT), Industry 4.0 and 5G Networks address massive sensing and admit to have wireless sensors delivering measurement data directly to the Web in a reliable and easy manner. These sensors can only be supported, if sufficient energy efficiency and flexible solutions are developed for energy-aware wireless sensor nodes. In the last years, different possibilities for energy harvesting have been investigated showing a high level of maturity. This book gives therefore an overview on fundamentals and techniques for energy harvesting and energy transfer from different points of view. Different techniques and methods for energy transfer, management and energy saving on network level are reported together with selected interesting applications. The book is interesting for researchers, developers and students in the field of sensors, wireless sensors, WSNs, IoT and manifold application fields using related technologies. The book is organized in four major parts. The first part of the book introduces essential fundamentals and methods, while the second part focusses on vibration converters and hybridization. The third part is dedicated to wireless energy transfer, including both RF and inductive energy transfer. Finally, the fourth part of the book treats energy saving and management strategies. The main contents are: Essential fundamentals and methods of wireless sensors Energy harvesting from vibration Hybrid vibration energy converters Electromagnetic transducers Piezoelectric transducers Magneto-electric transducers Non-linear broadband converters Energy transfer via magnetic fields RF energy transfer Energy saving techniques Energy management strategies Energy management on network level Applications in agriculture Applications in structural health monitoring Application in power grids Prof. Dr. Olfa Kanoun is professor for measurement and sensor technology at Chemnitz university of technology. She is specialist in the field of sensors and sensor systems design.