Download or read book Studies on the Transcriptional Regulation of the Cardiac Muscle specific Gene Expression written by Yimin Zou and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cardiac Gene Expression written by Jun Zhang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-03 with total page 741 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents both cutting-edge and established methods for studying cardiac gene expression. The protocols provide a template for solid research, and cover the process through screening, analysis, characterization, and functional confirmation of novel genes or known genes with a new function. The concluding section of the book highlights methods that facilitate overexpression or cardiac-specific targeted gene deletion.
Download or read book Cardiovascular Specific Gene Expression written by P. A. F. M. Doevendans and published by . This book was released on 2014-01-15 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cardiac Regeneration written by Masaki Ieda and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-27 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Volume of the series Cardiac and Vascular Biology offers a comprehensive and exciting, state-of-the-art work on the current options and potentials of cardiac regeneration and repair. Several techniques and approaches have been developed for heart failure repair: direct injection of cells, programming of scar tissue into functional myocardium, and tissue-engineered heart muscle support. The book introduces the rationale for these different approaches in cell-based heart regeneration and discusses the most important considerations for clinical translation. Expert authors discuss when, why, and how heart muscle can be salvaged. The book represents a valuable resource for stem cell researchers, cardiologists, bioengineers, and biomedical scientists studying cardiac function and regeneration.
Download or read book Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle specific Gene Regulation by Transcriptional Elements of Muscle Creatine Kinase Intron 1 written by Phillip Tai and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Regulatory Networks of Gene Expression in Heart and Skeletal Muscle Cells written by Jenny J. Fischer and published by VDM Publishing. This book was released on 2008 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development and maintenance of muscle cells is controlled by complex regulatory networks involving epigenetic marks and transcription factors. While histone modifications influence the compaction of chromatin and consequently the accessibility of DNA, transcription factors are responsible for a fine tuning of expression. In this study, modern high-throughput methods of molecular biology together with bioinformatic analyses were used to decipher the architecture of these networks. The role of activating histone modifications and their potential interactions with key cardiac transcription factors in the context of muscle development and congenital heart diseases are presented. Several hundred genes regulated by the transcription factors Gata4, Mef2a, Nkx2.5, and Srf were identified, demonstrating their essential role in the formation of cardiac structures. The findings support the existence of a complex combinatorial 'histone code' and suggest that histone modifications have further functions as signaling marks. This book is addressed to researchers in a modern molecular biology laboratory, including the fields of biology, biochemistry, bioinformatics, and medicine."
Download or read book Regulation of Troponin C Synthesis in Chicken Cardiac Muscle Cell Cultures written by Suman Bala Malhotra and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Gene Expression in Cardiac Surgery microform Impact of Ischemia and Reperfusion written by Igor E. Konstantinov and published by Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothèque et Archives Canada. This book was released on 2004 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ischemia and reperfusion (IR) invariably occurs during cardiac surgery. However, the transcriptional regulation of the myocardial and leukocyte genome in IR injury is incompletely elucidated. The primary hypothesis of this thesis is that IR injury occurring during cardiac surgery results in rapid induction of a specific pattern of gene transcription. The secondary hypothesis concerns the genomic and physiologic responses to protective brief periods of IR applied to the tissue located remotely from the heart (i.e., by a remote ischemic preconditioning (rIPC) stimulus). Gene expression was assessed primarily using microarray technology. In an initial study, we observed up-regulation of genes with possible cytoprotective functions in neonatal myocardium during ischemia. Global human myocardial gene expression during intra-operative IR injury was determined in a second study. A series of studies were then designed to examine the genomic and functional responses to a clinically-relevant rIPC stimulus. As leukocytes play a key role in IR injury, we identified the global genomic changes in human leukocytes following the rIPC stimulus. We then examined myocardial genomic responses in a mouse model, and, finally, demonstrated a major protective effect of rIPC in a porcine model of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and intra-operative IR injury. Based on these data we applied the rIPC clinically with encouraging preliminary results.Overall the results of these studies indicate that intra-operative myocardial IR injury results in rapid induction of gene expression, and that this genomic response appears to be age-specific and can be modified by rIPC.
Download or read book Transcriptional Regulation of Heart Development and Function written by Fei Lu and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cardiac morphogenesis and the maintenance of cardiac physiology require complex and well-orchestrated cardiac transcription programs. Misregulation of cardiac transcription programs leads to severe developmental defects, and is associated with human congenital heart diseases (CHD). To better understand the transcription program governing normal heart development, my research focused specifically on two essential genes for vertebrate heart development: tbx20 that encodes a cardiac transcription factor and rtf1 that encodes a multifunctional transcription regulatory protein. First, I reported the identification of a zebrafish tbx20 null mutation that causes severe cardiac progenitor defects, highlighting a previously unappreciated role for Tbx20 in promoting vertebrate cardiogenesis. I also revealed a novel function of Tbx20 in enhancing cardiomyocyte proliferation as a transcriptional activator. Second, I found that loss of Rtf1, a RNA polymerase II associated factor 1 (PAF1C) complex component, suppresses the cardiac transcription program and prevents the formation of cardiac progenitors. I discovered that Rtf1 controls cardiac progenitor formation and heart tube morphogenesis via two independent mechanisms: Rtf1 pushes multi-potent mesodermal cells to a cardiac fate through activating the cardiac transcription program and Rtf1 supports cardiomyocyte differentiation and heart tube morphogenesis by modulating the epigenome. Lastly, I found that cardiomyocyte-specific ablation of rtf1 in adult mouse heart leads to dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Expression of genes encoding lipid metabolism related proteins, myofibrillar proteins, mitochondrial proteins and ion channels were significantly downregulated in rtf1-deficent hearts, suggesting that Rtf1 is an important regulator of the cardiac gene program that maintains myofibril integrity and cardiac function. Taken together, my studies provide new insights into the regulation of cardiac transcription program in developing and mature myocardium, and presents new candidate genes for CHD and cardiac dysfunction in humans.
Download or read book Fragile X Related Protein 1 FXR1 Regulates RNA Metabolism in Striated Muscle written by Samantha Whitman and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cardiac muscle function necessitates the meticulous assembly and interactions of several cytoskeletal and regulatory proteins into specialized structures that orchestrate contraction and transmission forces. Despite extensive studies identifying the protein components responsible for these important aspects of heart development, putative RNA based mechanisms remain poorly understood, even with their demonstrated importance in other tissues. Evidence suggests that post-transcriptional regulation is critical for muscle function, but the molecular players involved (RNA binding proteins and mRNA targets) have remained elusive. We investigated the molecular mechanisms and targets of the muscle-specific Fragile X Related protein-1 (FXR1), an RNA binding protein whose absence leads to perinatal lethality in mice. Loss of FXR1 results in global protein level alterations. Morphological and biochemical analyses ofitalicFxr1-/-italicmice revealed severe disruption of intercalated disc and costamere architecture and composition. We identified several candidate mRNAs specifically enriched in the FXR1 protein complex. Two targets that likely contribute to the architectural defects areitalicdesmoplakin (dsp)italicanditalictalin2 (tln2)italic. In vitro assays indicate that FXR1 binds to these mRNA targets directly and represses their translation. Additionally, we provide preliminary evidence that theitalicFxr1-/-italicmice mimic a hypothyroid state of cardiac gene expression, with alterations in myosin heavy chain and troponin I isoforms. Our findings reveal the first mRNA targets of FXR1 in muscle and support translational repression as a novel mechanism for cardiac muscle development and function.
Download or read book Transcriptional Regulation of Cardiac Hypertrophy and Heart Failure written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cardiac hypertrophy and dilatation are mediated by neuro-endocrine factors, internal stretch and stress sensitive signaling pathways, which in turn transduce alterations in cardiac gene expression through specific transcription factors. This dissertation will, in the first section, provide direct evidence for transcription factor myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) in the regulation of cardiac dilation and fibrosis through reprogramming cardiac gene expression; in the second section, introduce a novel secreted factor growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) as a cardiac anti-hypertrophic and protective factor. The MEF2 family of transcription factors have been indirectly implicated as a downstream mediator of hypertrophic signaling pathways. In this dissertation, we demonstrate directly that MEF2 induce dilated cardiomyopathy and the lengthening of myocytes without a primary induction of cardiac hypertrophy. Cardiac-specific overexpression of MEF2A or MEF2C showed spontaneous cardiomyopathy, which was not altered by activated calcineurin, or developed more fulminant disease following pressure overload. In cultured cardiomyocytes, MEF2A and MEF2C overexpression induced sarcomeric disorganization and focal elongation. Mechanistically, MEF2A and MEF2C programmed similar alteration in gene expression that included extracellular matrix remodeling, ion handling, and metabolic genes. Indeed, cultured cardiomyocytes overexpressing MEF2A, or adult myocytes from MEF2A transgenic hearts, showed reduced transient outward currents, suggesting a proximal mechanism underlying MEF2-dependent cardiomyopathy. During the analysis of gene reprogramming by MEF2, we noted dramatic induction of GDF15. GDF15 is induced by conditions that promote hypertrophy and dilation. Transgenic mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of GDF15 were normal, but were partially resistant to induced hypertrophy. GDF15 antagonized induced hypertrophy in cultured cardiomyocyte. Transient expression of GDF15 by intravenous adenoviral delivery, or by direct injection of recombinant protein, attenuated ventricular dilation and heart failure in MLP null mice through an endocrine effect. Conversely, Gdf15 null mice showed enhanced cardiac hypertrophic growth, and a pronounced loss in ventricular performance following stimulation. Mechanistically, GDF15 promoted activation of Smad2/3, which was partially responsible for the anti-hypertrophic effects. These results identify GDF15 as a novel endocrine factor that antagonizes the hypertrophic response and loss of ventricular performance.
Download or read book Regulation and Function of MEF2 in Cardiomyocytes written by Kamran Ebrahimian and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Regular formation of the mammalian heart needs precise spatial and temporal transcriptional regulation of gene programs in ardiomyocytes. Cardiac transcription factors are defined, in this context, as essential transcriptional activators that are expressed predominantly in the myocardium which regulate the expression of the cardiac genes encoding structural proteins of cardiomyocytes. Unsurprisingly, disruptions in this elaborate transcriptional machinery can lead to severe cardiac abnormalities including hypertension, cardiomyopathy, and congenital heart disease. In this field, Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2 (MEF2) transcription factor is considered one of only a few core cardiac transcription factors that play important roles in cardiac development, survival, contractility, and in postnatal adaption to a wide array of physiological and pathological signals. MEF2 functions as a transcriptional switch by potently activating or repressing transcription through interaction with a variety of co-factors which serve as positive and negative regulators of transcription. The interaction of MEF2 with its co-factors is controlled by a multitude of signaling pathways that result in post-translational modification of MEF2 and in the subsequent MEF2-dependent repression or activation of target gene transcription. Our project studied regulation and function of MEF2A in cardiomyocytes. We hypothesized that the combinatorial interactions between transcription factors and promoter elements that are required for the regulation of cardiac gene expression may operate in pathological cardiac remodeling and hypertrophy. Therefore, studying and characterizing the regulation of proteins which bind to MEF2A in cardiomyocytes may unravel the underlying dysregulation of the cardiac transcriptome in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and heart failure. In this project, HL-1 cardiomyocytes have been chosen as a model of study. An agonist (Isoproterenol) was used to mimic cardiomyocytes hypertrophy in HL-1 cells. Isoproterenol activates adrenergic signaling which can trigger many mechanisms in the heart contributing to the hypertrophic phenotype. We developed two different methods to capture MEF2A interacting partners (interactome), including immunoprecipitation (IP) of endogenous MEF2A and IP of Flag-MEF2A proteins in normal and hypertrophy conditions. Our optimization will allow characterization of MEF2A interactome partners through state of the art quantitative proteomics approaches. In previous research, transcriptome analysis (RNA-seq) from left ventricular RNA samples and MEF2A depleted cardiomyocytes identified some genes, including kf2, junb, alas2 and rarres2 which may have implications for cardiac hypertrophy. Our ChIP-qPCR data indicated that MEF2A is recruited to the rarres2 promoter in primary cardiomyocytes. Thus, rarres2 is a novel MEF2A target gene and further, it will be interesting to uncover functions of MEF2A interactome partners on rarres2 gene regulation in cardiac diseases. A study has indicated that klf2, junB, alas2, and rarres2 may have a role in promoting cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in cultured HL-1 cells and primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Taken together, this project developed the methods to study the characterization of MEF2A interactome in cardiomyocytes. Additionally, we showed the capacity of some MEF2 target genes, including rarres2 to promote cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.
Download or read book Molecular Mechanism of Congenital Heart Disease and Pulmonary Hypertension written by Toshio Nakanishi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-28 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book focuses on the molecular mechanism of congenital heart disease and pulmonary hypertension, offering new insights into the development of pulmonary circulation and the ductus arteriosus. It describes in detail the molecular mechanisms involved in the development and morphogenesis of the heart, lungs and ductus arteriosus, covering a range of topics such as gene functions, growth factors, transcription factors and cellular interactions, as well as stem cell engineering technologies. The book also presents recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanism of lung development, pulmonary hypertension and molecular regulation of the ductus arteriosus. As such, it is an ideal resource for physicians, scientists and investigators interested in the latest findings on the origins of congenital heart disease and potential future therapies involving pulmonary circulation/hypertension and the ductus arteriosus.
Download or read book Heart Development and Disease written by Benoit G. Bruneau and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Development of the heart is a complex process and can lead to serious congenital disease if the process goes awry. This book provides a detailed description of the cell lineages involved in heart development and how their migration and morphogenesis are controlled. It also examines the genetic and environmental bases for congenital heart disease and how model systems are revealing more about the processes involved"--
Download or read book Muscle Development in Drosophilia written by Helen Sink and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-02-02 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The different aspects of muscle development are considered from cellular, molecular and genetic viewpoints, and the text is supported by black/white and color illustrations. The book will appeal to those studying muscle development and muscle biology in any organism.
Download or read book Transcriptional Control of Neural Crest Development written by Brian L. Nelms and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2010 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The neural crest is a remarkable embryonic population of cells found only in vertebrates and has the potential to give rise to many different cell types contributing throughout the body. These derivatives range from the mesenchymal bone and cartilage comprising the facial skeleton, to neuronal derivatives of the peripheral sensory and autonomic nervous systems, to melanocytes throughout the body, and to smooth muscle of the great arteries of the heart. For these cells to correctly progress from an unspecifi ed, nonmigratory population to a wide array of dynamic, differentiated cell types-some of which retain stem cell characteristics presumably to replenish these derivatives-requires a complex network of molecular switches to control the gene programs giving these cells their defi ning structural, enzymatic, migratory, and signaling capacities. This review will bring together current knowledge of neural crest-specifi c transcription factors governing these progressions throughout the course of development. A more thorough understanding of the mechanisms of transcriptional control in differentiation will aid in strategies designed to push undifferentiated cells toward a particular lineage, and unraveling these processes will help toward reprogramming cells from a differentiated to a more naive state. Table of Contents: Introduction / AP Genes / bHLH Genes / ETS Genes / Fox Genes / Homeobox Genes / Hox Genes / Lim Genes / Pax Genes / POU Domain Genes / RAR/RXR Genes / Smad Genes / Sox Genes / Zinc Finger Genes / Other Miscellaneous Genes / References / Author Biographies
Download or read book Practical Methods in Cardiovascular Research written by Stefan Dhein and published by Springer. This book was released on 2006-02-28 with total page 1010 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientists working or planning to work in the field of cardiovascular research will welcome Methods in Cardiovascular Research as the reference book they have been waiting for. Not only general aspects of cardiovascular research are well presented but also detailed descriptions of methods, protocols and practical examples. Written by leading scientists in their field, chapters cover classical methods such as the Langendorff heart or working heart models as well as numerous new techniques and methods. Newcomers and experienced researchers alike will benefit from the troubleshooting guide in each chapter, the extensive reference lists for advanced reading and the great practical experience of the authors. Methods in Cardiovascular Research is a "must have" for anybody with an interest in cardiovascular research.
