Download or read book Studies on the Structure and Function of the Influenza Virus Ribonucleoprotein and Polymerase Complex written by Klaus Klumpp and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Virus Protein and Nucleoprotein Complexes written by J. Robin Harris and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-13 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Subcellular Biochemistry series has recently embarked upon an almost encyclopaedic coverage of topics relating to the structure and function of macromolecular complexes (Volumes 82, 83 and 87). The present multi-author text covers numerous aspects of current research into molecular virology, with emphasis upon viral protein and nucleoprotein structure and function. Structural data from cryo-electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography is displayed throughout the book. The 17 chapters in the book cover diverse interesting topics, all currently under investigation, contributed by authors who are active actively involved in present-day research. Whilst structural aspects predominate, there is much consideration of the structure-function relationship. In addition, the book correlates with and extends from Volume 68 of the series “Structure and Physics of Viruses: An Integrated Textbook”. This book is directed primarily at professionals that work in the broad field of Structural Biology and will be of particular interest to Structural Virologists. The editors, David Bhella and Robin Harris, have much experience in virology and protein structure, respectively. Dr Bhella is Director of the Scottish Macromolecular Imaging Centre. Professor Robin Harris is the long-standing Series Editor of the Subcellular Biochemistry series. He has edited and contributed to several books in the series.
Download or read book Study of the Structure and Function of the Influenza Virus RNA dependent RNA Polymerase written by Itziar Serna Martin and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Structure and Physics of Viruses written by Mauricio G. Mateu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-04 with total page 734 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contemplates the structure, dynamics and physics of virus particles: From the moment they come into existence by self-assembly from viral components produced in the infected cell, through their extracellular stage, until they recognise and infect a new host cell and cease to exist by losing their physical integrity to start a new infectious cycle. (Bio)physical techniques used to study the structure of virus particles and components, and some applications of structure-based studies of viruses are also contemplated. This book is aimed first at M.Sc. students, Ph.D. students and postdoctoral researchers with a university degree in biology, chemistry, physics or related scientific disciplines who share an interest or are actually working on viruses. We have aimed also at providing an updated account of many important concepts, techniques, studies and applications in structural and physical virology for established scientists working on viruses, irrespective of their physical, chemical or biological background and their field of expertise. We have not attempted to provide a collection of for-experts-only reviews focused mainly on the latest research in specific topics; we have not generally assumed that the reader knows all of the jargon and all but the most recent and advanced results in each topic dealt with in this book. In short, we have attempted to write a book basic enough to be useful to M.Sc and Ph.D. students, as well as advanced and current enough to be useful to senior scientists with an interest in Structural and/or Physical Virology.
Download or read book Influenza A Virus A Role for the RNA Polymerase in Viral Particle Assembly written by John F. Regan and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Influenza is an RNA virus whose segmented genome is encapsidated into viral ribonucleoprotein complexes (vRNPs). Upon infection, the vRNPs migrate into the nucleus where transcription and replication take place. The vRNPs contain a RNA-dependent RNA polymerase that is responsible for viral transcription and replication. The polymerase is composed of three subunits, PB1, PB2, and PA. PBI has polymerase activity and PB2 is involved in viral transcription. The function of PA is unclear. To help elucidate the role of PA in the viral life cycle, 16 conserved regions of PA were targeted for alanine substitution. A plasmid-based transfection system was used to generate recombinant influenza particles bearing each mutation, which were tested for viral viability and the ability of each mutant polymerase to transcribe and replicate a reporter. Mutations in the N-terminus were not well tolerated and resulted in either non-viable or attenuated viruses. One of the mutants, J10, was capable of RNA synthesis, yet did not create viral particles capable of plaque formation in MDCK cells. Specifically, when compared to wild-type, this mutant synthesized 50+/-7% vRNA, 86+/-12% mRNA, and 128+/-18% cRNA. These levels are compatible with viability, as mutants J8 (27%) and J12 (23%), produced significantly less vRNA than J10, yet were viable by plaque assay. The mRNAs generated from J10 polymerase were found to be translationally-active, and both the mutant protein and its RNA products were appropriately localized in the cytoplasm, where influenza assembly occurs. Nevertheless, J10 failed to generate infectious particles from cells in a plasmid-based influenza assembly assay, and hemagglutinating material from the supernatants of such cells contained little or no nuclease-resistant genomic RNA. These findings suggest that PA has a previously unrecognized role in assembly or release of influenza virions, perhaps influencing core structure or the packaging of vRNAs or other essential components into nascent influenza particles.
Download or read book Conserved Polymerase Structural Features and Ubiquitination Regulate the Influenza Virus RNA Replication Machinery written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The influenza A virus polymerase is essential for the virus life cycle. The polymerase is a trimeric complex composed of subunits PA, PB1, and PB2 and associates with viral RNAs and nucleoprotein (NP) to form higher order ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes. In the context of these RNPs, the polymerase expresses viral genes and replicates the viral genome. The polymerase is also a major determinant of influenza virus host tropism and pathogenicity. It is a target for species-specific restriction of influenza viruses in mammals. Polymerases encoded by avian influenza viruses do not function efficiently in mammals. This restriction has been mapped to position 627 in the PB2 subunit, which is normally a glutamic acid in avian isolates. Conversely, a lysine is present at position 627 in most mammalian viral isolates and creates a basic face on the domain surface that confers high activity in mammals. In addition to species-specific regulation, the polymerase is also regulated temporally over the course of infection to ensure coordinated expression of viral genes as well as replication of the viral genome. Various host factors and processes have been implicated in regulation of the IAV polymerase function, including post-translational modifications, however the mechanisms are not fully understood. We created a series of mutants in the 627 domain of the PB2 subunit to alter the conserved "P[F/P]AAAPP" sequence motif and a number of conserved basic residues that give the domain surface a basic face. Mutating the basic face or the P[F/P]AAAP motif impaired polymerase activity, assembly of replication complexes and viral replication. We found that the P[F/P]AAAP motif residues were important for polymerase function in both human and chicken cells, suggesting that they play a structural role and are essential for overall polymerase function. We also identified PB2 positions 586 and 589 on the basic surface of the 627 domain to be species-specific determinants of polymerase function that are preferentially required for function in human versus avian cells. Thus, we identified new residues in the 627 domain that regulate overall polymerase function and those that function in a species-specific fashion. This work highlights the importance of the surface charge and structure of the PB2 627 domain for virus replication and host adaptation. We assessed the ubiquitination status of the RNP complex and investigated the effect of ubiquitin expression on polymerase function. We show that all protein subunits in the RNP complex are ubiquitinated and that their levels are not significantly affected, despite the well known activity of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation. Instead, we found that ubiquitination and an active proteasome enhance polymerase activity. Ubiquitin expression up-regulates polymerase function causing increased accumulation of vRNA, cRNA and mRNA and enhanced viral gene expression during infection. We show that ubiquitin expression enhances polymerase activity independent of NP or RNP assembly. Ubiquitination and the proteasome pathway play multiple roles in the influenza virus cycle, and we now demonstrate that ubiquitination also modulates polymerase activity independent of protein degradation. Overall, we describe here key features of the influenza virus polymerase that regulate its function in a species-specific fashion and a new way in which a host cell process can be co-opted by the virus to enhance its polymerase function
Download or read book Influenza Virus Sialidase A Drug Discovery Target written by Mark Itzstein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-09-01 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Influenza continues to be an ongoing problem despite the existence of vaccines and drugs. Disease outbreaks can occur relatively quickly as witnessed with the recent emergence of the influenza virus A/H1N1 pandemic. The development of new anti-influenza drugs is thus a major challenge. This volume describes all aspects of the virus structure and function relevant to infection. The focus is on drug discovery of inhibitors to the enzyme sialidase, which plays a key role in the infectious lifecycle of the virus. Following an overview of the influenza virus, the haemagglutinin, the interactions with the cell receptors and the enzymology of virus sialidase, recent results in drug design are presented. These include a full coverage of the design, synthesis and evaluation of carbohydrate as well as non-carbohydrate influenza virus sialidase inhibitors. Further reviews of the clinical experience with influenza virus sialidase inhibitors and of the development of resistance to these inhibitor drugs complement the topic.
Download or read book Influenza written by Gabriele Neumann (Professor at the Influenza Research Institute) and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Influenza is a serious disease that affects millions worldwide every year. This book discusses cutting edge research on the viruses that cause the disease, its effects on the host, and current vaccine design strategies"--
Download or read book Influenza Virology written by Yoshihiro Kawaoka and published by Horizon Scientific Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World renowned scientists critically review the most important issues in this rapidly expanding field.
Download or read book Flexible Viruses written by Vladimir Uversky and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-02-07 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides up-to-date information on experimental and computational characterization of the structural and functional properties of viral proteins, which are widely involved in regulatory and signaling processes. With chapters by leading research groups, it features current information on the structural and functional roles of intrinsic disorders in viral proteomes. It systematically addresses the measles, HIV, influenza, potato virus, forest virus, bovine virus, hepatitis, and rotavirus as well as viral genomics. After analyzing the unique features of each class of viral proteins, future directions for research and disease management are presented.
Download or read book Textbook of Influenza written by Robert G. Webster and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-01-06 with total page 684 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Textbook of Influenza is a comprehensive resource covering all aspects of influenza, from the genetic and molecular biology of the virus through to clinical aspects of the disease and the latest drug developments and treatments. This new edition has been completely revised and reflects the integration of disciplines concerning the emergence, evolution, pathogenesis and control of influenza viruses in the field of human and veterinary public health. Textbook of Influenza examines the lessons learnt from the latest pandemic and provides the current state of knowledge for many yet unresolved issues related to virus origin, spread, pathogenesis and disease severity to better prepare for future pandemics. It covers the background to recent advances in influenza genomics and reverse genetics which have allowed the identification of virus virulence factors and the analysis and reconstruction of influenza viruses such as the 1918 Spanish flu strain. This new edition is divided into eight key sections, containing chapters co-written by international experts from both the clinical and scientific communities, covering: • Influenza Perspectives • Structure and Replication • Evolution and Ecology • Epidemiology and Surveillance • Immunology • Vaccines and Vaccine Development • Clinical Aspects and Antivirals • Public Health Textbook of Influenza is for all those working in the area of influenza including clinical and basic scientists, immunologists, molecular and structural virologists, public health officials and global pandemic control planners.
Download or read book Advances in Planar Lipid Bilayers and Liposomes written by Ales Iglic and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-09-04 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Planar Lipid Bilayers and Liposomes volumes cover a broad range of topics, including main arrangements of the reconstituted system, namely planar lipid bilayers as well as spherical liposomes. The invited authors present the latest results of their own research groups in this exciting multidisciplinary field. Incorporates contributions from newcomers and established and experienced researchers Explores the planar lipid bilayer systems and spherical liposomes from both theoretical and experimental perspectives Serves as an indispensable source of information for new scientists
Download or read book Structural Virology written by Mavis Agbandje-McKenna and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2010-11-11 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last ten years, much effort has been devoted to improving the biophysical techniques used in the study of viruses. This has resulted in the visualization of these large macromolecular assemblages at atomic level, thus providing the platform for functional interpretation and therapeutic design. Structural Virology covers a wide range of topics and is split into three sections. The first discusses the vast biophysical methodologies used in structural virology, including sample production and purification, confocal microscopy, mass spectrometry, negative-stain and cryo-electron microscopy, X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The second discusses the role of virus capsid protein structures in determining the functional roles required for receptor recognition, cellular entry, capsid assembly, genome packaging and mechanisms of host immune system evasion. The last section discusses therapeutic strategies based on virus protein structures, including the design of antiviral drugs and the development of viral capsids as vehicles for foreign gene delivery. Each topic covered will begin with a review of the current literature followed by a more detailed discussion of experimental procedures, a step in the viral life cycle, or strategies for therapeutic development. With contributions from experts in the field of structural biology and virology this exceptional monograph will appeal to biomedical scientists involved in basic and /or applied research on viruses. It also provides up-to-date reference material for students entering the field of structural virology as well as scientists already familiar with the area.
Download or read book The Machinery of Life written by David S. Goodsell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A journey into the sub-microscopic world of molecular machines. Readers are first introduced to the types of molecules built by cells: proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and polysaccharides. Then, in a series of distinctive illustrations, the reader is guided through the interior world of cells, exploring the ways in which molecules work in concert to perform the processes of living. Finally, the author shows us how vitamins, viruses, poisons, and drugs each have their effects on the molecules in our bodies. David Goodsell, author and illustrator, has prepared a fascinating introduction to biochemistry for the non-specialist. His book combines a lucid text with an abundance of drawings and computer graphics that present the world of cells and their components in a truly unique way.
Download or read book Animal Influenza written by David E. Swayne and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-10-14 with total page 755 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Animal Influenza, Second Edition is a comprehensive text on animal influenza. Organized by species, coverage includes avian, swine, equine and mammals, with each section including data on influenza viruses, the infection and disease they cause, and strategies used in control. Covers the full range of topics within avian, swine, equine and mammalian influenzas in one comprehensive and authoritative text Provides a summarization of peer-reviewed and empirical data on influenza viruses, the infection, and diseases they cause Discusses strategies used in control of the disease Leading experts are drawn together to provide an international and multi-disciplinary perspective Fuses latest developments in basic scientific research with practical guidance on management of the disease
Download or read book Measles Virus Nucleoprotein written by Sonia Longhi and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2007 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Measles virus possesses a non segmented, single stranded, negative sense RNA genome that is encapsidated by the nucleoprotein to form a helical nucleocapsid. This ribonucleoproteic complex is the substrate for both transcription and replication. The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase binds to the nucleocapsid template via its co-factor, the phosphoprotein. This book focuses on the main structural information available on the nucleoprotein, showing that it consists of a structured core (NCORE) and of an intrinsically disordered C-terminal domain (NTAIL). The functional implications of the disordered nature of NTAIL are discussed in light of the ability of disordered regions to establish interactions with multiple partners, thus leading to multiple biological effects. Indeed, beyond the phosphoprotein, NTAIL also interacts with cellular partners, including the major heat shock protein, hsp72, the interferon regulator factor 3, IRF3, and a yet unidentified cellular receptor referred to as NR. This book consists of two chapters devoted to the general functions of the nucleoprotein in transcription and replication and to a detailed overview of its structural properties, and of three chapters focused on the functional relevance of the interaction between NTAIL and its various intracellular and extracellular partners.
Download or read book Ribosome Structure and Protein Biosynthesis written by Aleksandr Sergeevich Spirin and published by Benjamin-Cummings Publishing Company. This book was released on 1986 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
