Download or read book Studies on the Spray Drift of Plant Protection Products written by Heinz Ganzelmeier and published by . This book was released on 1995-01 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Influence of Weather on the Efficiency and Safety of Pesticide Application written by British Crop Protection Council. Research and Development Committee and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Spray Drift from Knapsack Sprayers written by A.C. Franke and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Crop Spraying and the Health of Residents and Bystanders written by Great Britain. Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2007 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report addresses a complex and controversial issue: the human health risks associated with the use of agricultural pesticides. Some people are extremely concerned about their potential exposure to pesticides, arising because they occupy properties adjacent to farmland or because they have (or have had) access to such land, for example when using footpaths. The official position in the UK in response to these concerns has been that a robust approach to the assessment of human health risks associated with pesticide exposure already exists; and that there is no scientific case for taking additional measures, such as the introduction of no-spray buffer zones, to protect members of the public who may be in the vicinity of a sprayed area. But those who consider themselves to be adversely affected by pesticide spraying have not been reassured, and have continued to campaign for the adoption of more precautionary measures.

Download or read book Spray Drift Management written by Primary Industries Standing Committee and published by CSIRO PUBLISHING. This book was released on 2002 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This practical guide focuses on managing the risks of spray drift and includes information on appropriate handing practices to ensure a safe workplace.

Download or read book Technology in Agriculture written by Fiaz Ahmad and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-10-13 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Food security is one of the primary themes of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. In this regard, agricultural engineering is considered the backbone of agriculture, and agricultural mechanization is considered a helpful way to enhance crop yield and farmers’ profitability. Technology in Agriculture presents research in the field of agricultural engineering technologies and applications in agricultural equipment engineering, biosystem engineering, energy systems engineering, and computers in agriculture. It provides an overview of recent advancements in agricultural engineering and examines key aspects of emerging technologies and their applications. In addition, the book explores modern methodologies such as artificial intelligence and machine learning for agricultural mechanization.

Download or read book Spray Drift for the Assessment of Exposure of Aquatic Organisms to Plant Protection Products in the Netherlands written by J.C. van de Zande and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As part of the Dutch authorisation procedure for pesticides an assessment of the effects on aquatic organisms in surface water adjacent to agricultural fields is required. This in turn requires an exposure assessment for these surface waters. So far, in the current Dutch authorisation procedure spray drift is the only source of exposure. For this reason, a new exposure scenario was developed, which includes also input by drainage and atmospheric deposition. The endpoint of the exposure assessment is the 90th percentile of the annual maximum concentration in all field ditches alongside fruit and avenue nursery-tree fields. In this report, the state-of-the-art of the spray drift data is described for orchard spraying and avenuenursery-tree spraying. The methodology of using a matrix structure is discussed for the assessment of spray drift deposition combining classes of Drift Reducing Technology (DRT) and width of crop free zones for sideways and upward sprayed crops (fruit crops and avenue nursery-trees). Key words: spray drift, air -blast sprayer, Drift Reduction Technology, ISO22866, surface water, crop free zone, orchard spraying, avenue nursery tree spraying.

Download or read book Spray Drift for the Assessment of Exposure of Aquatic Organisms to Plant Protection Products in the Netherlands written by J.C. van de Zande and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Pesticide Application Methods written by Graham Matthews and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-03-31 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PESTICIDE APPLICATION METHODS Pesticide Application Methods is the standard work for all those involved in crop protection. This fully revised and expanded edition provides up-to-date information on the different types of application techniques and how they should be used to ensure efficient and effective pest control. The third edition of this excellent book was published more than 10 years ago, since when a number of important developments have taken place. Examples include changes to legislation both in the EU and USA concerning water quality. This has an impact on how spray is applied and, more particularly, how the sprayer is designed to minimise quantities that remain in the equipment when spraying is completed, and in addition inform how and when the sprayer is cleaned. Concern about spray drift has also continued and has led to more research on how to reduce the amount of spray that moves downwind from a treated area. Important new information on this topic is included within the new edition. Professor Graham Matthews has been joined by two new co-authors to increase the breadth and depth of coverage in this updated edition of Pesticide Application Methods. This important new edition is a commercially significant reference tool and will be of great use and interest to all those working in crop protection, including agricultural entomologists and plant pathologists, pesticide scientists, advisors and consultants, large-scale growers, agricultural and horticultural scientists, agrochemical industry personnel including those involved in equipment supply and product formulation. Libraries in government and commercial research establishments, universities and agricultural colleges where agricultural and biological sciences are studied and taught should have multiple copies of this definitive book on their shelves.

Download or read book Spray Drift Exposure Assessment written by RW. Holst and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Pesticide Registration Guidelines and certain regulations governing the application of pesticides under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) have undergone changes in recent years. In the area of spray drift evaluation, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is still actively pursuing technical and scientific questions associated with pesticide drift and the possible exposure of humans, animals, and plants to spray drift. A problem still to be addressed is that of building a comprehensive data base of downwind quantification and droplet distribution data through the use of wind tunnel studies or direct in-flight assessments. The specific data requirements for these studies have not as yet been completed. In the areas of application safety and precautionary statements, the EPA has increasingly worked with the individual states and through the State-Federal Issues Research and Evaluation Group (SFIREG). Coordinated work is continuing with other federal agencies and interested groups in the areas of spray drift research and pesticide application methodology through such programs as Self-Regulating Application and Flight Efficiency (SAFE) and Pesticide Applicator Training (PAT). Also within this effort is the application of numerous exposure models in a broad spectrum of environmental fate determinations. These models are based on an ever-increasing amount of data with corroboration by monitoring studies. The spray drift models will be used for exposure analysis by registrants and EPA personnel and by pesticide applicators for application safety and efficiency. These various aspects of pesticide data generation, modeling, and group interaction comprise part of the EPA's continuing effort to provide sensible and current regulation of pesticide application and use in order to ensure the availability of necessary pesticides and still protect the environment.

Download or read book Spray Drift Deposition on Off field Zones Next to Field Crops Using Drift Reducing Technologies in the Netherlands written by J.C. van de Zande and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Dutch government’s policy (Environmental Activities Decree, Sustainable Crop Protection 2) has set goals for the reduction of the emission of plant protection products into the environment. Data are needed on actual spray drift and drift reducing measures when spraying a plant protection product to support decision making on the authorisation of the use of plant protection products in different crop types (Board for the Authorisation of Plant Protection Products and Biocides, Ctgb). The WUR Drift Calculator (WDC) is introduced in 2021 for use in the authorisation procedure of plant protection products (Ctgb) from January 2022 onwards. The WDC is based on updated spray drift data from spray drift measurements in the period 1995-2005. This means ongoing and new procedures up till that date of introduction may still use the spray drift values as used in the authorisation procedure and based on spray drift measurements in the period 1995-1999. This report provides tables of spray drift deposition from boom spray applications on the different evaluation zones until the WDC is in place in the authorisation procedures. Results are presented in a matrix of Drift Reducing Technology (DRT) versus crop-free buffer zone for applications in a bare ground situation and a crop situation. Data were extrapolated from performed spray drift experiments; in order to assess spray drift deposits for the distance at which the off-field threshold level to protect non-target terrestrial arthropods (NTA), non-target terrestrial plants (NTP) and surface water (SW) is likely to be met when spraying a plant protection product onto a crop, or onto a bare soil/short crop situation. When using boom sprayers in field crops, in the authorisation procedure the standard spray drift deposition on the off-field evaluation zone was 10% of the applied dose for non-target arthropods (NTA), 4.7% for non- target plants (NTP) and 1.0% for surface water (SW) until the end of 2017. Since the 1st of January 2018 the Environmental Activities Decree prescribes the compulsory use of at least DRT75 (75% drift reducing techniques) to be used on the whole field. This means spray drift deposition on the off-field evaluation zone changed to 5.5% for non-target arthropods (NTA), 0.9% for non-target plants (NTP) and 0.5% for surface water (SW). These values are based on a conventional boom sprayer application with standard non drift- reducing flat fan nozzles (until end of 2017) and a DRT75 from January 2018 and a spray boom height of 50 cm above the crop canopy. For arable crops, spray drift deposition is evaluated at a 1.0 m wide zone at 0.5-1.5 m for NTA and at 1.5-2.5 m distance for NTP relative to the centre of the last crop row and for SW at 1.5-2.5 m from the field edge or top of the bank of the surface water body. For NTA/NTP the last crop row is defined at 1.0 m from the edge of the field, whereas for SW it is at 1.50 m from the top of the bank for intensively sprayed crops and at 0.50 m for other crops. Spray drift was investigated for a standard application technique and various drift-reducing techniques, for both a mature crop (height >20 cm) and a situation with bare soil of short crop (height

Download or read book A Review of the Factors Affecting Pesticide Spray Drift written by J. Maybank and published by Saskatoon : Saskatchewan Research Council. This book was released on 1984 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fundamentals of Weed Science written by Robert Zimdahl and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamentals of Weed Science provides an introduction to the basic principles of weed science for undergraduate courses. It discusses several aspects of weed biology and control, and traces the history of herbicide development. The book begins with an introduction to weeds, covering their definition, characteristics, harmful aspects, and the cost of weed control. This is followed chapters on weed classification, the uses of weeds, weed biology, weed ecology, allelopathy, the significance of plant competition, weed management and control methods, and biological weed control. Later chapters deal with herbicidesthe most important weed control tools and the ones with the greatest potential for untoward effects. Students of weed science must understand herbicides and the factors governing their use as well as the potential for misuse. These chapters discuss chemical weed control, the properties and uses of herbicides, factors affecting herbicide performance, herbicide application, herbicide formulation, ecological impact of herbicides, pesticide registration and legislation, weed management systems, and the future of weed science.

Download or read book Pesticides written by Graham Matthews and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-10-26 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crop protection continues to be an important component of modern farming to maintain food production to feed an expanding human population, but considerable changes have occurred in the regulation of pesticides in Europe in the last decade. The aim has been to reduce their impact on people and the environment. This has resulted in a major reduction in the number of chemicals approved for application on crops. In other parts of the world, a continuing expansion in the growing of genetically modified crops has also changed the pattern of pesticide use. In this second edition, Graham Matthews, updates how pesticides are registered and applied and the techniques used to mitigate their effects in the environment. Information on operator safety, protection of workers in crops treated with pesticides and spray drift affecting those who live in farming areas is also discussed. By bringing together the most recent research on pesticides in a single volume, this book provides a vital up to date resource for agricultural scientists, agronomists, plant scientists, plant pathologists, entomologists, environmental scientists, public health personnel, toxicologists and others working in the agrochemical industry and governments. It should assist development of improvements in harmonising regulation of pesticides in countries with limited resources for registration of pesticides.

Download or read book Forestry Pesticide Aerial Spraying written by J.J. Picot and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduced to the technical aspects of forestry aerial spraying in the mid-1970's, we were immediately impressed by the complexity of the process of delivering pesticide to foliage. At that time, there was a vigorous public debate in New Brunswick about the ecological and public h~alth impacts of the annual spray program for the control of defoliation of spruce and fir trees by the spruce budworm. The forest industry is important to the province and changes to the established procedures of budworm control could have major economic implications. A rational debate required reliable information about the mechanics of the spraying process. There was a need to supply missing information as to required pesticide application rates, atomizer performance, off-target drift and deposit, and the effects of weather and aircraft operating factors. We were invited to initiate a research program in this domain by New Brunswick forest management officials, and what follows in this book is a logical and quantitative description of the overall process based on our own research and that of others over the intervening years. After a short introduction to aerial spraying, we begin (Chapter 2) by describing forest stands in terms of their interaction with suspended atmospheric particulate material carried along by the wind and susceptible to deposition on foliage. We introduce foliage simulators and their use in measuring the deposit of sprayed pesticide on foliage, the "biological interface" between pest and pesticide.

Download or read book The Washington Orchard Spray Drift Study written by Ming-Yi Tsai and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Future Role of Pesticides in US Agriculture written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-11-02 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although chemical pesticides safeguard crops and improve farm productivity, they are increasingly feared for their potentially dangerous residues and their effects on ecosystems. The Future Role of Pesticides explores the role of chemical pesticides in the decade ahead and identifies the most promising opportunities for increasing the benefits and reducing the risks of pesticide use. The committee recommends R&D, program, and policy initiatives for federal agriculture authorities and other stakeholders in the public and private sectors. This book presents clear overviews of key factors in chemical pesticide use, including: Advances in genetic engineering not only of pest-resistant crops but also of pests themselves. Problems in pesticide useâ€"concerns about the health of agricultural workers, the ability of pests to develop resistance, issues of public perception, and more. Impending shifts in agricultureâ€"globalization of the economy, biological "invasions" of organisms, rising sensitivity toward cross-border environmental issues, and other trends. With a model and working examples, this book offers guidance on how to assess various pest control strategies available to today's agriculturist.