Download or read book Studies on the Physiology of Methanosarcina Barkeri written by Richard H. Wolkin and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Analysis of Hydrogen Metabolism in Methanosarcina Barkeri Fusaro written by Gargi Kulkarni and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methanogens utilize an unusual energy-conserving electron transport chain that involves reduction of a limited number of electron acceptors to methane (CH4) gas. Previous biochemical studies suggest that the proton pumping F420H2 dehydrogenase (Fpo) plays a crucial role in this process during growth on methanol. However, Methanosarcina barkeri 8́6fpo mutants investigated in Chapter 2 display no measurable phenotype on this substrate. In contrast, 8́6frh mutants lacking the cytoplasmic F420-dependent hydrogenase (Frh) are severely affected in their ability to grow and make methane from methanol, while double 8́6fpo 8́6frh mutants are completely unable to utilize this substrate. These data suggest that while M. barkeri has the flexibility to use the Fpo-dependent electron transport chain when needed, the preferred energy conservation pathway involves production of H2 gas by Frh hydrogenase within the cytoplasm. The H2 can then diffuse out of the cell, where it can be oxidized by the periplasmic methanophenazine-dependent hydrogenase (Vht), with transfer of electrons into the electron transport chain. Consistent with this 0́−H2-cycling0́+ proposal, a conditional vht mutant isolated in Chapter 3, is unable to grow using any of the methanogenic substrates tested under non-permissive conditions, suggesting that Vht is essential for growth of M. barkeri. Moreover, repression of vht expression results in a rapid increase in H2 partial pressure, which supports the hypothesis that Vht is required for H2 uptake. H2 accumulation in the culture headspace of conditional vht mutant is accompanied with cessation of methanogenesis and growth, implying that H2 uptake is essential for anaerobic respiration and viability. In contrast, Vht is not essential in mutants lacking the H2-producing Frh hydrogenase. This is consistent with the hypothesis that Vht is required for H2 uptake, only when Frh produces H2, that is, Frh and Vht hydrogenases are functionally coupled in a 0́−H2-cycling0́+ energy conservation mechanism. Because production of H2 by Frh consumes protons within the cytoplasm and oxidation of H2 by Vht releases protons outside the cell, this electron transport chain is capable of establishing a trans-membrane proton gradient that can be used to make ATP by the ATP synthase. Our study provides the first direct experimental evidence for H2-cycling, since it was proposed to be involved in energy conservation in sulfate-reducing bacteria in 1981. To further dissect the roles of these hydrogenases in M. barkeri physiology, I constructed a series of hydrogenase deletion mutants in various combinations in Chapter 4, including a mutant that is devoid of all three types of hydrogenases, ferredoxin-dependent Ech, Frh and Vht. My data show that each of the three types of hydrogenases is needed for growth via the CO2 reduction pathway. In contrast, none of the hydrogenases is essential during methylotrophic growth, indicating the presence of H2-independent electron transport chains, which are able to support wild-type growth yields. Either Vht or Ech hydrogenase alone can support growth using the methyl respiration pathway. However, both Ech and Vht hydrogenases are required for acetate utilization. The data presented in chapter 4 also suggest that Ech and/or Frh hydrogenases block the methyl oxidative pathway by catalyzing conversion of H2 to Fdred and F420H2, respectively. In addition, evidence is provided for involvement of Hyp proteins in maturation of Ech hydrogenase. This work highlights the similarities and differences between H2-independent electron transport chains of the hydrogenotroph M. barkeri and the non-hydrogenotroph Methanosarcina acetivorans.
Download or read book Methanogenesis written by James G. Ferry and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 541 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the general recognition of the Archaebacteria, research into the evolution, metabolism, molecular biology and ecological roles of these fastidious anaerobes has proceeded at an ever-increasing pace. All possess a very novel biochemistry and many exploit unique ecological niches. Methanogens, which convert one-and-two carbon compounds into the important atmospheric gas methane, are the largest group among the Archaebacteria. Of all microbial groups, methanogens provide perhaps the best opportunity to study evolution because of their phyologenetic diversity and unique biochemistry. Today, the analysis of methanogens is at a threshold. Molecular-biological studies of these microorganisms are revealing more and more processes unique to this group, and in turn, studies of methanogens are providing new perspectives to the broader fields of biochemistry and molecular biology. This volume is the first book to be published on methanogenesis, and it will provide the reader with a comprehensive view of the field and point to future trends.
Download or read book Chemostat Growth Studies and Bioenergetic Aspects of Methanosarcina Barkeri written by John Palmer and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Prokaryotes written by Edward F. DeLong and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-13 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Prokaryotes is a comprehensive, multi-authored, peer reviewed reference work on Bacteria and Achaea. This fourth edition of The Prokaryotes is organized to cover all taxonomic diversity, using the family level to delineate chapters. Different from other resources, this new Springer product includes not only taxonomy, but also prokaryotic biology and technology of taxa in a broad context. Technological aspects highlight the usefulness of prokaryotes in processes and products, including biocontrol agents and as genetics tools. The content of the expanded fourth edition is divided into two parts: Part 1 contains review chapters dealing with the most important general concepts in molecular, applied and general prokaryote biology; Part 2 describes the known properties of specific taxonomic groups. Two completely new sections have been added to Part 1: bacterial communities and human bacteriology. The bacterial communities section reflects the growing realization that studies on pure cultures of bacteria have led to an incomplete picture of the microbial world for two fundamental reasons: the vast majority of bacteria in soil, water and associated with biological tissues are currently not culturable, and that an understanding of microbial ecology requires knowledge on how different bacterial species interact with each other in their natural environment. The new section on human microbiology deals with bacteria associated with healthy humans and bacterial pathogenesis. Each of the major human diseases caused by bacteria is reviewed, from identifying the pathogens by classical clinical and non-culturing techniques to the biochemical mechanisms of the disease process. The 4th edition of The Prokaryotes is the most complete resource on the biology of prokaryotes. The following volumes are published consecutively within the 4th Edition: Prokaryotic Biology and Symbiotic Associations Prokaryotic Communities and Ecophysiology Prokaryotic Physiology and Biochemistry Applied Bacteriology and Biotechnology Human Microbiology Actinobacteria Firmicutes Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria Gammaproteobacteria Deltaproteobacteria and Epsilonproteobacteria Other Major Lineages of Bacteria and the Archaea
Download or read book The Nitrogenase in a Methanogenic Archaebacterium and Its Regulation written by Stephen H. Zinder and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this project are to gain an understanding of the process of nitrogen fixation in the methanogenic archaebacterium, Methanosarcina barkeri strain 227. Initial studies centered on the growth physiology of M. barkeri under diazotrophic conditions. We have also demonstrated that crude extracts of diazotrophic M. Barkeri reduce acetylene at a very low rate, but apparently reduce dinitrogen to ammonia at a 20-fold higher rate per electron. Among the objectives for the coming year are further characterization of reactions carried out by the nitrogenase in crude extracts, and purification of the nitrogenase enzymes.
Download or read book Biogenesis of Hydrocarbons written by Alfons J. M. Stams and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-14 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book covers the microbiological, environmental and biotechnological aspects of alkane production. Alkanes are important energy-rich compounds on earth. Microbial synthesis of methane and other alkanes is an essential part of the geochemical cycling of carbon and offers perspectives for our biobased economy. This book discusses different aspects of current knowledge of microbial alkane production. Chapters with state of the art information are written by renowned scientists in the field. The chapters are organised into four themed parts:1. Biochemistry of Biogenesis - Hydrocarbons2. Taxonomy, Ecophysiology and Genomics of Biogenesis - Hydrocarbons3. Biogenic Communities: Members, Functional Roles4. Global Consequences of Methane Production
Download or read book Biology of the Nitrogen Cycle written by Hermann Bothe and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Methods in Methane Metabolism written by Amy Claire Rosenzweig and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Produced by microbes on a large scale, methane is an important alternative fuel as well as a potent greenhouse gas. This volume focuses on microbial methane metabolism, which is central to the global carbon cycle. Both methanotrophy and methanogenesis are covered in detail. Topics include isolation and classification of microorganisms, metagenomics approaches, biochemistry of key metabolic enzymes, gene regulation and genetic systems, and field measurements. The state of the art techniques described here will both guide researchers in specific pursuits and educate the wider scientific community about this exciting and rapidly developing field. Topics include isolation and classification of microorganisms, metagenomics approaches, biochemistry of key metabolic enzymes, gene regulation and genetic systems, and field measurements. The state of the art techniques described here will both guide researchers in specific pursuits and educate the wider scientific community about this exciting and rapidly developing field.
Download or read book Epigenetic Technological Applications written by Yujun George Zheng and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-05-30 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epigenetic Technological Applications is a compilation of state-of-the-art technologies involved in epigenetic research. Epigenetics is an exciting new field of biology research, and many technologies are invented and developed specifically for epigenetics study. With chapters covering the latest developments in crystallography, computational modeling, the uses of histones, and more, Epigenetic Technological Applications addresses the question of how these new ideas, procedures, and innovations can be applied to current epigenetics research, and how they can keep pushing discovery forward and beyond the epigenetic realm. Discusses technologies that are critical for epigenetic research and application Includes epigenetic applications for state-of-the-art technologies Contains a global perspective on the future of epigenetics
Download or read book Prokaryotic Metabolism and Physiology written by Byung Hong Kim and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-16 with total page 509 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extensive and up-to-date review of key metabolic processes in bacteria and archaea and how metabolism is regulated under various conditions.
Download or read book Peptide Protein and Enzyme Design written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-08-27 with total page 686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: De Novo Enzyme Design, the newest volume in the Methods in Enzymology series, continues the legacy of this premier serial with quality chapters authored by leaders in the field. This volume includes the design of metal binding maquettes, insertion of non-natural cofactors, Cu metallopeptides, non-covalent interactions in peptide assemblies, peptide binding and bundling, heteronuclear metalloenzymes, florinated peptides, De Novo imaging agents, and protein-protein interaction. Continues the legacy of this premier serial with quality chapters on de novo enzyme design Represents the newest volume in the Methods in Enzymology series, providing premier, quality chapters authored by leaders in the field Ideal reference for those interested in the study of enzyme design that looks at both structure and mechanism
Download or read book Bacterial Physiology and Metabolism written by Byung Hong Kim and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-02-21 with total page 934 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent determination of genome sequences for a wide range of bacteria has made in-depth knowledge of prokaryotic metabolic function essential in order to give biochemical, physiological, and ecological meaning to the genomic information. Clearly describing the important metabolic processes that occur in prokaryotes under different conditions and in different environments, this advanced text provides an overview of the key cellular processes that determine bacterial roles in the environment, biotechnology, and human health. Prokaryotic structure is described as well as the means by which nutrients are transported into cells across membranes. Glucose metabolism through glycolysis and the TCA cycle are discussed, as well as other trophic variations found in prokaryotes, including the use of organic compounds, anaerobic fermentation, anaerobic respiratory processes, and photosynthesis. The regulation of metabolism through control of gene expression and control of the activity of enzymes is also covered, as well as survival mechanisms used under starvation conditions.
Download or read book Essentials of Glycobiology written by Ajit Varki and published by CSHL Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 694 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sugar chains (glycans) are often attached to proteins and lipids and have multiple roles in the organization and function of all organisms. "Essentials of Glycobiology" describes their biogenesis and function and offers a useful gateway to the understanding of glycans.
Download or read book Archaea written by Roger A. Garrett and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-05-12 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduced by Crafoord Prize winner Carl Woese, this volumecombines reviews of the major developments in archaeal researchover the past 10–15 years with more specialized articlesdealing with important recent breakthroughs. Drawing on majorthemes presented at the June 2005 meeting held in Munich to honorthe archaea pioneers Wolfram Zillig and Karl O. Stetter, the bookprovides a thorough survey of the field from its controversialbeginnings to its ongoing expansion to include aspects ofeukaryotic biology. The editors have assembled articles from the premier researchersin this rapidly burgeoning field, including an account by CarlWoese of his original discovery of the Archaea (until 1990 termedarchaebacteria) and the initially mixed reactions of the scientificcommunity. The review chapters and specialized articles address theemerging significance of the Archaea within a broader scientificand technological context, and include accounts of cutting-edgeresearch developments. The book spans archaeal evolution,physiology, and molecular and cellular biology and will be anessential reference for both graduate students and researchers.
Download or read book Biothermodynamics written by Urs von Stockar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-05-30 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the fundamentals of the rapidly growing field of biothermodynamics, showing how thermodynamics can best be applied to applications and processes in biochemical engineering. It describes the rigorous application of thermodynamics in biochemical engineering to rationalize bioprocess development and obviate a substantial fraction of t
Download or read book Natural Attenuation of Fuels and Chlorinated Solvents in the Subsurface written by Todd H. Wiedemeier and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1999-03-08 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first comprehensive guide to one of today's most innovative approaches to environmental contamination Natural attenuation is gaining increasing attention as a nonintrusive, cost-effective alternative to standard remediation techniques for environmental contamination. This landmark work presents the first in-depth examination of the theory, mechanisms, and application of natural attenuation. Written by four internationally recognized leaders in this approach, the book describes both biotic and abiotic natural attenuation processes, focusing on two of the environmental contaminants most frequently encountered in groundwater--fuels and chlorinated solvents. The authors draw on a wealth of combined experience to detail successful techniques for simulating natural attenuation processes and predicting their effectiveness in the field. They also show how natural attenuation works in the real world, using numerous examples and case studies from a wide range of leading-edge projects nationwide involving fuel hydrocarbons and chlorinated solvents. Finally, they discuss the evaluation and assessment of natural attenuation and explore the design of long-term monitoring programs. An indispensable reference for anyone working in environmental remediation, Natural Attenuation of Fuels and Chlorinated Solvents in the Subsurface is essential reading for scientists and engineers in a range of industries, as well as state and federal environmental regulators, and professors and graduate students in environmental or chemical engineering.
