Download or read book Studies on the Inhibition of Protein Synthesis by Vaccinia Virus written by Michael Schrom and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Selective Inhibition of Protein Synthesis by Vaccinia Virus written by Chunxia Lu and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Discriminatory Inhibition of Protein Synthesis in Cell Free Systems by Vaccinia Virus Transcripts written by George Coppola and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Selective Protein Synthesis During Vaccinia Virus induced Host Shutoff written by Pragyesh Dhungel and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During infection, poxvirus makes host cells conducive for viral replication by causing host shutoff that is marked by global inhibition of host protein synthesis. Host shutoff facilitates the reallocation of cellular resources for viral replication and evasion of host antiviral immune responses. However, it poses a challenge for continuous synthesis of crucial cellular proteins and viral proteins that are important for viral replication. It is unclear whether and how viral and specific cellular proteins are selectively synthesized during poxvirus-induced host shutoff. In this dissertation, we elucidated that vaccinia virus boosts viral post-replicative protein synthesis by using the 5'-poly(A) leader at the 5'-UTR. Vaccinia virus has evolutionarily optimized the length of the poly(A) leader, and uninterrupted poly(A) leader is required for promoting poxvirus protein production. During vaccinia virus-induced shutoff, poly(A) leader stipulates viral post-replicative mRNAs an adaptive mechanism to translate efficiently. The poly(A) leader translation was not mediated by an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) mode, albeit poly(A) leader mediates cap-independent mode of translation. Through further investigation, we uncovered a cellular RNA-binding protein La-Related Protein 4 (LARP4) that was repurposed to augment vaccinia virus post-replicative mRNA translation. During VACV infection, LARP4 is enriched in the virus factory where VACV post-replicative mRNAs are translated. A decrease of LARP4 protein level reduces VACV replication, blocks post-replicative protein synthesis, and decreases 5'-poly(A) leader mediated translational advantage. Further studies showed that LARP4 is vital for the cap-independent mode of translation from poly(A) leader. We also showed that infection of vaccinia virus, the prototypic poxvirus, induced selective synthesis of cellular proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation. Using simultaneous RNA-seq and ribosome profiling, we determined the mRNAs encoding proteins for oxidative phosphorylation complexes had increased relative translation efficiency. Indeed, vaccinia virus infection increased the activity of oxidative phosphorylation. Inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation function suppressed vaccinia virus replication significantly. Moreover, the mRNAs of oxidative phosphorylation have short 5'-UTRs with a less complex secondary structure that could confer oxidative phosphorylation mRNAs a translational advantage in vaccinia virus-infected cells during host shutoff. Together, these studies advanced our understanding of how vaccinia virus selectively synthesizes viral and cellular proteins for efficient viral replication during host shutoff. The findings may facilitate the development of novel anti-poxvirus strategies and the improvement of poxviruses as vaccine vectors and anti-cancer agents.
Download or read book Studies on the Inhibition of Protein Synthesis in Cells Infected with Animal Viruses written by Yutaka Nishioka and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Possible Mechanism of Vaccinia Virus induced Shut off of Host Protein Synthesis written by Mei-Jhy Su and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Recombinant Poxviruses written by Matthew M. Binns and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1992-05-27 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recombinant Poxviruses provides a comprehensive examination of poxviruses with an emphasis on the potential of these viruses as new vaccines. The book considers a wide range of issues involved in producing new genetically engineered live vaccines, such as efficacy, safety, stability, cost, host range, immune response, immunization route, use of multivalent vaccines, and need for revaccination. The opening chapter describes the origin of vaccinia virus, its use to eradicate smallpox, and the pathogenesis of poxvirus infections. Subsequent chapters examine the molecular biology of poxviruses, methods of constructing vaccinia virus recombinants, and applications; the use and immune responses induced by poxvirus recombinants as live vaccines; and the important issues of the safety and immunogenicity of vaccinia virus. The book's final two chapters report the progress that has been made developing avipoxviruses and parapoxviruses as candidate recombinant vaccines. Recombinant Poxviruses will be a welcome addition to the bookshelves of virologists, microbiologists, infectious disease specialists, and veterinarians.
Download or read book Selective Inhibitors Of Viral Functions written by W. A. Carter and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-05-04 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I believe there is another good reason for this book. I think it will provide some direction in this growing -- sometimes awkwardly growing field, because it is a legitimate attempt to synthesize our knowledge on antiviral compounds at several levels of organization, including their modes of action, and their activities both in animal infections and clinical medicine.
Download or read book Vaccinia Virus Ribonucleotide Reductase written by Meredith L. Howell and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ribonucleotide reductase is a remarkable enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of the 2'-deoxynucleoside triphosphates. The intent of this project was to characterize the ribonucleotide reductase encoded by the orthopoxvirus, vaccinia. The first objective was to study the structural and functional features of the viral small subunit protein of ribonucleotide reductase. The viral reductase gene was engineered into an expression vector and expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified recombinant protein was then characterized and compared with other ribonucleotide reductase small subunits from different organisms. The physical characteristics of the vaccinia virus enzyme showed a strong similarity to the features of the mammalian counterpart. A second aim of this project was to establish the transcriptional and translational kinetics of ribonucleotide reductase gene expression during the time course of viral infection in cultured mammalian cells. In addition, the activity and stability of the enzyme in the viral system was measured and the accumulation of ribonucleotide reductase protein was quantitated. By also quantitating the accumulation of viral DNA synthesis, a direct comparison can be made between the the synthesis and utilization of deoxynucleotide precursors. A third objective of this work was to detail the mechanism by which hydroxyurea inactivates the vaccinia virus ribonucleotide reductase. Visible spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy clearly demonstrated that the inhibitor destroys the free radical moiety in the viral small subunit protein. In addition, in vivo studies revealed that inhibition by hydroxyurea can be circumvented during viral infection. The exogenous addition of deoxyadenosine reversed the block to viral growth that was imposed by hydroxyurea, and stabilized hydroxyurea induced deoxynucleotide pool imbalances. These inhibition studies suggest that there may be a differential sensitivity of the enzyme towards hydroxyurea in the presence of various substrates.
Download or read book Assessment of Future Scientific Needs for Live Variola Virus written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-04-30 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1980, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared that smallpox had been eradicated. In 1986, WHO's international Ad Hoc Committee on Orthopox Virus Infections unanimously recommended destruction of the two remaining official stocks of variola virus, one at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the other at the VECTOR laboratory in Siberia. In June 1999, WHO decided to delay the destruction of these stocks. Informing that decision was Assessment of Future Scientific Needs for Variola Virus, which examines: Whether the sequenced variola genome, vaccinia, and monkey pox virus are adequate for future research or whether the live variola virus itself is needed to assist in the development of antiviral therapies. What further benefits, if any, would likely be gained through the use of variola in research and development efforts related to agent detection, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. What unique potential benefits, if any, the study of variola would have in increasing our fundamental understanding of the biology, host-agent interactions, pathogenesis, and immune mechanisms of viral diseases.
Download or read book Progress in Nucleic Acid Research and Molecular Biology written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1988-11-01 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Progress in Nucleic Acid Research and Molecular Biology
Download or read book Advances in Virus Research written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2002-08-14 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This latest volume in the Advances in Virus Research series presents articles on topics such as the role of lipid rafts in virus assembly and budding; novel vaccine strategies; treatment of arenavirus infections; the evaluation of drug resistance in HIV infection; perspectives on polydnavirus origin and evolution; bateriophage 29 DNA packaging; the potential of plant viral vectors and transgenic plants for subunit vaccine production; and the interaction of orthopoxviruses with interferon-treated cultured cells. This timely and informative compilation of articles will be of interest to researchers in the fields of virology, immunology, microbiology, and plant science.
Download or read book Human Herpesviruses written by Ann Arvin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-08-16 with total page 1325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive account of the human herpesviruses provides an encyclopedic overview of their basic virology and clinical manifestations. This group of viruses includes human simplex type 1 and 2, Epstein–Barr virus, Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, cytomegalovirus, HHV6A, 6B and 7, and varicella-zoster virus. The viral diseases and cancers they cause are significant and often recurrent. Their prevalence in the developed world accounts for a major burden of disease, and as a result there is a great deal of research into the pathophysiology of infection and immunobiology. Another important area covered within this volume concerns antiviral therapy and the development of vaccines. All these aspects are covered in depth, both scientifically and in terms of clinical guidelines for patient care. The text is illustrated generously throughout and is fully referenced to the latest research and developments.
Download or read book Viruses and Human Disease written by Ellen G. Strauss and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-09-21 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Completely revised and updated, the new edition of this groundbreaking text integrates basic virology with pathophysiological conditions to examine the connection between virology and human disease. Most virology textbooks focus on the molecular biology involved without adequate reference to physiology. This text focuses on viruses that infect humans, domestic animals and vertebrates and is based on extensive course notes from James Strauss' virology class at the California Institute of Technology taught for over 30 years. Expertly depicting in color the molecular structure and replication of each virus, it provides an excellent overview for students and professionals interested in viruses as agents of human disease. - Includes over 30% new material - virtually all of the figures and tables have been redrawn to include the latest information and the text has been extensively rewritten to include the most up-to-date information - Includes a new chapter on emerging and reemerging viral diseases such as avian flu, SARS, the spread of West Nile virus across America, and the continuing spread of Nipah virus in Southeast Asia - Further reading sections at the end of each chapter make it easy find key references - World maps depicting the current distribution of existing and newly emerging viruses are also incorporated into the text
Download or read book Virology Advances in cell biology through virus research written by NIAID Task Force on Virology and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Virology Advances in cell biology through virus research written by National Institutes of Health (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Plant Virology written by Roger Hull and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-31 with total page 1119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The seminal text Plant Virology is now in its fifth edition. It has been 10 years since the publication of the fourth edition, during which there has been an explosion of conceptual and factual advances. The fifth edition of Plant Virology updates and revises many details of the previous edition while retaining the important earlier results that constitute the field's conceptual foundation. Revamped art, along with fully updated references and increased focus on molecular biology, transgenic resistance, aphid transmission, and new, cutting-edge topics, bring the volume up to date and maintain its value as an essential reference for researchers and students in the field. - Thumbnail sketches of each genera and family groups - Genome maps of all genera for which they are known - Genetic engineered resistance strategies for virus disease control - Latest understanding of virus interactions with plants, including gene silencing - Interactions between viruses and insect, fungal, and nematode vectors - Contains over 300 full-color illustrations
