Download or read book Studies on the Inhalation Toxicity of Dyes Present in Colored Smoke Munitions Phase II Studies Range Finding and Toxicokinetics Studies of Inhaled Dye Aerosols written by Rogene F. Henderson and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The USAMBRDL has an interest in the potential inhalation toxicity of yellow dye (SY) and a yellow/green dye mixture (SY/SG) used in colored smoke munitions. In the rangefinding studies, no mortalities or life-threatening lesions were observed in rats exposed for as long as 6 hours per day for 5 days to airborne concentrations greater than 1 g/cu m of either SY or SY/SG. The particle size of the aerosols employed was about 5 micrometers MMAD. In the toxico-kinetic studies, rats inhaled pure 14C-SY aerosols or 14 micrometers C-SY aerosols in combination with SG (a 0.6 ratio of yellow to green by weight). SY was rapidly cleared from the respiratory tract (T sub 1/2-approximately 3 hr.). SG, however, was retained for a longer time (T sub 1/2> 22 days). The major pathway for excretion of SY metabolites was the feces, but some metabolites were also excreted in urine. There was no effect of SG on the kinetics of distribution and elimination of SY. The rapid absorption, distribution, and excretion of SY compared to SG may explain, in part, the differences in lowest toxic concentration observed in the Phase III toxicity studies conducted at ITRI (>250 mg/cu m for SY and> or = 50 mg/cu m for SG).
Download or read book Toxicity of Military Smokes and Obscurants written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-09-24 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A variety of smokes and obscurants have been developed and used to screen armed forces from view, signal friendly forces, and mark positions. Smokes are produced by burning or vaporizing particular products. Obscurants are anthropogenic or naturally occurring particles suspended in the air. They block or weaken transmission of particular parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, such as visible and infrared radiation or microwaves. Fog, mist, and dust are examples of natural obscurants. White phosphorus and hexachloroethane smokes are examples of anthropogenic obscurants. The U.S. Army seeks to reduce the likelihood that exposure to smokes and obscurants during training would have adverse health effects on military personnel or civilians. To protect the health of exposed individuals, the Office of the Army Surgeon General requested that the National Research Council (NRC) independently review data on the toxicity of smokes and obscurants and recommend exposure guidance levels for military personnel in training and for the general public residing or working near military-training facilities.
Download or read book Studies on the Inhalation Toxicity of Dyes Present in Colored Smoke Munitions Aerosol Measurements in the Workplace at Pine Bluff Arkansas written by Rogene F. Henderson and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Lovelace Inhalation Toxicology Research Institute has been conducting inhalation toxicity studies on the organic dyes used in colored smoke munitions to provide a health hazard assessment for the workers engaged in fabrication of these smoke munitions. This report summarizes the results of a field sampling effort at the United States Army's Pine Bluff Arsenal to measure the size distributions and aerosol concentrations to which workers might be exposed. Aerosol samples were taken in the workplace during routine operation of the colored smoke grenade fabrication facility. During this sampling period, the M18 yellow smoke grenade was being produced. Filter samples were used to determine the concentration of airborne dye-containing material and cascade impactors were used to determine the particle size distributions. Aerosol samples were analyzed for solvent yellow (SY) by reverse-phase, high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Dye-containing aerosol concentrations ranged from 0.1 to about 1.5 mg/m3 in the general vicinity of some of the workers. Chemical analyses showed that 40 percent of the total airborne particulate matter was SY dye. Impactor samples indicated that 50-70% of the aerosol was of a size that could be inhaled. Thus the range of air concentrations for worker exposures to the SY dye was
Download or read book Studies on the Inhalation Toxicity of Dyes Present in Colored Smoke Munitions Phase III Studies Four Week Inhalation Exposures of Rats to Dye Aerosols written by D. E. Bice and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The USAMBRDL has an interest in the potential inhalation toxicity of yellow dye (SY) and a yellow/green dye mixture (SY/SG) used in colored smoke munitions. Rats were exposed by inhalation to aerosols of SY or SY/SG generated in a respirable particle size range for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks. Nominal exposure concentrations selected for both dye exposures were 0, 10, 50, and 250 mg/cum. Animals exposed to the highest concentration of SY (230mg/cum) showed only a slight decrease in weight gain (8 percent) and mild respiratory function changes, with no observable histopathological lesions. Exposure to the lower concentrations of SY dye elicited no observed response. Animals exposed to the highest level of SY/SG dye (210 mg/cum) displayed signs of pulmonary inflammation with histopathological evidence of mild Type II pulmonary epithelial cell hyperplasia and proliferation of foamy alveolar macrophages. Some of the animals exposed to the medium concentration of SY/SG dye mixture (49 mg/cum) showed similar signs. Thus, the lowest toxic exposure concentration of SY dye is> or = 230 mg/cum and that of SY/SG dye is> or = 50 mg/cum under the exposure regime used. Originator supplied keywords include: Solvent Yellow; Solvent Green; 2-(2'-quinolyl)-1,3-indandione, 1,4-di-p-toluidinoanthraquinone.
Download or read book Studies on the Inhalation Toxicity of Dyes Present in Colored Smoke Munitions Phase IV 90 Day Inhalation Exposures of Rats to Dye Aerosols written by Rogene Henderson and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Army has an interest in the potential inhalation toxicity of yellow dye (SY) and a yellow/green dye mixture (SY/SG) used in colored smoke munitions. Rats were exposed by inhalation to aerosols of SY or SY/SG generated in a respirable particle size range (2.1-4.2 micrometers mass median aerodynamic diameter) for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for a period of 90 days. The objective was to determine an exposure concentration that produced no observable adverse effects. Nominal exposure concentration that produced no observable adverse effects. Nominal exposure concentrations selected for both dye exposures were 0, 1, 10, and 100 mg/cu.m. Actual concentrations were within 10% of these nominal concentrations. Animals exposed to the highest concentration of SY (100 mg/cu.m) had only a slight decrease in body weight gain of 4 percent compared to control animals and an accumulation of foamy macrophages in lungs. Exposure to the lower concentrations of SY dye elicited no observed response. Animals exposed to the highest level of SY/SG dye (100 mg/cu.m) had pulmonary inflammation (as judged by increased lactate dehydrogenase activity, protein and neutrophil numbers in lung lavage fluid) with histopathological evidence of mild Type II pulmonary epithelial cell hyperplasia and proliferation of foamy alveolar macrophages. Some of the animals exposed to the medium concentration of SY/SG dye mixture (10 mg/cu.m) produced similar, but milder histopathological results. Thus, the no- observable-adverse effects level for inhalation exposure to SY dye was 10 mg/cu. m while that of SY/SG dye was 1 mg/cu.m under the exposure regime used.
Download or read book Studies on the Inhalation Toxicity of Dyes Present in Colored Smoke Munitions Phase I Studies Generation and Characterization of Dye Aerosol written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The USAMBRDL has an interest in the potential inhalation toxicity of yellow dye (SY) and a yellow/green dye mixture (SY/SG) used in colored smoke munitions. A method for generation of respirable size particles of SY and SY/SG dye materials for inhalation toxicity studies with these dyes has been developed.
Download or read book Studies on the Inhalation Toxicity of Dyes Present in Colored Smoke Munitions written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 1132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1986-03 with total page 1278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Genotoxicity of Dyes Present in Colored Smoke Munitions written by Rogene F. Henderson and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Lovelace Inhalation Toxicology Research Institute has been coduction genetic toxicology studies on organic dyes used in colored smoke munitions. This report summarizes the results of tests to determine the genotoxic potency of the dyes toward both bacteria and mammalian cells in vitro. The tests were conducted to detect mutations in bacteria and mammalian cells and to determine cell killing, alterations in cell cycle kinetics, sister chromatid exchanges, and chromosome aberration induction in mammalian cells. The dyes evaluated in the report include Solvent Red 24, Solvent Red 1, Disperse Red 11 and terephthalic acid. Disperse Red 11 had chemical contamination that seemed to be responsible for some mutagenic activity. Keywords: Disperse Red 11, Solvent Red 24, Solvent Red 1, Genotoxicity, Dyes, Disperse Red 15.
Download or read book A Review of the Toxicology of Colored Chemical Smokes and Colored Smoke Dyes written by Edmund J. Owens and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Toxicity of Military Smokes and Obscurants written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-05-09 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Inhalation Toxicology of Red and Violet Dye Mixtures Chamber Concentration and Particle Size Distribution Report written by Mark A. Higuchi and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An inhalation exposure facility was developed at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, to conduct inhalation exposures of rodents and guinea pigs to dye mixtures used by the U.S. Army in the manufacture of smoke munitions. Initially, an evaluation of the prototype chamber aerosol homogeneity was conducted to determine the uniformity and reproducibility of the concentration and particle size of dye aerosol throughout the breathing zone of the test animals(Davies, et al.) The red grenade mixture was formulated by combining the anthraquinone dye Disperse Red 11 (DR11) and the azo dye Solvent Red 1 (SR1); the violet grenade mixture was formulated from DR11 and Disperse Blue 3 (DB3), another anthraquinone dye. The three dyes, DR11, SR1, and DB3, were chemically analyzed for purity and optically examined for size and shape. All pure dyes appeared to be stable at room temperature except DB3, which decomposes if not stored at 4C. The particle size ranges varied for each pure dye and structures were either amorphous(azo dye) or crystalline(anthraquinone dyes).
Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Lead written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Dinitrophenols written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of hair in health and disease written by Victor R. Preedy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-05-23 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hair is a major component of the body's tissue system that contributes to the individual's make up and confers a large degree of personal identity. Apart from its visible façade, hair also has a functional role. It has an unique structure and complex molecular development. The very nature of hair makes it a suitable marker for the prognosis of disease. Hair can also be used to screen for toxins and changes in the diet. However, there are currently no suitable publications available that describe hair in a rational scientific context. This handbook provides an academic approach to hair in health and disease. Divided into five sections the Handbook of Hair in Health and Disease provides an insight into hair growth and loss, molecular and cellular biology of hair, dietary toxicity and pathological history, diseases and treatments of hair, as well as shampoos and conditioners. Unique features of each chapter in this volume include relevant and useful 'Key facts' which highlight interesting or important findings of the specific subjects and 'Summary points' that will give a clear overview of the subjects treated in each chapter. The Handbook of Hair in Health and Disease will be essential to a variety of users, such as trichologists, doctors and nurses and all those interested or working within the area of hair health. This includes nutritionists and dieticians, scientific beauticians, health workers and practitioners, college and university lecturers and undergraduate and graduate students.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Toxicology written by Bruce Anderson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-05-31 with total page 9894 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of the Encyclopedia of Toxicology continues its comprehensive survey of toxicology. This new edition continues to present entries devoted to key concepts and specific chemicals. There has been an increase in entries devoted to international organizations and well-known toxic-related incidents such as Love Canal and Chernobyl. Along with the traditional scientifically based entries, new articles focus on the societal implications of toxicological knowledge including environmental crimes, chemical and biological warfare in ancient times, and a history of the U.S. environmental movement. With more than 1150 entries, this second edition has been expanded in length, breadth and depth, and provides an extensive overview of the many facets of toxicology. Also available online via ScienceDirect – featuring extensive browsing, searching, and internal cross-referencing between articles in the work, plus dynamic linking to journal articles and abstract databases, making navigation flexible and easy. For more information, pricing options and availability visit www.info.sciencedirect.com. *Second edition has been expanded to 4 volumes *Encyclopedic A-Z arrangement of chemicals and all core areas of the science of toxicology *Covers related areas such as organizations, toxic accidents, historical and social issues, and laws *New topics covered include computational toxicology, cancer potency factors, chemical accidents, non-lethal chemical weapons, drugs of abuse, and consumer products and many more!
