Download or read book Studies on the Inhalation Toxicity of Dyes Present in Colored Smoke Munitions Phase I Studies Generation and Characterization of Dye Aerosol written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The USAMBRDL has an interest in the potential inhalation toxicity of yellow dye (SY) and a yellow/green dye mixture (SY/SG) used in colored smoke munitions. A method for generation of respirable size particles of SY and SY/SG dye materials for inhalation toxicity studies with these dyes has been developed.
Download or read book Studies on the Inhalation Toxicity of Dyes Present in Colored Smoke Munitions Aerosol Measurements in the Workplace at Pine Bluff Arkansas written by Rogene F. Henderson and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Lovelace Inhalation Toxicology Research Institute has been conducting inhalation toxicity studies on the organic dyes used in colored smoke munitions to provide a health hazard assessment for the workers engaged in fabrication of these smoke munitions. This report summarizes the results of a field sampling effort at the United States Army's Pine Bluff Arsenal to measure the size distributions and aerosol concentrations to which workers might be exposed. Aerosol samples were taken in the workplace during routine operation of the colored smoke grenade fabrication facility. During this sampling period, the M18 yellow smoke grenade was being produced. Filter samples were used to determine the concentration of airborne dye-containing material and cascade impactors were used to determine the particle size distributions. Aerosol samples were analyzed for solvent yellow (SY) by reverse-phase, high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Dye-containing aerosol concentrations ranged from 0.1 to about 1.5 mg/m3 in the general vicinity of some of the workers. Chemical analyses showed that 40 percent of the total airborne particulate matter was SY dye. Impactor samples indicated that 50-70% of the aerosol was of a size that could be inhaled. Thus the range of air concentrations for worker exposures to the SY dye was
Download or read book Studies on the Inhalation Toxicity of Dyes Present in Colored Smoke Munitions Phase II Studies Range Finding and Toxicokinetics Studies of Inhaled Dye Aerosols written by Rogene F. Henderson and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The USAMBRDL has an interest in the potential inhalation toxicity of yellow dye (SY) and a yellow/green dye mixture (SY/SG) used in colored smoke munitions. In the rangefinding studies, no mortalities or life-threatening lesions were observed in rats exposed for as long as 6 hours per day for 5 days to airborne concentrations greater than 1 g/cu m of either SY or SY/SG. The particle size of the aerosols employed was about 5 micrometers MMAD. In the toxico-kinetic studies, rats inhaled pure 14C-SY aerosols or 14 micrometers C-SY aerosols in combination with SG (a 0.6 ratio of yellow to green by weight). SY was rapidly cleared from the respiratory tract (T sub 1/2-approximately 3 hr.). SG, however, was retained for a longer time (T sub 1/2> 22 days). The major pathway for excretion of SY metabolites was the feces, but some metabolites were also excreted in urine. There was no effect of SG on the kinetics of distribution and elimination of SY. The rapid absorption, distribution, and excretion of SY compared to SG may explain, in part, the differences in lowest toxic concentration observed in the Phase III toxicity studies conducted at ITRI (>250 mg/cu m for SY and> or = 50 mg/cu m for SG).
Download or read book Studies on the Inhalation Toxicity of Dyes Present in Colored Smoke Munitions Phase III Studies Four Week Inhalation Exposures of Rats to Dye Aerosols written by D. E. Bice and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The USAMBRDL has an interest in the potential inhalation toxicity of yellow dye (SY) and a yellow/green dye mixture (SY/SG) used in colored smoke munitions. Rats were exposed by inhalation to aerosols of SY or SY/SG generated in a respirable particle size range for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks. Nominal exposure concentrations selected for both dye exposures were 0, 10, 50, and 250 mg/cum. Animals exposed to the highest concentration of SY (230mg/cum) showed only a slight decrease in weight gain (8 percent) and mild respiratory function changes, with no observable histopathological lesions. Exposure to the lower concentrations of SY dye elicited no observed response. Animals exposed to the highest level of SY/SG dye (210 mg/cum) displayed signs of pulmonary inflammation with histopathological evidence of mild Type II pulmonary epithelial cell hyperplasia and proliferation of foamy alveolar macrophages. Some of the animals exposed to the medium concentration of SY/SG dye mixture (49 mg/cum) showed similar signs. Thus, the lowest toxic exposure concentration of SY dye is> or = 230 mg/cum and that of SY/SG dye is> or = 50 mg/cum under the exposure regime used. Originator supplied keywords include: Solvent Yellow; Solvent Green; 2-(2'-quinolyl)-1,3-indandione, 1,4-di-p-toluidinoanthraquinone.
Download or read book Studies on the Inhalation Toxicity of Dyes Present in Colored Smoke Munitions Phase IV 90 Day Inhalation Exposures of Rats to Dye Aerosols written by Rogene Henderson and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Army has an interest in the potential inhalation toxicity of yellow dye (SY) and a yellow/green dye mixture (SY/SG) used in colored smoke munitions. Rats were exposed by inhalation to aerosols of SY or SY/SG generated in a respirable particle size range (2.1-4.2 micrometers mass median aerodynamic diameter) for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for a period of 90 days. The objective was to determine an exposure concentration that produced no observable adverse effects. Nominal exposure concentration that produced no observable adverse effects. Nominal exposure concentrations selected for both dye exposures were 0, 1, 10, and 100 mg/cu.m. Actual concentrations were within 10% of these nominal concentrations. Animals exposed to the highest concentration of SY (100 mg/cu.m) had only a slight decrease in body weight gain of 4 percent compared to control animals and an accumulation of foamy macrophages in lungs. Exposure to the lower concentrations of SY dye elicited no observed response. Animals exposed to the highest level of SY/SG dye (100 mg/cu.m) had pulmonary inflammation (as judged by increased lactate dehydrogenase activity, protein and neutrophil numbers in lung lavage fluid) with histopathological evidence of mild Type II pulmonary epithelial cell hyperplasia and proliferation of foamy alveolar macrophages. Some of the animals exposed to the medium concentration of SY/SG dye mixture (10 mg/cu.m) produced similar, but milder histopathological results. Thus, the no- observable-adverse effects level for inhalation exposure to SY dye was 10 mg/cu. m while that of SY/SG dye was 1 mg/cu.m under the exposure regime used.
Download or read book Studies on the Inhalation Toxicity of Dyes Present in Colored Smoke Munitions written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1986-11 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 1096 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index Keyword A L written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 1092 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Genotoxicity of Dyes Present in Colored Smoke Munitions written by Rogene F. Henderson and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Lovelace Inhalation Toxicology Research Institute has been coduction genetic toxicology studies on organic dyes used in colored smoke munitions. This report summarizes the results of tests to determine the genotoxic potency of the dyes toward both bacteria and mammalian cells in vitro. The tests were conducted to detect mutations in bacteria and mammalian cells and to determine cell killing, alterations in cell cycle kinetics, sister chromatid exchanges, and chromosome aberration induction in mammalian cells. The dyes evaluated in the report include Solvent Red 24, Solvent Red 1, Disperse Red 11 and terephthalic acid. Disperse Red 11 had chemical contamination that seemed to be responsible for some mutagenic activity. Keywords: Disperse Red 11, Solvent Red 24, Solvent Red 1, Genotoxicity, Dyes, Disperse Red 15.
Download or read book A Review of the Toxicology of Colored Chemical Smokes and Colored Smoke Dyes written by Edmund J. Owens and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Inhalation Toxicology of Red and Violet Dye Mixtures Chamber Concentration and Particle Size Distribution Report written by Mark A. Higuchi and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An inhalation exposure facility was developed at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, to conduct inhalation exposures of rodents and guinea pigs to dye mixtures used by the U.S. Army in the manufacture of smoke munitions. Initially, an evaluation of the prototype chamber aerosol homogeneity was conducted to determine the uniformity and reproducibility of the concentration and particle size of dye aerosol throughout the breathing zone of the test animals(Davies, et al.) The red grenade mixture was formulated by combining the anthraquinone dye Disperse Red 11 (DR11) and the azo dye Solvent Red 1 (SR1); the violet grenade mixture was formulated from DR11 and Disperse Blue 3 (DB3), another anthraquinone dye. The three dyes, DR11, SR1, and DB3, were chemically analyzed for purity and optically examined for size and shape. All pure dyes appeared to be stable at room temperature except DB3, which decomposes if not stored at 4C. The particle size ranges varied for each pure dye and structures were either amorphous(azo dye) or crystalline(anthraquinone dyes).
Download or read book Inhalation Toxicology Studies of Aerosolized Products Final Report written by United States. Food and Drug Administration and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Lead written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Toxicity of Military Smokes and Obscurants written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-09-24 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A variety of smokes and obscurants have been developed and used to screen armed forces from view, signal friendly forces, and mark positions. Smokes are produced by burning or vaporizing particular products. Obscurants are anthropogenic or naturally occurring particles suspended in the air. They block or weaken transmission of particular parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, such as visible and infrared radiation or microwaves. Fog, mist, and dust are examples of natural obscurants. White phosphorus and hexachloroethane smokes are examples of anthropogenic obscurants. The U.S. Army seeks to reduce the likelihood that exposure to smokes and obscurants during training would have adverse health effects on military personnel or civilians. To protect the health of exposed individuals, the Office of the Army Surgeon General requested that the National Research Council (NRC) independently review data on the toxicity of smokes and obscurants and recommend exposure guidance levels for military personnel in training and for the general public residing or working near military-training facilities.
Download or read book Pathology of the Lungs E Book written by Bryan Corrin and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2011-02-25 with total page 785 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With an emphasis on practical diagnostic problem solving, Pathology of the Lungs, 3rd Edition provides the pulmonary pathologist and the general surgical pathologist with an accessible, comprehensive guide to the recognition and interpretation of common and rare neoplastic and non-neoplastic lung conditions. The text is written by two authors and covers all topics in a consistent manner without the redundancies or lapses that are common in multi-authored texts. The text is lavishly illustrated with the highest quality illustrations which accurately depict the histologic, immunohistochemical and cytologic findings under consideration and it is supplemented throughout with practical tips and advice from two internationally respected experts. The user-friendly design and format allows rapid access to essential information and the incorporation throughout of relevant clinical and radiographic information makes it a complete diagnostic resource inside the reporting room. Approximately 1,000 high quality full color illustrations.Provides the user with a complete visual guide to each specimen and assists in the recognition and diagnosis of any slide looked at under the microscope. Comprehensive coverage of both common and rare lung diseases and disorders. One stop consultation resource for the reporting room or study, no need to go further to get questions answered. Clinical background and ancillary radiographs incorporated throughout.Provides the user with all of the necessary diagnostic tools to make a complete and accurate pathologic report. Practical advice and tips from two of the world’s recognized experts. Provides the trainee and general surgical pathologist with time saving diagnostic clues when dealing with difficult specimens. Consistent and uniform approach incorporated for each disease and disorder (Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, pathologic features, differential diagnosis) User-friendly format enables quick and easy navigation to the key information required. Extensive use of summary tables, charts and graphs throughout the text. Helps simplify and clarify complex concepts and facilitates “at a glance comparisons between entities. Extensive reference list highlights landmark articles as well as including most up-to-date citations. Directs the trainee and practitioner to the most recent and authoritative sources for further reading and investigation
Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Dinitrophenols written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
