Download or read book Studies on the Genetics and Breeding of Maize Zea Mays L for Cold Tolerance and Early Maturity written by Obaid Tahir Hassan and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Quantitative Genetics in Maize Breeding written by Arnel R. Hallauer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-28 with total page 669 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maize is used in an endless list of products that are directly or indirectly related to human nutrition and food security. Maize is grown in producer farms, farmers depend on genetically improved cultivars, and maize breeders develop improved maize cultivars for farmers. Nikolai I. Vavilov defined plant breeding as plant evolution directed by man. Among crops, maize is one of the most successful examples for breeder-directed evolution. Maize is a cross-pollinated species with unique and separate male and female organs allowing techniques from both self and cross-pollinated crops to be utilized. As a consequence, a diverse set of breeding methods can be utilized for the development of various maize cultivar types for all economic conditions (e.g., improved populations, inbred lines, and their hybrids for different types of markets). Maize breeding is the science of maize cultivar development. Public investment in maize breeding from 1865 to 1996 was $3 billion (Crosbie et al., 2004) and the return on investment was $260 billion as a consequence of applied maize breeding, even without full understanding of the genetic basis of heterosis. The principles of quantitative genetics have been successfully applied by maize breeders worldwide to adapt and improve germplasm sources of cultivars for very simple traits (e.g. maize flowering) and very complex ones (e.g., grain yield). For instance, genomic efforts have isolated early-maturing genes and QTL for potential MAS but very simple and low cost phenotypic efforts have caused significant and fast genetic progress across genotypes moving elite tropical and late temperate maize northward with minimal investment. Quantitative genetics has allowed the integration of pre-breeding with cultivar development by characterizing populations genetically, adapting them to places never thought of (e.g., tropical to short-seasons), improving them by all sorts of intra- and inter-population recurrent selection methods, extracting lines with more probability of success, and exploiting inbreeding and heterosis. Quantitative genetics in maize breeding has improved the odds of developing outstanding maize cultivars from genetically broad based improved populations such as B73. The inbred-hybrid concept in maize was a public sector invention 100 years ago and it is still considered one of the greatest achievements in plant breeding. Maize hybrids grown by farmers today are still produced following this methodology and there is still no limit to genetic improvement when most genes are targeted in the breeding process. Heterotic effects are unique for each hybrid and exotic genetic materials (e.g., tropical, early maturing) carry useful alleles for complex traits not present in the B73 genome just sequenced while increasing the genetic diversity of U.S. hybrids. Breeding programs based on classical quantitative genetics and selection methods will be the basis for proving theoretical approaches on breeding plans based on molecular markers. Mating designs still offer large sample sizes when compared to QTL approaches and there is still a need to successful integration of these methods. There is a need to increase the genetic diversity of maize hybrids available in the market (e.g., there is a need to increase the number of early maturing testers in the northern U.S.). Public programs can still develop new and genetically diverse products not available in industry. However, public U.S. maize breeding programs have either been discontinued or are eroding because of decreasing state and federal funding toward basic science. Future significant genetic gains in maize are dependent on the incorporation of useful and unique genetic diversity not available in industry (e.g., NDSU EarlyGEM lines). The integration of pre-breeding methods with cultivar development should enhance future breeding efforts to maintain active public breeding programs not only adapting and improving genetically broad-based germplasm but also developing unique products and training the next generation of maize breeders producing research dissertations directly linked to breeding programs. This is especially important in areas where commercial hybrids are not locally bred. More than ever public and private institutions are encouraged to cooperate in order to share breeding rights, research goals, winter nurseries, managed stress environments, and latest technology for the benefit of producing the best possible hybrids for farmers with the least cost. We have the opportunity to link both classical and modern technology for the benefit of breeding in close cooperation with industry without the need for investing in academic labs and time (e.g., industry labs take a week vs months/years in academic labs for the same work). This volume, as part of the Handbook of Plant Breeding series, aims to increase awareness of the relative value and impact of maize breeding for food, feed, and fuel security. Without breeding programs continuously developing improved germplasm, no technology can develop improved cultivars. Quantitative Genetics in Maize Breeding presents principles and data that can be applied to maximize genetic improvement of germplasm and develop superior genotypes in different crops. The topics included should be of interest of graduate students and breeders conducting research not only on breeding and selection methods but also developing pure lines and hybrid cultivars in crop species. This volume is a unique and permanent contribution to breeders, geneticists, students, policy makers, and land-grant institutions still promoting quality research in applied plant breeding as opposed to promoting grant monies and indirect costs at any short-term cost. The book is dedicated to those who envision the development of the next generation of cultivars with less need of water and inputs, with better nutrition; and with higher percentages of exotic germplasm as well as those that pursue independent research goals before searching for funding. Scientists are encouraged to use all possible breeding methodologies available (e.g., transgenics, classical breeding, MAS, and all possible combinations could be used with specific sound long and short-term goals on mind) once germplasm is chosen making wise decisions with proven and scientifically sound technologies for assisting current breeding efforts depending on the particular trait under selection. Arnel R. Hallauer is C. F. Curtiss Distinguished Professor in Agriculture (Emeritus) at Iowa State University (ISU). Dr. Hallauer has led maize-breeding research for mid-season maturity at ISU since 1958. His work has had a worldwide impact on plant-breeding programs, industry, and students and was named a member of the National Academy of Sciences. Hallauer is a native of Kansas, USA. José B. Miranda Filho is full-professor in the Department of Genetics, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz - University of São Paulo located at Piracicaba, Brazil. His research interests have emphasized development of quantitative genetic theory and its application to maize breeding. Miranda Filho is native of Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil. M.J. Carena is professor of plant sciences at North Dakota State University (NDSU). Dr. Carena has led maize-breeding research for short-season maturity at NDSU since 1999. This program is currently one the of the few public U.S. programs left integrating pre-breeding with cultivar development and training in applied maize breeding. He teaches Quantitative Genetics and Crop Breeding Techniques at NDSU. Carena is a native of Buenos Aires, Argentina. http://www.ag.ndsu.nodak.edu/plantsci/faculty/Carena.htm

Download or read book Maize Genetics And Breeding In The 20th Century written by Peter A Peterson and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1999-01-18 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the biographies, and a related summary, of geneticists and breeders of maize who have contributed to the major discoveries in the 20th century. Their relationships to one another, as well as the general developments in maize genetics and breeding growth, are included. Photographs of events and related personnel, all part of the biographic presentation, portray the maize community and its growth. Most of the geneticists and breeders have a common origin in their training, and their sucessors are among the current contributors to maize development.

Download or read book The Maize Genome written by Jeffrey Bennetzen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-24 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses advances in our understanding of the structure and function of the maize genome since publication of the original B73 reference genome in 2009, and the progress in translating this knowledge into basic biology and trait improvement. Maize is an extremely important crop, providing a large proportion of the world’s human caloric intake and animal feed, and serving as a model species for basic and applied research. The exceptionally high level of genetic diversity within maize presents opportunities and challenges in all aspects of maize genetics, from sequencing and genotyping to linking genotypes to phenotypes. Topics covered in this timely book range from (i) genome sequencing and genotyping techniques, (ii) genome features such as centromeres and epigenetic regulation, (iii) tools and resources available for trait genomics, to (iv) applications of allele mining and genomics-assisted breeding. This book is a valuable resource for researchers and students interested in maize genetics and genomics.

Download or read book Advances in Genetic Enhancement of Early and Extra Early Maize for Sub Saharan Africa written by Baffour Badu-Apraku and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-10 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book focuses on the principles and practices of tropical maize improvement with special emphasis on early and extra-early maize to feed the increasing population in Sub-Saharan Africa. It highlights the similarities and differences between results obtained in temperate regions of the world and WCA in terms of corroboration or refutation of genetic principles and theory of maize breeding. The book is expected to be of great interest to maize breeders, advanced undergraduates, graduate students, professors and research scientists in the national and international research institutes all over the world, particularly Sub-Saharan Africa. It will also serve as a useful reference for agricultural extension and technology transfer systems, Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs) and Community-Based Organizations (CBOs), seed companies and community-based seed enterprises, policy makers, and all those who are interested in generating wealth from agriculture and alleviating hunger and poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Download or read book Genetics Genomics and Breeding of Maize written by Ramakrishna Wusirika and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-08-05 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sequencing of the maize genome has opened up new opportunities in maize breeding, genetics and genomics research. This book highlights modern trends in development of hybrids, analysis of genetic diversity, molecular breeding, comparative and functional genomics, epigenomicsand proteomics in maize. The use of maize in biofuels, phytoremediation and pharmaceuticals is also highlighted. Current research trends, future research directions and challenges are discussed by a panel of experts from all over the world.

Download or read book Handbook of Maize written by Jeff L. Bennetzen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-01-16 with total page 785 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maize is one of the world’s highest value crops, with a multibillion dollar annual contribution to agriculture. The great adaptability and high yields available for maize as a food, feed and forage crop have led to its current production on over 140 million hectares worldwide, with acreage continuing to grow at the expense of other crops. In terms of tons of cereal grain produced worldwide, maize has been number one for many years. Moreover, maize is expanding its contribution to non-food uses, including as a major source of ethanol as a fuel additive or fuel alternative in the US. In addition, maize has been at the center of the transgenic plant controversy, serving as the first food crop with released transgenic varieties. By 2008, maize will have its genome sequence released, providing the sequence of the first average-size plant genome (the four plant genomes that are now sequenced come from unusually tiny genomes) and of the most complex genome sequenced from any organism. Among plant science researchers, maize has the second largest and most productive research community, trailing only the Arabidopsis community in scale and significance. At the applied research and commercial improvement levels, maize has no peers in agriculture, and consists of thousands of contributors worthwhile. A comprehensive book on the biology of maize has not been published. The "Handbook of Maize: the Genetics and Genomics" center on the past, present and future of maize as a model for plant science research and crop improvement. The books include brief, focused chapters from the foremost maize experts and feature a succinct collection of informative images representing the maize germplasm collection.

Download or read book Genetic Variability for Cold Tolerance in a Maize Zea Mays L Population written by Robin K. Duffy Cowen and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Maize Germplasm written by Mohamed A. El-Esawi and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-05-09 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maize is an important staple food crop worldwide. It is the third most important cereal crop after wheat and rice and is economically used for both livestock feeds and human consumption. The latest maize research has opened up new opportunities for crop improvement. This book brings together recent work and advances that have recently been made in the dynamic fields of genetic characterization, molecular breeding, genetic engineering technologies, and mapping of agronomic traits of global maize germplasm. It also provides new insights into and sheds new light regarding the current research trends and future research directions in maize. This book will provoke interest in many readers, researchers, and scientists, who can find this information useful for the advancement of their research works toward maize improvement.

Download or read book Maize Breeding and Genetics written by David B. Walden and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1978 with total page 824 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: History; Evolution; Breeding; Diseases and insects; Endosperm; Tissue; Gene action; Cytogenetics.

Download or read book Genetic Variation for Chilling Stress and Spectral Reflectance in Short Season Maize written by Wisam Obeidat and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasing early season cold tolerance of maize (Zea mays L.) has the potential to lengthen its growing season and enhance yields. We evaluated cold tolerance across 44 inbred and 102 hybrid genotypes in field and controlled environment experiments. Cold tolerance was quantified as the proportion of dry weight (PDW) of plants subjected to cold temperatures or planted early, relative to dry weight of plants grown in control temperatures or planted late. Also, leaf reflectance spectroscopy was used as an alternate indicator of cold stress response. In field experiments, significant effects of genotype, planting date, environment and their interactions were detected for PDW; the mean dry weight per plant for the early planting was considerably lower than for the late planting in five field environments. Cold stress exposure resulted in higher leaf reflectance in the 500 ̶ 680 nm region and lower reflectance between 758 ̶ 1000 nm. We identified novel reflectance predictors, both normalized difference indices and specific wavelengths of first derivative reflectance spectra, that correlated with PDW. In some cases the strongest correlations were found when reflectance data came from unstressed plants. Multiple regression models combining first derivative reflectance at multiple wavelengths, measured on plants not exposed to cold stress, provided the best correlation with PDW; however in general these models were unique to an experiment. Genetic control and heritability of plant dry weight and leaf spectral reflectance under control and early planting conditions was investigated in the field using a North Carolina Design II mating experiment. Consistent general combining ability estimates from early and late planting indicated that additive and dominant gene effects explained hybrid biomass variation across both planting dates. A number of spectral traits were heritable, but parental contributions to hybrid values were moderate. In conclusion, we find that parents explain at most moderate levels of hybrid spectral reflectance variation, across all spectral analysis tools. Thus, selection of traits such as hybrid biomass using spectral reflectance will be inefficient. Nonetheless, we find spectral reflectances stably distinguish maize genotypes within a population irrespective of temperature treatments, so selecting inbred lines using spectral reflectance may advance breeding efforts.

Download or read book Screening and Breeding for Cold Tolerance in Maize Zea Mays L written by Robert S. Zemetra and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Resource Allocation and Genomic Prediction in Maize Zea Mays L Hybrid Breeding and a Genetic Analysis of Pericarp Pigmentation written by Dylan Schoemaker and published by . This book was released on 2024 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maize (Zea mays L.) is a globally important crop species sold as a hybrid and is a model system for both genetics and plant breeding research. The maize breeding process involves identification of new inbred lines, followed by the identification and production of commercial hybrids from crosses of inbreds. Genomic selection and evaluation of hybrid phenotypes are important components of this process. In this dissertation, I use a large multi-environment trial dataset to explore the impact of resource allocation when developing genomic prediction models. Resource-efficient training sets can be developed using three to five environments and a single tester to predict both plant height and grain yield. A second study in my dissertation focused on prediction of hybrid combinations and the importance of general and specific combining ability in identifying new hybrids. The results demonstrated that hybrids with the greatest grain yield result from parents with a high general combining ability, but hybrids with the greatest performance may not have the largest specific combining ability deviation. Therefore, modeling only additive genetic relationships can lead to an accurate genomic prediction model during early-stage testing in a hybrid maize breeding program. The third study in my dissertation was a genetic analysis of pericarp pigmentation in progenies of commercial dent germplasm. Allelic variation at the well-studied pericarp color1 (P1) locus was significantly associated with pericarp pigmentation. The results from these projects provide novel insight into the design of hybrid breeding programs and the allocation of resources when implementing genomic selection. The research also provides candidate genes for geneticists or maize breeders to aid in the development of inbred lines with novel pericarp hues and elite agronomic characteristics.

Download or read book Handbook of Maize written by Jeff L. Bennetzen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-01-15 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maize is one of the world’s highest value crops, with a multibillion dollar annual contribution to agriculture. The great adaptability and high yields available for maize as a food, feed and forage crop have led to its current production on over 140 million hectares worldwide, with acreage continuing to grow at the expense of other crops. In terms of tons of cereal grain produced worldwide, maize has been number one for many years. Moreover, maize is expanding its contribution to non-food uses, including as a major source of ethanol as a fuel additive or fuel alternative in the US. In addition, maize has been at the center of the transgenic plant controversy, serving as the first food crop with released transgenic varieties. By 2008, maize will have its genome sequence released, providing the sequence of the first average-size plant genome (the four plant genomes that are now sequenced come from unusually tiny genomes) and of the most complex genome sequenced from any organism. Among plant science researchers, maize has the second largest and most productive research community, trailing only the Arabidopsis community in scale and significance. At the applied research and commercial improvement levels, maize has no peers in agriculture, and consists of thousands of contributors worthwhile. A comprehensive book on the biology of maize has not been published. The "Handbook of Maize: the Genetics and Genomics" center on the past, present and future of maize as a model for plant science research and crop improvement. The books include brief, focused chapters from the foremost maize experts and feature a succinct collection of informative images representing the maize germplasm collection.

Download or read book Genetic Studies of Phaeosphaeria Leaf Spot Resistance in Maize written by Oliver Mhembere and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2013 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetic studies and technological edge on maize are increasingly advancing since the turn of the decade. This has come as a result of the increasing threat of pests and diseases in maize producing regions of the world. This book provides a new metric to the fungal disease, Phaeosphaeria leaf spot that has seen increased incidence and severity of epidemics in these growing areas. The author explores the inheritance of the disease and the combining ability of other secondary traits like early maturity in germplasm adaptable to Southern Africa. Thus the book confirms that phaeosphaeria leaf is a highly heritable disease combined with additive gene action and earliness is a moderately heritable trait. Hence, scientists, maize breeding houses and students will be able to fix resistance in their line breeding programs using novel methodologies and technologies that include marker assisted selection and recurrent selection, to generate resistant commercial hybrids. Finally, the general and specific combining abilities of phaeosphaeria leaf spot and other secondary maize traits are further discussed.

Download or read book Combining Ability Among and Within Early Medium and Late Maturity Classes of Maize Zea Mays L Inbred Lines written by Mohamed Barre Ahmed and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook of Maize Its Biology written by Jeff L. Bennetzen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2008-11-01 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Maize: Its Biology centers on the past, present and future of maize as a model for plant science research and crop improvement. The book includes brief, focused chapters from the foremost maize experts and features a succinct collection of informative images representing the maize germplasm collection.