Download or read book Studies on the Effects of Water bloom Forming Cyanobacteria Upon Conjugational Gene Transfer Between Associated Heterotrophic Bacteria written by Nigel Cook and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Comparative Genomics of Freshwater Bloom Forming Cyanobacteria and Associated Organisms written by Connor B. Driscoll and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advent of improved DNA sequencing technologies has allowed the analysis of various microbial communities. Bloom-forming freshwater cyanobacteria can produce toxins and taste-and-odor compounds that can negatively affect drinking water supplies. Here, I have employed second- and third-generation sequencing technologies to characterize bloom-forming freshwater cyanobacterial genomes and their associated heterotrophic bacteria and viruses. These include nine novel fresh- water Nostocaceae genomes, three genomes from heterotrophic bacteria associated with Aphanizomenon in a communal culture, and two novel Microcystis phage genomes. • The genomes of three novel heterotrophic bacteria associated with Apha- nizomenon flos-aquae in culture were sequenced and assembled to finished quality with long-read sequencing. These genomes were sequenced together, highlighting the potential for using long-read sequencing towards metage- nomics of low-diversity microbial communities. These genomes were ana- lyzed to assess interactions between Aphanizomenon flos-aquae and these heterotrophs in culture. The presence of an ammonium-importer gene in two of these genomes suggests a putative dependency on fixed nitrogen from Aphanizomenon flos-aquae. • The genomes of nine novel Nostocaceae genomes were sequenced and assem- bled to draft quality. Five of these genomes were assembled and extracted directly from three separate environmental short-read shotgun metagenomes. The remaining four strains were cultured, one of which was from this study (Aphanizomenon MDT14) and three that were provided by Gregory Dick’s lab at the University of Michigan (Anabaena CPCC64, Anabaena LE011- 02, and Anabaena AL09). All novel genomes were characterized relative to the rest of the Nostocaceae family to analyze evolutionary relationships and identify differences in gene content to evaluate potential phenotypic pat- terns/differences. Genes involved in toxin synthesis and sulfur metabolism are variably present in these genomes, with no patterns relative to phyloge- nomic relationships. Conversely, functionally diverse genes are present in genomes with close phylogenomic relationships. • The genomes of two novel Microcystis phages were sequenced and assem- bled to finished quality from two separate environmental short-read shotgun metagenomes. These novel genomes were similar to the previously sequenced Microcystis phages Ma-LMM01 and MaMV-DC, and all four genomes were characterized together to identify patterns of gene conservation in this ge- ographically distributed phage group. Additionally, one of the completed phages was present in samples across a 6-week time series of environmental short-read shotgun metagenomes. Patterns of gene gain/loss and divergence were then analyzed in this Microcystis phage across the time series. Host-like genes involved in photosynthesis and phosphate starvation are present in all genomes, while presence of other host-like genes is less conserved. Genomes from the environmental time-series contain differences in presence/absence of several hypothetical genes, as well as sequence divergence in the tail collar gene, which may have implications for infection in the environment.
Download or read book Ecophysiology of Toxic Bloom forming Cyanobacteria and Their Symbionts written by and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Currently, there is a pernicious microbe in the genus Microcystis that is putting the world's freshwater resources at risk. A member of the phylum Cyanobacteria, otherwise referred to as blue-green algae, Microcystis forms massive algal blooms in lakes and has the potential to produce a toxin, which does not only harm humans, but also pets, livestock, and aquatic life. As recently as 2016, in the city of Toledo, Ohio, nearly 1 million residents went without clean drinking water for an entire weekend due to one of these Microcystis blooms. However, Microcystis does not only bloom in Ohio. In fact, it has been reported on every continent in the world with the exception of Antarctica. Despite tremendous efforts invested into research, the exact factors leading to Microcystis blooms remain unsolved. Most studies have examined the role of abiotic, or nonliving, factors such as warm temperatures or nutrients from fertilizer runoff as being important drivers of these blooms. However, recent attention has shifted to the potential role of biotic factors. Microcystis blooms should not be thought of as being caused by one single species, but rather a complex assemblage of a variety of different types of bacteria and other microbes that interact with the algae in a variety of different ways. It is this perspective that has driven the hypotheses, methodology, and analyses of this thesis. A comprehensive literature review in chapter one puts my work in a broader context. I then characterize and describe the community structure associated with Microcystis in established cultures and compare that to the microbiomes of other cyanobacteria and eukaryotic algae in my second chapter. Finally, in chapter three, I analyzed the effects of heterotrophic bacteria isolated from natural Microcystis blooms in Lake Erie (USA) and Lake Tai (China) on the growth and physiology of Microcystis aeruginosa through detailed co-cultures. The data and analyses contained herein are a critical next-step in attempting to understand the drivers behind Microcystisblooms as we work toward better protecting our freshwater resources.
Download or read book Toxic Cyanobacteria in Water written by Ingrid Chorus and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1999-02-11 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cyanobacteria and their toxins are an increasing global public health menace. Most recently, problems have been experienced in Australia, the United States and, due to drought and increasing water scarcity, pose a severe threat in the U.K. With an international range of contributors, all leading experts in their fields, Toxic Cyanobacteria in Water examines the increasing need to protect drinking water and water resources from the hazards of Cyanobacteria and their impact on health. Written and edited by a World Health Organization working group, Toxic Cyanobacteria in Water is an operational handbook in a practical, assessible style. Toxic Cyanobacteria in Water will be invaluable to environmental health officers, professionals in the fields of water supply, public health, fresh water ecology and education, national and international organizations, special interest groups, post-graduate students and utilities responsible for managing drinking water supplies.
Download or read book Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms State of the Science and Research Needs written by H. Kenneth Hudnell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-03-13 with total page 955 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the ever-increasing incidence of harmful cyanobacterial algal blooms, this monograph has added urgency and will be essential reading for all sorts of researchers, from neuroscientists to cancer research specialists. The volume contains the proceedings of the 2005 International Symposium on Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms, and has been edited by H. Kenneth Hudnell, of the US Environmental Protection Agency. It contains much of the most recent research into the subject.
Download or read book Structural Dynamics of Community Gene Expression In a Freshwater Cyanobacterial Bloom Over a Day night Cycle written by Jia Wang (S.M.) and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies of community gene expression, or metatranscriptomics, provide a powerful approach for quantifying changes in both the taxonomic composition (structure) and activity (function) of complex microbial systems in response to dynamic environmental conditions. We have used next-generation Illumina sequencing to characterize the metatranscriptome of a tropical eutrophic drinking water reservoir dominated by the toxigenic cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa over a day-night cycle. Cyanobacterial blooms are a major problem in eutrophic lakes and reservoirs, negatively impacting the ecology of the water body through oxygen depletion upon bloom decay and in some cases through production of toxins. Waterborne Cyanobacterial toxins pose a public health risk through drinking and recreational exposure. The frequency of harmful Cyanobacterial blooms (CyanoHABs) is predicted to increase due to warming regional climates and increases in non-point source pollution due to urban expansion. CyanoHABs represent complex consortia of Cyanobacteria that live in association with diverse assemblages of heterotrophic and anoxygenic- photosynthetic bacteria, archaea, microbial Eukaryotes (algae, protozoa, and fungi) as well as viruses and zooplanktonic grazers. Water sampling was carried out at six time points over a 24 hour period to capture variability associated with changes in the balance between phototrophic and heterotrophic activity. Total RNA was extracted and subjected to ribosomal depletion followed by cDNA synthesis, sequencing, and quality control, generating 493,468 to 678,064 95-101 bp reads per sample. Hierarchical clustering of transcription profiles supported sorting of samples into two clusters corresponding to "day" and "night" collection times. Annotation of reads through the MGRAST pipeline (Metagenomics- Rapid Annotation using Subsystem Technology) revealed that the community taxonomic composition was relatively constant throughout the day-night cycle and was dominated by transcripts with highest identity to members of the phyla Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes (in decreasing order) where Microcystis transcripts represented 15.3 to 25.6% of the total Bacterial transcriptomes (Eave=10~). Community transcripts were enriched with genes from the Cyanobacterial photosynthetic KEGG pathway during the day (p=0.004). In contrast, Proteobacterial transcripts were enriched at night (20.4% of the total Bacterial transcriptome compared to 14.3% in the day, p=0.039). Metatranscriptomic quantification of microbial community gene expression in a Cyanobacterial bloom dominated by M. aeruginosa contributes to a fundamental understanding of nutrient and energy cycling over a day-night cycle. A better understanding of the structure, function, and interaction between members of the complex communities that support the proliferation of toxigenic Cyanobacteria will improve our ability to prevent and control CyanoHABs.
Download or read book Water Treatment for Purification from Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins written by Anastasia E. Hiskia and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-07-10 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a comprehensive overview of key methods for treating water tainted by cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins Toxigenic cyanobacteria are one of the main health risks associated with water resources. Consequently, the analysis, control, and removal of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins from water supplies is a high priority research area. This book presents a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art research on water treatment methods for the removal of cyanobacteria, taste and odor compounds, and cyanotoxins. Starting with an introduction to the subject, Water Treatment for Purification from Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins offers chapters on cyanotoxins and human health, conventional physical-chemical treatment for the removal of cyanobacteria/cyanotoxins, removal of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins by membrane processes, biological treatment for the destruction of cyanotoxins, and conventional disinfection and/or oxidation processes. Other chapters look at advanced oxidation processes, removal/destruction of taste and odour compounds, transformation products of cyanobacterial metabolites during treatment and integrated drinking water processes. Provides a comprehensive overview of key methods for treating water tainted by cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins Bridges the gap between basic knowledge of cyanobacteria/cyanotoxins and practical management guidelines Includes integrated processes case studies and real-life examples Developed within the frame of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)–funded CYANOCOST A must-have resource for every water treatment plant, Water Treatment for Purification from Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins is a valuable resource for all researchers in water chemistry and engineering, environmental chemistry as well as water companies and authorities, water resource engineers and managers, environmental and public health protection organizations.
Download or read book The Release of Genetically Modified Microorganisms REGEM 2 written by Duncan E.S. Stewart-Tull and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If ripple effect is a measure of greatness in scientific discovery then GEMMOs have a lot going for them and this book dramatically illustrates the risks associated with advances being made by researchers to mobilize and control the power of the microorganism in the world's fight to perfect nature and fmd remedies for its imperfections. In the field of genetic science it is abundantly clear that so much more can be achieved through prevention rather than cure and that the indirect kill, by reason of its logic is a much more powerful weapon for winning results. Nevertheless the dilemma facing politicians arises over whether man should tamper with something which is God-given such as Radioactivity and Genetic endowment. The Roman Catholic church fmds difficulty in accepting the proposition that what is God given can be treated as a product under human control and maybe that is why recently half a century of genetic research on a strain of bees resistant to a devastating parasite at the Buckfastleigh Benedictine Monastery has inexplicably ceased whilst verging on scientific success.(l) The Anglican Community on the other hand does not see the sacrosanctity of Radioactivity and Genetic material as a bar to man-manipulation with appropriate safeguards.
Download or read book Investigating the Potential for Horizontal Gene Transfer in Toxic and Non toxic Species of Cyanobacteria written by Ralitza Alexova and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "All genera producing the cyanotoxin microcystin also contain non-toxic strains but the underlying reason for the patchy distribution of microcystin synthetase (mcy) genes is unknown. Horizontal gene transfer has been proposed to contribute to the acquisition of mcy genes by non-toxic strains but a possible mechanism has not been identified. Type IV pili (Tfp) are extracellular filaments present in a wide range of Gram-negative bacteria, in many of which they contribute to natural transformation. The identification of Tfp in blue-green algae suggests that many cyanobacteria may also be competent. This study screened for Tfp-encoding (pil) genes in several toxic and non-toxic strains of the bloom-forming Microcystis aeruginosa. pil genes were identified in the majority of Microcystis spp. that were studied, but were less common in non-toxigenic strains. The wide distribution of Tfp in Microcystis spp. suggests that there is a potential for horizontal gene transfer between closely related species or strains. If this is an ongoing process, it is possible that exchange and recombinations of genes from the mcy cluster could lead to acquisition of toxins by non-toxigenic strains or reversion of toxin production by strains containing inactive mcy genes." - executive summary.
Download or read book Advancing Knowledge on Cyanobacterial Blooms in Freshwaters written by Konstantinos Ar Kormas and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cyanobacterial blooms are a water quality problem that is widely acknowledged to have detrimental ecological and economic effects in drinking and recreational water supplies and fisheries. There is increasing evidence that cyanobacterial blooms have increased globally and are likely to expand in water resources as a result of climate change. Of most concern are cyanotoxins, along with the mechanisms that induce their release and determine their fate in the aquatic environment. These secondary metabolites pose a potential hazard to human health and agricultural and aquaculture products that are intended for animal and human consumption; therefore, strict and reliable control of cyanotoxins is crucial for assessing risk. In this direction, a deeper understanding of the mechanisms that determine cyanobacterial bloom structure and toxin production has become the target of management practices. This Special Issue, entitled “Advancing Knowledge on Cyanobacterial Blooms in Freshwaters”, aims to bring together recent multi- and interdisciplinary research, from the field to the laboratory and back again, driven by working hypotheses based on any aspect of mitigating cyanobacterial blooms, from ecological theory to applied research.
Download or read book Cyanobacterial Bloom Dynamics in the Columbia River Basin written by Vanessa Jane Rose and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Together, eukaryotic algae and prokaryotic cyanobacteria comprise a taxonomically broad group known as phytoplankton that are vital energy producers in aquatic food webs. Cyanobacteria and some algae have the potential to form harmful blooms due to high biomass or production of toxins. Phytoplankton bloom magnitude, timing, and species composition are difficult to predict across freshwater systems because such dynamics are influenced by interacting abiotic and biotic factors, and are further altered by anthropogenic stressors such as climate change and eutrophication. The intent of this research was to explore phytoplankton, and specifically cyanobacterial, bloom dynamics across freshwater systems of the Columbia River (CR) basin, with a focus on growth and assemblage changes in response to biotic and abiotic factors. Key findings included:1.Regionally, chlorophyll a, total phosphorus, modeled dissolved inorganic phosphorus yield, and the land use classes 'developed open space' and 'low intensity' were positively related to cyanobacterial blooms, while water clarity, 'evergreen forest' and 'barren land' were negatively related to blooms. These factors may be useful in predictive modeling and in screening for systems at-risk of developing future blooms.2.Spill of water over run-of-river dams likely has minimal to no effect on the abundance of phytoplankton and microzooplankton above vs. below such dams in the lower CR. 3.Examination of a 14-year dataset from the lower CR revealed three phytoplankton assemblages distinct to spring/summer, fall, and winter seasons, with notable associations between the fall cyanobacteria/chlorophyte assemblage and elevated temperature and invasive zooplanktonic taxa. 4.The addition of nutrients and zooplankton grazers to the natural phytoplankton assemblage collected from western Washington lakes affected phytoplankton net growth rates in lakes of a low, but not high, trophic state. Collectively, these results underscore the variable effects that abiotic and biotic factors may have on phytoplankton blooms. These findings further highlight the regional importance of phosphorus in the occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms, the connections between invasive zooplankton taxa, warm water temperatures, and cyanobacteria-dominated assemblages in the CR, and the importance of lake trophic state in phytoplankton response to future nutrient enrichment.
Download or read book Marine Cyanobacteria written by Loïc Charpy and published by Musee Oceanographique. This book was released on 1999 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ecology of Harmful Algae written by E. Granéli and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-04 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Harmful algal can cause a variety of deleterious effects, including the poisoning of fish and shellfish, habitat disruptions for many organisms, water discoloration, beach fouling, and even toxic effects for humans. In this volume, international experts provide an in-depth analysis of harmful algae topics and offer a comprehensive synthesis of the latest research in the field.
Download or read book Freshwater Algae written by Edward G. Bellinger and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-20 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Freshwater Algae: Identification and Use as Bioindicators provides a comprehensive guide to temperate freshwater algae, with additional information on key species in relation to environmental characteristics and implications for aquatic management. The book uniquely combines practical material on techniques and water quality management with basic algal taxonomy and the role of algae as bioindicators. Freshwater Algae: Identification and Use as Bioindicators is divided into two parts. Part I describes techniques for the sampling, measuring and observation of algae and then looks at the role of algae as bioindicators and the implications for aquatic management. Part II provides the identification of major genera and 250 important species. Well illustrated with numerous original illustrations and photographs, this reference work is essential reading for all practitioners and researchers concerned with assessing and managing the aquatic environment.
Download or read book Toxic Cyanobacteria in Water written by Ingrid Chorus and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-03-08 with total page 701 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cyanobacterial toxins are among the hazardous substances most widely found in water. They occur naturally, but concentrations hazardous to human health are usually due to human activity. Therefore, to protect human health, managing lakes, reservoirs and rivers to prevent cyanobacterial blooms is critical. This second edition of Toxic Cyanobacteria in Water presents the current state of knowledge on the occurrence of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins as well as their impacts on health through water-related exposure pathways, chiefly drinking-water and recreational activity. It provides scientific and technical background information to support hazard identification, assessment and prioritisation of the risks posed by cyanotoxins, and it outlines approaches for their management at each step of the water-use system. It sets out key practical considerations for developing management strategies, implementing efficient measures and designing monitoring programmes. This enables stakeholders to evaluate whether there is a health risk from toxic cyanobacteria and to mitigate it with appropriate measures. This book is intended for those working on toxic cyanobacteria with a specific focus on public health protection. It intends to empower professionals from different disciplines to communicate and cooperate for sustainable management of toxic cyanobacteria, including public health workers, ecologists, academics, and catchment and waterbody managers. Ingrid Chorus headed the department for Drinking-Water and Swimming-Pool Hygiene at the German Environment Agency. Martin Welker is a limnologist and microbiologist, currently with bioMérieux in Lyon, France.
Download or read book Aquatic Microbial Ecology written by Jürgen Overbeck and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aquatic microbial ecology, a growing interdisciplinary field, has become increasingly compartmentalized in recent years. The aim of this volume is to propose a framework for biochemical and molecular approaches, which are employed ever more widely in studies of aquatic microbial communities and ecosystem functioning. The book presents state of the art applications of modern molecular research techniques to a range of topics in ectoenzymes microbial carbon metabolism bacterial population dynamics RNA chemotaxonomy of microbial communities plasmids and adaptation to environmental conditions. Written for limnologists, marine biologists, and all researchers interested in environmental microbiology and molecular aspects of ecology, this volume will provide a stimulating introduction to this emerging field.
Download or read book Freshwater Microbiology written by David C. Sigee and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2005-09-27 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique textbook takes a broad look at the rapidly expanding field of freshwater microbiology. Concentrating on the interactions between viruses, bacteria, algae, fungi and micro-invertebrates, the book gives a wide biological appeal. Alongside conventional aspects such as phytoplankton characterisation, seasonal changes and nutrient cycles, the title focuses on the dynamic and applied aspects that are not covered within the current textbooks in the field. Complete coverage of all fresh water biota from viruses to invertebrates Unique focus on microbial interactions including coverage of biofilms, important communities on all exposed rivers and lakes. New information on molecular and microscopical techniques including a study of gene exchange between bacteria in the freshwater environment. Unique emphasis on the applied aspects of freshwater microbiology with particular emphasis on biodegradation and the causes and remediation of eutrophication and algal blooms.
