Download or read book Cell and Tissue Culture in Forestry written by J.M. Bonga and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the first edition of our book "Tissue Culture in Fores try" in 1982 we have witnessed remarkable advances in cell and tissue culture technologies with woody perennials. In addition to forest biologists in government, industry, and universities, we now have molecular biologists, genetic engineers, and biochemists using cell and tissue cultures of woody species routinely. There fore, the time has come for an update of the earlier edition. In our present effort to cover new developments we have expanded to three volumes: 1. General principles and Biotechnology 2. Specific Principles and Methods: Growth and Development 3. Case Histories: Gymnosperms, Angiosperms and Palms The scientific barriers to progress in tree improvement are not so much lack of foreign gene expression in plants but our current inabili ty to regenerate plants in true-to-type fashion on a mas sive and economic scale. To achieve this in the form of an appro pr iate biotechnology, cell and tissue culture will increasing ly require a better understanding of basic principles in chemistry and physics that determine structural and functional relationships among molecules and macromolecules (proteins, RNA, DNA) within cells and tissues. These principles and their relationship with the culture medium and its physical environment, principles of clonal propagation, and genetic variation and ultrastructure are discussed in volume one.

Download or read book Cell and Tissue Culture in Forestry written by J.M. Bonga and published by Springer. This book was released on 1987 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 2. 2. Plant materials 2. 3. Pregrowth conditions 2. 4. Cryoprotectant treatment 2. 5. Freezing 2. 5. 1. Slow freezing 2. 5. 2. Rapid freezing 2. 5. 3. Droplet freezing 2. 6. Storage 2. 7. Thawing 2. 8. Viability testing 2. 9. Post-thaw regrowth 3. EXAMPLES OF CRYOPRESERVATION OF WOODY PLANT MATERIAL 4. POTENTIAL APPLICATION OF CRYOPRESERVATION IN TREE IMPROVEMENT 17. NURSERY HANDLING OF PROPAGULES - J. A. Driver, and 320 G. R. L. Suttle 1. INTRODUCTION 2. COMMERCIAL NURSERY NEEDS VS. LABORATORY PRACTICE 3. SEASONALITY OF GROWTH AND PRODUCTION CYCLES 4. MICROPROPAGATION OPTIONS 4. 1. Trends in commercial micropropagation 4. 1. 1. Contract micropropagation 5. FACTORS AFFECTING SURVIVAL AND GROWTH 5. 1. Hardening of propagules in vitro 5. 2. Greenhouse considerationS------ 5. 3. Field planting 5. 4. New approaches: Direct field rooting 5. 4. 1. Pretreatment in vitro 5. 4. 2. Root induction 5. 4. 3. Field placement 18. MYCORRHIZAE - R. K. Dixon, and D. H. Marx 336 1. INTRODUCTION 2. ROLE OF MYCORRHIZAE IN TREE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 3. PRODUCTION AND APPLICATION OF ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGUS INOCULUM 3. 1. Bareroot stock 3. 2. Container-grown stock 4. FIELD TRIALS WITH ECTOMYCORRHIZAL PLANTING STOCK 5. PRODUCTION AND APPLICATION OF ENDOMYCORRHIZAL INOCULUM 6. FIELD TRIALS WITH ENDOMYCORRHIZAL 7. RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES 8. SUMMARY 351 19. TISSUE CULTURE APPLICATIUN TO FOREST PATHOLOGY AND PEST CONTROL - A. M. Diner, and D. F. Karnosky 1. INTRODUCTION 2. HOST AND PATHOGEN: CULTURE AND CHALLENGE 2. 1.

Download or read book Tissue Culture in Forestry written by J.M. Bonga and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 2. IMPORTANCE OF NITROGEN METABOLISM 2. 1. Range of naturally occurring nitrogenous components in forest trees 2. 2. Gene expression and mapping 2. 3. Metabolic changes in organized and unorganized systems 2. 4. Nitrogen and nutrition 2. 5. Aspects of intermediary nitrogen metabolism 3. NITROGEN METABOLISM IN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 3. 1. Precultural factors 3. 2. Callus formation 3. 3. Cell suspensions 3. 3. 1. Conifers 3. 3. 2. Acer 3. 4. Morphogenesis 3. 4. 1. Nitrogen metabolism of natural embryos 3. 4. 2. Somatic embryogenesis 3. 4. 2. 1. Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) 3. 4. 2. 2. Douglar-fir and loblolly pine 3. 4. 3. Organogenesis 4. OUTLOOK 11. CARBOHYDRATE UTILIZATION AND METABOLISM - T. A. Thorpe 325 1. INTRODUCTION 2. NUTRITIONAL ASPECTS 3. CARBOHYDRATE UPTAKE 4. CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM 4. 1. Sucrose degradation 4. 2. Metabolism of other carbon sources 4. 3. Hexose mobilization and metabolism 4. 3. 1. Cell cycle studies 4. 3. 2. Growth studies 4. 3. 3. Organized development 4. 4. Cell wall biogenesis 4. 4. 1. Primary cell walls 4. 4. 2. Cell wall turnover 4. 4. 3. Secondary cell walls 4. 5. Carbon skeleton utilization 5. OSMOTIC ROLE 6. CONCLUDING THOUGHTS 369 12. THE USE OF IN VITRO TECHNIQUES FOR GENETIC MODIFICATIO~FOREST TREES - E. G. Kirby 1. INTRODUCTION 2. IN VITRO SELECTION 2. 1. Natural variation 2. 2. Induction of variation 2. 3. Selection techniques 2. 4. Plant regeneration 2 . • 5. Applications x 3. SOMATIC HYBRIDIZATION 3. 1.

Download or read book Biological nitrogen fixation in forest ecosystems foundations and applications written by John C. Gordon and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1983-09-30 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Silvicultural systems and biological nitrogen fixation; Morphology of nitrogen fixers in forest ecosystems; Taxonomy and distribution of non-legume nitrogen-fixing systems; Isolation and culture of nitrogen-fixing organisms; Wheeler, biochemical, physiological and environmental aspects of symbiotic nitrogen fixation; Analysis of nitrogen fixation; Agricultural and horticultural systems: implications for forestry; Nitrogen fixing plants in forest plantation management; Nitrogen fixation in North American forestry: research and application; Application of biological nitrogen fixation in European silviculture; Nitrogen fixation in Southeast Asian forestry: research and practice; Biological nitrogen fixation in forestry: research and practice in Australia and New Zealand.

Download or read book New Perspectives in Wood Anatomy written by P. Baas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On the occasion of the 50th Anniversary of the International Association of Wood Anatomists several symposia were held during the 13th International Botanical Congress in Sydney, August 1981. Extended versions of most of the invited papers presented there, and some additional papers on aspects which could not be included in the congress program constitute the contents of this book, which intentionally received the pretentious title 'New Perspectives in Wood Anatomy'. To some readers it may seem a paradox that under this heading papers on a diversity of partly traditional wood anatomical subjects are assembled, even including two with a historical emphasis. However, a study of the history of wood anatomy and of how students of that discipline joined forces in an inter national association, brings to light many facts and views which deserve the attention of present day and future wood scientists as a potential source of in spiration for their research and organisational work.

Download or read book Winch and cable systems written by I. Samset and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is a civil engineering handbook on winch and cable systems. The handbook may be used as textbook for university studies in civil engineering and forestry and as the basis for studies in schools on a technical level. It should be a useful reference book for construction engineers, civil engineers, logging engineers, foresters and leaders of operational activities under difficult terrain conditions. The content in the book is based on more than 35 years experience with practical winch and cable operations. As a leader of the Norwegian Institute of Forest Operations, the author has carried out research work in this field since 1947. The Institute is the owner of yarders, winches, cable cranes etc., and with its own cable crews the Institute operates as a contractor in its own research forests as well as in other state or privately owned forests throughout Norway. The research work also includes other cable crane operations in Norway and other countries. As the leader of the Joint FAO/ECE/ILO Study Group on Mechanized Forest Operations the author studied cable operations in most of the Eastern and Western European countries. As president of the International Union of Forestry Research Organizations the author visited most forest countries in the world. Information from research and practical cable crane operations were collected. The handbook is based on material on winch and cable systems used in Japan, New Zealand, Soviet Union, Central Europe, Northern Europe, Eastern United States, Western United States and British Columbia.

Download or read book Tropical Hardwood Utilization written by Roelof A. A. Oldeman and published by . This book was released on 2014-01-15 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Pollutant Solid Phase Interactions Mechanisms Chemistry and Modeling written by Tarek A. Kassim and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-09-11 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Growth in the numbers of organic chemicals during recent decades has been extraordinary. Most are complex compounds that are released directly and/or indirectly to the surrounding environment. A view is emerging in relation to environmental protection and hazardous substance management that (1) some organic chemicals and/or organic leachates from solid waste materials and contaminated sediment/soil sites are of such extreme environmental concern that all use should be highly controlled including isolation for disposal; and (2) most hazardous substances are of sufficient social value that their continual use, production and disposal are justified. For these chemicals their types, sources, fate, behavior, effects and remediation at solid- aqueous phase interfaces must be fully assessed and understood. This assessment and understanding are essential for society to accept risks of adverse ecological or human health effects.

Download or read book Forest Policy written by F. C. Hummel and published by . This book was released on 2014-01-15 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Plantation silviculture written by K.R. Shepherd and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plantations of a wide range of tree species have assumed an important place in our world, providing wood for industry, fuelwood and animal fodder, protection from adverse environments and for the soil, as well as amenity and aesthetically pleasing landscapes. silvicultural knowledge of this particular branch of forestry first developed in Europe more than two centuries ago but in many parts of the world is still in a process of rapid evolution as more and more plantations are established to meet specific needs. The first exotic tree species to be established in plantations in my own country were planted more than a century ago and, likewise, New Zealand has a long history of planting. Both countries have developed a vigorous and innovative approach to plantation practice, soundly based initially on European experience but gradually modified to meet the challenges of new environments, new markets, and changed economic circumstances. This book on plantation silviculture was begun some years ago when the lack of a suitable undergraduate text for teaching purposes became apparent. The present text is aimed essentially at this audience. Although I have drawn heavily on the experience of Australia and New Zealand, the principles outlined are applicable anywhere in the world where plantations are being grown and tended, from the United States and Scandinavia to India, South Africa or Brazil. The text should also serve as a useful reference to advanced students and practicing foresters, with the reference list providing an introduction to the literature on this subject.

Download or read book Tree Harvesting Techniques written by A. Staaf and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-12-30 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The introduction of chain saws and tractors in the early 1950's marked the beginning of a change in tree harvesting techniques from the old manual methods to mechanized operations. It was followed by a rapid evolution both technically and systematically. Hence, the requirements for improved know ledge of operational efficiency also increased. Changing relations between Man, machines and environment brought about new experiences and awareness of a physiological and ergonomic nature. Improved knowledge of both machine technology and planning of work on a small or large scale has grown increa singly important for an efficient utilization of expensive machines and other equipment. The need for a textbook on tree harvesting techniques including expe riences made in recent years is enhanced. The book presented here is prima rily based on lectures given on the subject of Forest Techniques at the Faculty of Forestry at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and after modifications also at the University of Nairobi (Kenya). Thus, the book is written primarily for students at the faculties and institutes of forestry. However, it is also useful for persons actively occupied in forest operations. The presentation of this book in its original Swedish version in 1972 created a considerable interest in the preparation of a condensed edition in English. Thus interest has been expressed in Finland, Norway, Holland, Canada, U.S.A., Brazil, Japan, Poland, Scotland and Yugoslavia.

Download or read book The Virus Mycoplasma and Rickettsia Diseases of Fruit Trees written by M.V. Németh and published by Springer. This book was released on 1986 with total page 854 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fruit tree viruses, mycoplasma and rickettsia-like pathogen geral. Virus diseases of: pomaceous trees, stone fruit trees shell fruits. Mycoplasma diseases of fruit trees. Rickettsia diseases of fruit trees. Disorders and injuries of fruit trees that resemble virus diseases.

Download or read book Forest Nursery Manual Production of Bareroot Seedlings written by Mary L. Duryea and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-10-12 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ing damage ranged from odor. to general visual appearance. Attributes of seedling quality are categorized as either to cutting buds. to scraping bark to detect dead cambium. performance attributes (RGP. frost hardiness. stress resistance) One nursery reported using frost hardiness as an indicator of or material attributes (bud dormancy. water relations. nutrition. when to begin fall lifting. but none reported using it as an morphology). Performance attributes are assessed by placing indicator of seedling quality before shipping stock to customers. samples of seedlings into specified controlled environments and evaluating their responses. Although some effective short 23.4.3 Stress resistance cut procedures are being developed. performance tests tend Only three nurseries measure stress resistance. They use to be time consuming; however, they produce results on whole the services of Oregon State University and the test methods plant responses which are often closely correlated with field described in 23.2.3. One nursery reported that results of stress performance. Material attributes. on the other hand. reflect tests did not agree well with results of RGP tests and that RGP only individual aspects of seedling makeup and are often correlated better with seedling survival in the field. Most stress poorly correlated with performance. tests are conducted for reforestation personnel rather than for Bud dormancy status seems to be correlated. at least nurseries.

Download or read book Tissue Culture for Plant Propagators written by Ronald Alfred De Fossard and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Physiology of Flower Bulbs written by A. De Hertogh and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 848 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Representing the most comprehensive review of the physiological research conducted on 61 genera of ornamental geophytes, this book covers the basic aspects of world production, horticultural utilization, botanical descriptions and origins, bulb growth and development and flowering, production systems, diseases, insects, plant breeding and the economics related to flower bulbs. This is the first publication to allow access to this research in one single volume, with each genera chapter being outlined in such a manner that any subject area can be readily accessed without reading the entire chapter. Information is also included on genera that have never been comprehensively reviewed. Written by scientists from all over the world, this book aims to provide a basic orientation for any individuals who are unfamiliar with flower bulbs as well as to serve as a comprehensive, quick-reference text.

Download or read book Heavy Metal Toxicity in Plants written by Tariq Aftab and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-11-24 with total page 687 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Features: The book covers the heavy metal impact on plants in detail. Chapters cover an array of topics and issues related to heavy metal pollution and its management strategies by plants Recent research results and some pointers to future advancements in current topic.

Download or read book A Re Appraisal of Forestry Development in Developing Countries written by J. Douglas and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-11-09 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is directed at foresters who work, or have an interest, in the developing world, and at development analysts and theorists who are concerned with the forestry sector. Most readers will be aware that in recent years, some fundamental changes in thinking about the development process in very poor countries have occurred. At one level, the underdevelopment problem has been explained as a lack of absorptive capacity, or implementation ability in very poor countries. However, it now seems that these are only symptoms of a more profound ailment in the whole economic structural and philosophical approach to development. The idea that poor countries could transform their economies through an accelerated process of industrialisation has proved largely incorrect, or at least highly premature. Within the rural sector, emphasis on productivity and aggregate income growth have been shown to have had little effect or, worse still, negative effects, on the burgeoning group of poor and landless rural dwellers.