Download or read book Studies on Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum on Soybeans Gylcine Max written by Vicki Lee Radke and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Management of Soybean Glycine Max L White Mold by Reducing Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum Population Using Beneficial Microorganisms written by Wenting Zeng and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Soybean Glycine Max L Merr Growth and Develoment White Mold Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum Lib de Bary Incidence and Yellow Nutsedge Cyperus Esculentus L Control as Affected by Glyphosate and Other Herbicides written by Kelly Allan Nelson and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Studies on the Reaction of Soybean to SCLEROTINIA SCLEROTIORUM Causal Agent of Stem Rot of Soybean written by Laura Beth Kao and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Modernizing Integrated Management Practices for Sclerotinia Stem Rot of Soybean Glycine Max written by Richard Webster (Ph.D.) and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soybean production in the Upper Midwest region of the United States is consistently threatened by Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR), caused by the fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Management practices for this disease have historically been studied in depth. However, a reevaluation and modernization of these practices is greatly needed. To achieve this, many methods of control are being examined such as the assessment of integrating multiple cultural practices, the reassessment of chemical controls, the development of improved genetic resistance through both classical breeding and reverse genetics, and the integration of resistant genotypes into predictive models. From this research, the optimum cultural and chemical practices were identified for controlling SSR across the Midwest. These practices were examined for their effect on partial profits to understand their economic feasibility. Through breeding efforts, three elite soybean genotypes were identified with high levels of resistance to SSR, and more early-generation breeding lines are being progressed from additional breeding populations. Furthermore, four breeding lines were identified as having differential consistent responses to S. sclerotiorum, and these four lines were established as standardized checks. Using these four check lines, the integration of resistance into S. sclerotiorum apothecial models is being studied to improve predictive accuracy. Collectively, these research efforts will help to modernize management and control of SSR from both research and production perspectives.
Download or read book Studies on Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum Sclerotinia Stem Rot on Soybeans written by Dael Desiree Visser and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluation of Prediction Models for Sclerotinia Stem Rot Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum of Soybean Glycine Max in Quebec written by Césarée Morier-Gxoyiya and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In Québec's soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) farms, Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR), a disease caused by the fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, is commonly controlled by chemical fungicides sprayed during the crop's flowering growth stages. However, fungicide use efficiency varies largely based on the risk of disease outbreak, which is strongly influenced by agro-environmental conditions. Unnecessary or improperly timed fungicide applications are costly not only economically, but also environmentally. Prediction models can guide disease management decisions by informing of the necessity and timing of fungicide applications. In this project, S. sclerotiorum sclerotia were placed in commercial and research fields across soybean-producing regions of Québec. The goal was to assess the relationship between environmental and agronomic conditions and carpogenic germination of S. sclerotiorum. The predictive ability of Sclerotinia-related logistic regression models was evaluated under Québec's climatic conditions using data collected over three growing seasons. Based on the nature of the models selected, the predictive performance was assessed for two disease indicators: disease severity and apothecia presence. Upon validation and improvement, the models with the highest accuracy and predictive ability could be implemented in an integrated decision-support system for soybean producers in Québec"--
Download or read book Relationships Between Glyphosate resistant Soybean Glycine Max L Merr Management Practices and Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum LIB de Bary Infection written by Chad David Lee and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Expression of Pathogenesis related Protein 1A in Cultivars of Glycine Max soybean Inoculated with Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum written by Robert C. Smith and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ecological and Quantitative Studies of Occurrence of Soybean Sclerotinia Stem Rot Caused by Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum in the North Central Region of the United States written by Asimina Leonidas Mila and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the early 90's, Sclerotinia stem rot of soybeans (SSR), caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, has emerged as a serious problem in the north-central soybean production region of the United States. Understanding the epidemiology of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and developing models that explain, and eventually may forecast, the risk of SSR occurrence in the region may help extension specialists and growers manage the disease. Regional prevalence of soybean SSR was modeled using historical data collected between 1995 and 1998 from 4 states of the North-Central Region of the United States (Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota and Ohio). Tillage practices, soil texture, and summer weather variables from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (average monthly air temperature and total precipitation during July and August) were used as input variables. Logistic regression was used to estimate the probability of stem rot prevalence in the four states. A developed model had high explanatory power (77.8%). Bayesian analysis suggested that the four-year data set used in the analysis may not be informative enough to produce reliable estimates of the effect of some explanatory variables on SSR prevalence. The variable most sensitive to extra-sample incorporated information was precipitation of August. The relationships between management practices, weather variables and soybean yield were examined using multiple linear regression to investigate whether high potential yield environments are also high SSR risk environments. Occurrence of SSR was indeed found to be strongly associated with high attainable yield. Differences in soil temperature and water potential have been observed under different combinations of tillage regimes and planting row widths, with soil surface temperature and moisture fluctuating more under the combination of no tillage and wide rows than under other combinations. Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of soil temperature and water potential fluctuations on sclerotium germination, and apothecium production of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Our results showed that small temperature fluctuations increased sclerotia germination and apothecium production compared to large or no temperature fluctuations. Moisture fluctuations were detrimental to sclerotium germination and apothecium production, with the constant saturation treatment yielding the highest number of germinated sclerotia and apothecia.
Download or read book Development of Multiple Resistance Strategies to Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum in Soybean Glycine Max written by Megan Marie McCaghey and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soybean resistance to the necrotrophic pathogen [Sclerotinia sclerotiorum] is incomplete, and yield losses from Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) can surmount to over 300 kg/ha for every 10% increase in SSR severity. Through this work, I aimed to enhance resistance to SSR through novel breeding methods and RNAi. Germplasm identified through our selections in the greenhouse and disease nurseries have served as valuable sources of high physiological resistance to SSR and resulted in a food grade soybean. Subsequent crosses integrating this germplasm aimed to enhance the agronomics of resistant parents and have been expediated through winter selections in the greenhouse and Chile. Additionally, the pathogenic success of [S. sclerotiorum] requires the secretion key virulence factors such as oxalic acid (OA). Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) using Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) was used to target OA biogenesis in [S. sclerotiorum]. A sequence of 366 bp, corresponding to the fungal [oxaloacetate acetylhydrolase] ([Ssoah1]), was cloned into a BPMV vector and biolistically introduced into [Glycine max]. Plants containing BPMV vectors targeting [Ssoah1] substantially enhanced resistance to [S. sclerotiorum] and lowered expression of [Ssoah1] compared to empty-vector control plants in three replicated experiments (P
Download or read book Modernizing Integrated Management Practices for Sclerotinia Stem Rot of Soybean Glycine Max written by Richard Webster (Ph.D.) and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soybean production in the Upper Midwest region of the United States is consistently threatened by Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR), caused by the fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Management practices for this disease have historically been studied in depth. However, a reevaluation and modernization of these practices is greatly needed. To achieve this, many methods of control are being examined such as the assessment of integrating multiple cultural practices, the reassessment of chemical controls, the development of improved genetic resistance through both classical breeding and reverse genetics, and the integration of resistant genotypes into predictive models. From this research, the optimum cultural and chemical practices were identified for controlling SSR across the Midwest. These practices were examined for their effect on partial profits to understand their economic feasibility. Through breeding efforts, three elite soybean genotypes were identified with high levels of resistance to SSR, and more early-generation breeding lines are being progressed from additional breeding populations. Furthermore, four breeding lines were identified as having differential consistent responses to S. sclerotiorum, and these four lines were established as standardized checks. Using these four check lines, the integration of resistance into S. sclerotiorum apothecial models is being studied to improve predictive accuracy. Collectively, these research efforts will help to modernize management and control of SSR from both research and production perspectives.
Download or read book Study of Chemical and Microbial mediated Strategies for Managing Sclerotinia Stem Rot of Soybean Glycine Max L written by Carolina Escobar-Ochoa and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Soybean Cultivar Responses to and Epidemiological Studies of Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum written by Stephen Ngakhala Wegulo and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genistein inhibited mycelial growth of S. sclerotiorum on water agar at 120 and 240 [Mu]M when incubated at 18 and 26 C. Diseased plants were detected in an inoculum-free soybean field at least 50 m from an adjacent corn field infested with S. sclerotiorium. Disease gradients in the soybean field were best described by the Kiyosawa and Shiyomi model (R2 = 0.86). Within soybean fields, diseased plants were detected 20-45 m from area and strip sources of S. sclerotiorum inoculum. Disease incidence decreased with increasing distance from point sources of apothecia placed at the centers of soybean plots.
Download or read book Field Scale Spatial Distribution and Genotypic Diversity of Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum in Soybeans written by Tyler Mcfeaters and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: White mold (WM) in soybeans, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotium (S.s.), is the second most devastating disease of soybeans in the world. The disease causes an average of 2.5% yield loss in soybean production annually in Pennsylvania (PA), which equates to approximately $6,000,000. However, many growers still do not scout for white mold or have not been able to manage it well. My thesis aims to increase our understanding of the biology of S.s. at the field-scale, which will improve sampling strategies, crop loss estimations, and field experimental designs. Studying the genotypic diversity of S.s. populations at a field scale will help to improve management strategies like fungicide applications. The first objective of my thesis was to determine the spatial distribution of WM disease incidence and of S.s. sclerotia in the soil. My second objective was to determine if there was evidence of clonality in field-scale populations of S.s. Third, we determined if the state-scale Pennsylvania population of S.s. was clonal and compared that population to New York and Minas Gerais, Brazilian populations. Fourth, we validated the Sporecaster mobile application for use by soybean growers to forecast WM risk in the Northeast United States. Eight fields were selected for soil sampling of thirty-five quadrats. S.s. sclerotia were manually removed and isolated in the lab. DNA was extracted for 286 isolates and genotyped by fragment analysis. Microsatellite regions of the DNA were amplified at 10 loci and PCR products were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis. The same fields were also scouted to quantify the disease incidence in each quadrat. Lastly, soybean fields in PA and New York were monitored and scouted to conduct a validation of the Sporecaster mobile application for forecasting white mold risk. Across both years, the maximum number of sclerotia in a field was 3.3 sclerotia/kg soil and the maximum disease incidence for a field was 14% due to warmer and drier weather conditions at most locations. The spatial distribution of the pathogen at a field-scale was randomly distributed and only one field showed aggregation. Genotypic results indicated 83 multilocus genotypes were present across PA. Despite a high genotypic diversity, populations at a field scale were clonal and showed little evidence of outcrossing. The Sporecaster mobile application had a two-year average accuracy of 57-74% at predicting white mold disease incidence. Our increased knowledge of the pathogen and the use of the Sporecaster app will help to improve management recommendations and guide future research of white mold management tactics.
Download or read book Trichoderma written by Mohammad Manjur Shah and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-09-04 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trichoderma is a genus of fungi that are present in all soils, where they are the most prevalent culturable fungi. They are also the most successful biofungicides used in today's agriculture. These green-colored fungi are well known for their antifungal and plant-growth-stimulating effects. This book provides comprehensive information on Trichoderma and its use in medical, agricultural and industrial applications. Section I focuses mainly on identification of Trichoderma species, and Section II is concerned with Trichoderma as a biological control agent. Chapters in these sections cover topics ranging from taxonomic status and biodiversity to biochemical analysis and bio-control application.
Download or read book Sclerotinia Diseases of Crop Plants Biology Ecology and Disease Management written by G. S. Saharan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-09-01 with total page 531 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fungus Sclerotinia has always been a fancy and interesting subject of research both for the mycologists and pathologists. More than 250 species of the fungus have been reported in different host plants all over the world that cause heavy economic losses. It was a challenge to discover weak links in the disease cycle to manage Sclerotinia diseases of large number of crops. For researchers and s- dents, it has been a matter of concern, how to access voluminous literature on Sclerotinia scattered in different journals, reviews, proceedings of symposia, workshops, books, abstracts etc. to get a comprehensive picture. With the pub- cation of book on ‘Sclerotinia’, it has now become quite clear that now only three species of Sclerotinia viz. , S. sclerotiorum, S. minor and S. trifoliorum are valid. The authors have made an excellent attempt to compile all the available infor- tion on various aspects of the fungus Sclerotinia. The information generated so far has been presented in different chapters. After introducing the subject various aspects viz. , the diseases, symptomatology, disease assessment, its distribution, economic importance, the pathogen, its taxonomy, nomenclature, reproduction, reproductive structures with fine details, variability, perpetuation, infection and pathogenesis, biochemical, molecular and physiological aspects of host-pathogen interaction, seed infection, disease cycle, epidemiology and forecasting, host resistance with sources of resistance, mechanism of resistance and other mana- ment strategies have been covered.
