Download or read book Studies on Genetic Variability of Quantitative Characters Contributing to Forage Yield in Maize Zea Mays L written by Achutha Kumar and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Variety L decoded as EH 2380 was found to be the superior variety with respect to forage yield per plant and other component characters followed by variety E decoded as localvariety. weight of leables, forage yield per plant and weight of cob gave the highest coefficient of variation, heritability estimate and genetic advance. Leaf length, leafnumber leaf breath and plant height had the highest. correlation with forage yield per plant both at genotypic and phenotypic level. Leaf length and weightof cob had the maximum contribution to forage yield per plant.

Download or read book Quantitative Genetics in Maize Breeding written by Arnel R. Hallauer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-28 with total page 669 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maize is used in an endless list of products that are directly or indirectly related to human nutrition and food security. Maize is grown in producer farms, farmers depend on genetically improved cultivars, and maize breeders develop improved maize cultivars for farmers. Nikolai I. Vavilov defined plant breeding as plant evolution directed by man. Among crops, maize is one of the most successful examples for breeder-directed evolution. Maize is a cross-pollinated species with unique and separate male and female organs allowing techniques from both self and cross-pollinated crops to be utilized. As a consequence, a diverse set of breeding methods can be utilized for the development of various maize cultivar types for all economic conditions (e.g., improved populations, inbred lines, and their hybrids for different types of markets). Maize breeding is the science of maize cultivar development. Public investment in maize breeding from 1865 to 1996 was $3 billion (Crosbie et al., 2004) and the return on investment was $260 billion as a consequence of applied maize breeding, even without full understanding of the genetic basis of heterosis. The principles of quantitative genetics have been successfully applied by maize breeders worldwide to adapt and improve germplasm sources of cultivars for very simple traits (e.g. maize flowering) and very complex ones (e.g., grain yield). For instance, genomic efforts have isolated early-maturing genes and QTL for potential MAS but very simple and low cost phenotypic efforts have caused significant and fast genetic progress across genotypes moving elite tropical and late temperate maize northward with minimal investment. Quantitative genetics has allowed the integration of pre-breeding with cultivar development by characterizing populations genetically, adapting them to places never thought of (e.g., tropical to short-seasons), improving them by all sorts of intra- and inter-population recurrent selection methods, extracting lines with more probability of success, and exploiting inbreeding and heterosis. Quantitative genetics in maize breeding has improved the odds of developing outstanding maize cultivars from genetically broad based improved populations such as B73. The inbred-hybrid concept in maize was a public sector invention 100 years ago and it is still considered one of the greatest achievements in plant breeding. Maize hybrids grown by farmers today are still produced following this methodology and there is still no limit to genetic improvement when most genes are targeted in the breeding process. Heterotic effects are unique for each hybrid and exotic genetic materials (e.g., tropical, early maturing) carry useful alleles for complex traits not present in the B73 genome just sequenced while increasing the genetic diversity of U.S. hybrids. Breeding programs based on classical quantitative genetics and selection methods will be the basis for proving theoretical approaches on breeding plans based on molecular markers. Mating designs still offer large sample sizes when compared to QTL approaches and there is still a need to successful integration of these methods. There is a need to increase the genetic diversity of maize hybrids available in the market (e.g., there is a need to increase the number of early maturing testers in the northern U.S.). Public programs can still develop new and genetically diverse products not available in industry. However, public U.S. maize breeding programs have either been discontinued or are eroding because of decreasing state and federal funding toward basic science. Future significant genetic gains in maize are dependent on the incorporation of useful and unique genetic diversity not available in industry (e.g., NDSU EarlyGEM lines). The integration of pre-breeding methods with cultivar development should enhance future breeding efforts to maintain active public breeding programs not only adapting and improving genetically broad-based germplasm but also developing unique products and training the next generation of maize breeders producing research dissertations directly linked to breeding programs. This is especially important in areas where commercial hybrids are not locally bred. More than ever public and private institutions are encouraged to cooperate in order to share breeding rights, research goals, winter nurseries, managed stress environments, and latest technology for the benefit of producing the best possible hybrids for farmers with the least cost. We have the opportunity to link both classical and modern technology for the benefit of breeding in close cooperation with industry without the need for investing in academic labs and time (e.g., industry labs take a week vs months/years in academic labs for the same work). This volume, as part of the Handbook of Plant Breeding series, aims to increase awareness of the relative value and impact of maize breeding for food, feed, and fuel security. Without breeding programs continuously developing improved germplasm, no technology can develop improved cultivars. Quantitative Genetics in Maize Breeding presents principles and data that can be applied to maximize genetic improvement of germplasm and develop superior genotypes in different crops. The topics included should be of interest of graduate students and breeders conducting research not only on breeding and selection methods but also developing pure lines and hybrid cultivars in crop species. This volume is a unique and permanent contribution to breeders, geneticists, students, policy makers, and land-grant institutions still promoting quality research in applied plant breeding as opposed to promoting grant monies and indirect costs at any short-term cost. The book is dedicated to those who envision the development of the next generation of cultivars with less need of water and inputs, with better nutrition; and with higher percentages of exotic germplasm as well as those that pursue independent research goals before searching for funding. Scientists are encouraged to use all possible breeding methodologies available (e.g., transgenics, classical breeding, MAS, and all possible combinations could be used with specific sound long and short-term goals on mind) once germplasm is chosen making wise decisions with proven and scientifically sound technologies for assisting current breeding efforts depending on the particular trait under selection. Arnel R. Hallauer is C. F. Curtiss Distinguished Professor in Agriculture (Emeritus) at Iowa State University (ISU). Dr. Hallauer has led maize-breeding research for mid-season maturity at ISU since 1958. His work has had a worldwide impact on plant-breeding programs, industry, and students and was named a member of the National Academy of Sciences. Hallauer is a native of Kansas, USA. José B. Miranda Filho is full-professor in the Department of Genetics, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz - University of São Paulo located at Piracicaba, Brazil. His research interests have emphasized development of quantitative genetic theory and its application to maize breeding. Miranda Filho is native of Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil. M.J. Carena is professor of plant sciences at North Dakota State University (NDSU). Dr. Carena has led maize-breeding research for short-season maturity at NDSU since 1999. This program is currently one the of the few public U.S. programs left integrating pre-breeding with cultivar development and training in applied maize breeding. He teaches Quantitative Genetics and Crop Breeding Techniques at NDSU. Carena is a native of Buenos Aires, Argentina. http://www.ag.ndsu.nodak.edu/plantsci/faculty/Carena.htm

Download or read book Genetic Variability Studies for Forage Traits in Maize Zea Mays L written by Morankar P T. and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Genetics Genomics and Breeding of Maize written by Ramakrishna Wusirika and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-08-05 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sequencing of the maize genome has opened up new opportunities in maize breeding, genetics and genomics research. This book highlights modern trends in development of hybrids, analysis of genetic diversity, molecular breeding, comparative and functional genomics, epigenomicsand proteomics in maize. The use of maize in biofuels, phytoremediation and

Download or read book Plant Breeding Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 1132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Genetic Dissection of Yield Component Traits in Zea Mays Using Multiparent Advanced Generation Intercross Populations written by Kathryn Michel and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maize (Zea mays L.) yield is a highly quantitative trait controlled by many loci of small effect, the environment, and genotype by environment interactions, which make it a difficult trait to study at the gene level. However, yield may be broken into components such as ear and kernel size and shape, which are more heritable than yield measured in small plots. Multiparent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) populations and diversity panels are two types of populations that are useful for identifying quantitative trait loci (QTL) that influence phenotypes. This dissertation contains three research projects designed to investigate the control of quantitative traits impacting maize yield. First, we present the genomes of five founders of a Stiff Stalk MAGIC population. Between the reference inbred B73 and the other five inbreds, we found substantial genetic and genomic variation in addition to conservation of haplotypes from the base population from which the inbreds were selected. Second, we describe the Wisconsin-Stiff Stalk-MAGIC population, its associated resources, and demonstrate QTL mapping and genomic prediction for flowering time and plant height. Flowering time and plant height are important characteristics in hybrid maize breeding, so we measured them in both the per se population and two test-crossed hybrid populations. We found that QTL detection depended on the tester used, which was consistent with lower genomic predictive ability when training models with per se data to predict hybrid phenotypes. Third, we used a high throughput image analysis pipeline to measure yield components on four MAGIC populations and a diversity panel. We performed genetic mapping to identify candidate genes underlying ear and kernel size and shape. We found substantial overlap of our results across traits within and between populations and overlap with known metaQTL identified through previous studies. The results from these projects provide new insight into the genetic control of traits including flowering time, plant height, and the size and shape of ears and kernels, all of which impact overall maize yield.

Download or read book Handbook of Maize written by Jeff L. Bennetzen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-01-16 with total page 785 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maize is one of the world’s highest value crops, with a multibillion dollar annual contribution to agriculture. The great adaptability and high yields available for maize as a food, feed and forage crop have led to its current production on over 140 million hectares worldwide, with acreage continuing to grow at the expense of other crops. In terms of tons of cereal grain produced worldwide, maize has been number one for many years. Moreover, maize is expanding its contribution to non-food uses, including as a major source of ethanol as a fuel additive or fuel alternative in the US. In addition, maize has been at the center of the transgenic plant controversy, serving as the first food crop with released transgenic varieties. By 2008, maize will have its genome sequence released, providing the sequence of the first average-size plant genome (the four plant genomes that are now sequenced come from unusually tiny genomes) and of the most complex genome sequenced from any organism. Among plant science researchers, maize has the second largest and most productive research community, trailing only the Arabidopsis community in scale and significance. At the applied research and commercial improvement levels, maize has no peers in agriculture, and consists of thousands of contributors worthwhile. A comprehensive book on the biology of maize has not been published. The "Handbook of Maize: the Genetics and Genomics" center on the past, present and future of maize as a model for plant science research and crop improvement. The books include brief, focused chapters from the foremost maize experts and feature a succinct collection of informative images representing the maize germplasm collection.

Download or read book Improvement of Quality Traits of Maize for Grain and Silage Use written by W.G. Pollmer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1980 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Seminar in the EEC Programme of Coordination of Research on Plant Protein Improvement

Download or read book Genetic Evaluation of Some Varieties of Forage Maize Zea Mays L written by Rakesh Kumar and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present study was undertaken to observe the range of variability for different fodder traits and to estimate heritability and genetic advance for individual character along with some fodder altributes at genotypic and phenotypic levels. The sesults indicated that variety south African comporite showed superior performance in green yield and crude protein yield perplant where as variety vijay composite was superior with respect to number of cofs per plant and dry matter yield per plant. Genotypic sona recon exhibited maximum leaf breadth but was poor in other characters. Plant height resulted in highest heritability and genetic advance and green yield and dry matter yield found to be significantly positively correlated with plant height stem diameteve leaf number and leaf wight. All the leaf characters, stem diameter, weight of cobs and crude protein yield showed direct contribution to forage yield composite and vijaya composite were excellent in most of the forage traits.

Download or read book Genetic Variability and Character Association in Forage Maize zea Mays L written by G. Mallikarjun and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Genetic Variability of Quantitative Characters Within an Inbred Line of Maize written by Dale Eugene Cochran and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Agrindex written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 908 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Evaluation of Teosinte Genetic Diversity for Agronomic and Domestication Traits in Maize written by Avinash Karn and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maize (Zea mays ssp. mays) is one of the most important crops in the world. Teosinte (Zea mays ssp. parviglumis) is the wild progenitor of maize and has greater genetic diversity than maize inbreds and landraces. Maize was domesticated from teosinte 9000 years ago, in central Mexico, and has been subjected to modern plant breeding over the past 100 years. In the recent years, extensive scientific breeding practices have led to remarkable yield increases in maize. However, domesticated and artificial genes have greatly reduced genetic diversity and cannot contribute to variation for agronomically important traits. Teosinte readily forms hybrids with maize and thus offers a unique pool of allelic diversity for maize improvement, yet limited genetic resources were available to efficiently evaluate and tap this diversity. To broaden resources for genetic diversity studies in maize, our lab previously developed over 900 near-isogenic introgression lines (NILs) from 10 teosinte accessions in the B73 background, and here we report the development of a new population, the Teosinte Synthetic (Teo-Syn). In order to understand the relationship between genetic diversity from teosinte and grain composition, we evaluated kernel starch, protein, and oil content, in the teosinte NILs. We found two starch, three protein and six oil QTL, which collectively explain 18%, 23% and 45% of the total variation, respectively. A range of strong allelic effects were identified relative to the B73 allele, supporting our hypothesis that teosinte harbors stronger alleles for kernel composition traits than maize. We found that some of the regions of the genome that control grain composition in our population were previously identified in maize, but we also found several new regions of the genome from teosinte that control grain composition. These teosinte alleles can be exploited for the improvement of kernel composition traits in modern maize germplasm. Ultimately, these novel regions of the teosinte genome can be mined for useful variation to improve corn for producers and consumers, as well as many industrial applications. In maize, common variants play a critical role to adapt to numerous large-scale environments; however, there are numerous rare alleles that may contribute to inbreeding depression or heterosis through complementation, or in complex quantitative traits such as yield, adaptation and kernel composition. It is important to understand the role of rare alleles in the maize genetic architecture in order to aid in the selection and development of future elite breeding lines. A new genetic resource, the Teosinte Synthetic (Teo-Syn), was developed by our lab by randomly mating backcrossed (BC1) progeny of 11 parviglumis accessions in the B73 background, yielding a population with the expected genetic ratio of ~25% teosinte and ~75% B73. We identified several significant QTLs for plant architecture, adaptation and kernel composition traits with a wide range of allelic effects. We further investigated if there is any statistical evidence for epistatic interactions in the Teo-Syn population, and found numerous interacting sites with larger and wider effects than additive effects. Maize plays a central role in the US agriculture and food production, as well as has the greatest molecular and phenotypic diversity than any crop species. My results from this study provide accumulated evidence for epistatic interactions influencing the genetic architecture of several plant architecture and composition traits. Findings from this study provide novel information that can be utilized by breeders and geneticist to accelerate the development of future elite maize germplasm as well as provide insight to efficiently predict hybrid performance.

Download or read book The Quantitative Genetics of a Non stiff stalk Maize Zea Mays L Population written by Brandon M. Wardyn and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The genetic relationship among individuals is at the core of nearly all quantitative genetic theory. Dominant gene action has long been either ignored or disregarded as insignificant in many previous genetic models. For grain yield in maize (Zea mays L.), dominance has consistently accounted for a large proportion of genetic variance. We have used previously developed genetic theory that accounts for dominance variance during inbreeding and applied it to a unique breeding design. Our breeding design allowed us to estimate five genetic covariance parameters for six traits. In addition, we developed genetic gain equations that accounted for both dominance and inbreeding. We found that the genetic covariance parameters introduced via inbreeding were significant for five traits. Our estimates of the genetic covariance parameters allowed us to predict genetic gain over a range of selection units and response units. Half-sib selection proved superior to inbred progeny selection when the response was measured in the outbred progeny. In addition, the relative proportions of additive and dominance variance influenced the effectiveness of inbred progeny selection. We also showed that even when dominance constitutes a larger proportion of the total genetic variance than additive variance, the loss of additive effects has a greater influence on the decline associated with inbreeding than the addition of homozygous dominance deviations. Our results also indicated that the reason realized gain often falls short of predicted gain is due to the negative covariance between additive effects and homozygous dominance effects. The effect of a negative covariance is that positive gain via additive effects is offset by negative gain via homozygous dominance deviations.

Download or read book Environmental and Management Factor Contributions to Maize Yield written by Frederick E. Below and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-02-12 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Environmental and Management Factor Contributions to Maize Yield" that was published in Agronomy

Download or read book Quantitative Genetics and Selection in Plant Breeding written by Günter Wricke and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 1986 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 1732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: