Download or read book Studies of Atmospheric Aerosols by Single Particle Mass Spectrometry written by Manuel Dall'osto and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Single Particle Mass Spectrometry written by Daniel Mira Salama and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Analysis of Atmospheric Aerosol Processes Using Single Particle Mass Spectrometry written by Jeffrey Robert Whiteaker and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Novel Techniques and Applications in Single Particle Mass Spectrometry written by John Francis Cahill and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the environment, aerosol particles can affect climate directly though scattering and absorbing radiation and indirectly by influencing cloud formation, albedo, and lifetime. Beyond the environment, aerosols are commonly used as a delivery mechanism for a variety of products, such as inhalers and spray paints. Chemically characterizing aerosols is a difficult endeavor, and relatively few instrumental methods are capable of doing so. A unique subset of instrumentation and techniques exist to measure aerosol chemical and physical properties. Among these, the aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS) can measure single particle chemistry and size in real time. The ATOFMS was developed for the study atmospheric aerosols, and data acquired by the ATOFMS over the years since its creation has provided significant insight into many atmospheric phenomena; however, the application of this technique into disciplines other than atmospheric chemistry has been relatively unexplored. In this dissertation the ATOFMS is used in a conventional sense, to provide insight into atmospheric particle chemistry through two field studies in California, but also in an unconventional way by using the ATOFMS to answer outstanding questions in other disciplines, including nanomaterials and biochemistry. Often the chemistry of a single unit, rather than of the bulk, is needed in these disciplines, and the ATOFMS is uniquely suited to provide this information. The ATOFMS was used to chemically characterize single particles of a unique class of nanomaterials, called metal organic frameworks (MOFs), comprised of functionalized organic linkers and metal ions or metal ion clusters. ATOFMS data was able to show the presence of MOFs with mixed functionality, and show the exchange of functional groups between materials. Cell processes can be monitored by measuring small molecules that are part of cell metabolism, which can provide insight into cell functions, environment, and disease. Using an ATOFMS with a modified aerodynamic lens inlet, single microalgae cells 4-10 μm in diameter of various types have been be characterized. Compared to other single cell mass spectrometry techniques, the modified ATOFMS has unprecedented throughput, up to 50 Hz. Time-resolved measurements of cells undergoing nitrogen deprivation further highlight the abilities of the technique for single cell analysis.
Download or read book Single Particle Analysis of Transient Variations Occurring in Atmospheric Aerosols written by Christopher Alan Noble and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 1230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Analytical Chemistry of Aerosols written by Kvetoslav R. Spurny and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Until the 1980s, researchers studied and measured only the physical properties of aerosols. Since the 80s, however, interest in the physicochemcal properties of aerosols has grown tremendously. Scientists in environmental hygiene, medicine, and toxicology have recognized the importance held by the chemical composition and properties of aerosols and the interactions of inhaled, "bad" aerosols. This book offers the first comprehensive treatment of modern aerosol analytical methods, sampling and separation procedures, and environmental applications, and offers critical reviews of the latest literature. This important field has developed rapidly in the last 15 years, but until now, no book effectively summarized or analyzed the existing research. Analytical Chemistry of Aerosols reviews procedures, techniques, and trends in the measurement and analysis of atmospheric aerosols. With contributions from acknowledged, international experts, the book discusses various methods of bulk analysis, single particle analysis, and the analysis of special aerosol systems, including fibrous and bacterial aerosols.
Download or read book Aerosols in Atmospheric Chemistry written by Yue Zhang and published by American Chemical Society. This book was released on 2022-04-01 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The uncertainties in the aerosol effects on radiative forcing limit our knowledge of climate change, presenting us with an important research challenge. Aerosols in Atmospheric Chemistry introduces basic concepts about the characterization, formation, and impacts of ambient aerosol particles as an introduction to graduate students new to the field. Each chapter also provides an up-to-date synopsis of the latest knowledge of aerosol particles in atmospheric chemistry.
Download or read book Fundamentals and Applications in Aerosol Spectroscopy written by Ruth Signorell and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-12-20 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Helping you better understand the processes, instruments, and methods of aerosol spectroscopy, Fundamentals and Applications in Aerosol Spectroscopy provides an overview of the state of the art in this rapidly developing field. It covers fundamental aspects of aerosol spectroscopy, applications to atmospherically and astronomically relevant problem
Download or read book Single Particle Characterization Source Apportionment and Aging Effects of Ambient Aerosols in Southern California written by Laura Grace Shields and published by ProQuest. This book was released on 2008 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Composed of a mixture of chemical species and phases and existing in a variety of shapes and sizes, atmospheric aerosols are complex and can have serious influence on human health, the environment, and climate. In order to better understand the impact of aerosols on local to global scales, detailed measurements on the physical and chemical properties of ambient particles are essential. In addition, knowing the origin or the source of the aerosols is important for policymakers to implement targeted regulations and effective control strategies to reduce air pollution in their region. One of the most ground breaking techniques in aerosol instrumentation is single particle mass spectrometry (SPMS), which can provide online chemical composition and size information on the individual particle level. The primary focus of this work is to further improve the ability of one specific SPMS technique, aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ATOFMS), for the use of identifying the specific origin of ambient aerosols, which is known as source apportionment. The ATOFMS source apportionment method utilizes a library of distinct source mass spectral signatures to match the chemical information of the single ambient particles. The unique signatures are obtained in controlled source characterization studies, such as with the exhaust emissions of heavy duty diesel vehicles (HDDV) operating on a dynamometer. The apportionment of ambient aerosols is complicated by the chemical and physical processes an individual particle can undergo as it spends time in the atmosphere, which is referred to as "aging" of the aerosol. Therefore, the performance of the source signature library technique was investigated on the ambient dataset of the highly aged environment of Riverside, California. Additionally, two specific subsets of the Riverside dataset (ultrafine particles and particles containing trace metals), which are known to cause adverse health effects, were probed in greater detail. Finally, the impact of large wildfires on the ambient levels of particulate matter in Southern California is discussed. The results of this work provide insight into single particles impacting the Southern California region, the relative source contributions to this region, and finally an examination of how atmospheric aging influences the ability to perform source apportionment.
Download or read book Development and Characterization of Two Versions of a New Single Particle Mass Spectrometer for Organic Aerosol Analysis that Incorporate a 3D Ion Trap written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aerosol particles are ubiquitous throughout the atmosphere and play an important role in human health, climate, and the chemistry of the atmosphere. A significant mass fraction of these particles is composed of organic species, which remain poorly characterized due to the number and diversity of species present. This thesis describes the development and characterization of two versions of a new single particle mass spectrometer with a 3D ion trap for organic aerosol studies. Version I combines CO2 laser desorption and electron impact ionization in an ion trap. Mass spectra obtained for four species are comparable to NIST EI spectra. Tandem mass spectrometry studies are also demonstrated. The effects of vaporization energy, ionization delay time, and electron pulse width on the mass spectra and fragmentation patterns are examined. The detection limit of the instrument is found to be ~1x108 molecules (350 nm diameter particle) for 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid. Version II integrates CO2 laser desorption and tunable VUV ionization in an ion trap and was used for a detailed study of oleyl alcohol, oleic acid and mixtures thereof. Both the degree of fragmentation in the mass spectra and the translational energy of the vaporized molecules are found to vary as a function of desorption energy in the pure particles and as a function of composition in the mixed particles. These changes can be described by the energy absorbed per particle during desorption. We show that these effects hinder the quantitative response of the instrument and have important implications for other two step laser desorption/ionization systems. The final part of this thesis presents preliminary results from atmospherically relevant particles. Mass spectra of cigarette sidestream smoke, fulvic acid, meat cooking, and ammonium bisulfate aerosols are collected using both versions of the instrument. The two step desorption/ionization process only worked for two types of aerosols, while CO2 only mass spectra w.
Download or read book Atmospheric Aerosols written by Rekha Kale and published by Scitus Academics LLC. This book was released on 2015-03 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atmospheric Aerosols is a vital problem in current environmental research due to its importance in atmospheric optics, energetics, radiative transfer studies, chemistry, climate, biology and public health. Aerosols can influence the energy balance of the terrestrial atmosphere, the hydrological cycle, atmospheric dynamics and monsoon circulations. Because of the heterogeneous aerosol field with large spatial and temporal variability and reduction in uncertainties in aerosol quantification is a challenging task in atmospheric sciences. Keeping this in view the present study aims to assess the impact of aerosols on coastal Indian station Visakhapatnam and the adjoining Bay of Bengal. An aerosol is a colloid of fine solid particles or liquid droplets, in air or another gas. Aerosols can be natural or not. Examples of natural aerosols are fog, forest exudates and geyser steam.
Download or read book Aerosol Measurement written by Pramod Kulkarni and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-09 with total page 1497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aerosol Measurement: Principles, Techniques, and Applications Third Edition is the most detailed treatment available of the latest aerosol measurement methods. Drawing on the know-how of numerous expert contributors; it provides a solid grasp of measurement fundamentals and practices a wide variety of aerosol applications. This new edition is updated to address new and developing applications of aerosol measurement, including applications in environmental health, atmospheric science, climate change, air pollution, public health, nanotechnology, particle and powder technology, pharmaceutical research and development, clean room technology (integrated circuit manufacture), and nuclear waste management.
Download or read book Investigations Into the Impact of Transported Particles on Air Pollution and Climate Using Aerosol Time of flight Mass Spectrometry written by Andrew Phillip Ault and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atmospheric aerosols have a significant impact on human health and climate, yet the full scope of these influences are only beginning to be discovered and characterized. To understand these impacts, detailed in-situ measurements of the physical, chemical, and optical properties of aerosols are necessary. Aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ATOFMS) provides the ability to measure chemical, physical, and optical properties of single particles in real-time. This dissertation uses ATOFMS to explore both the properties and evolution of particles as they are transported over local to global distances. The results of numerous field studies are utilized to explore the changes to these particles as they travel through the atmosphere from their source to eventual deposition. Local to regional scale transport of particles was observed from a number of perspectives in this dissertation. Particles regionally transported from the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach to San Diego were identified chemically as ship and truck emissions and shown to overwhelm local sources during peak transport conditions. Ship emissions were studied in detail at the Port of Los Angeles by characterizing individual ship plumes at a site adjacent to the main channel. Mobile laboratory measurements demonstrated the variation in particle concentrations and composition on a local-to-regional level. On the intercontinental-to-global scale, Asian dust was observed in precipitation samples collected in the Sierra Nevada Mountains during orographic precipitation. The incorporation of the long range-transported dust might enhance precipitation, which may alter California's precipitation patterns and water supply. The outflow of particles from Asia to North America were measured on a remote island off Korea, and the sources and aging of particles in Chinese urban, Chinese dust, and Korean air masses were compared to marine air masses. Lastly, ATOFMS studies from sites across North America, Asia, Europe, and Africa were compared to determine similarities and differences in size-resolved chemical mixing state of particles across numerous types of sampling sites, with the objective being to provide information for global climate models to more accurately represent particles. Taken together these results provide an increased understanding of particle chemistry and transport on the scale of meters-to-continents.
Download or read book Aerosols written by Igor Agranovski and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-05-16 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This self-contained handbook and ready reference examines aerosol science and technology in depth, providing a detailed insight into this progressive field. As such, it covers fundamental concepts, experimental methods, and a wide variety of applications, ranging from aerosol filtration to biological aerosols, and from the synthesis of carbon nanotubes to aerosol reactors. Written by a host of internationally renowned experts in the field, this is an essential resource for chemists and engineers in the chemical and materials disciplines across multiple industries, as well as ideal supplementary reading in graduate level courses.
Download or read book New Insights Into Single particle Mixing State Using Aircraft Aerosol Time of flight Mass Spectrometry written by Kerri Anne Pratt and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atmospheric aerosols strongly influence the energy balance of the Earth and the hydrological cycle by scattering and absorbing radiation and acting as cloud condensation and ice nuclei. The climate and human health impacts of aerosols are strongly dependent on particle size, chemical composition, and mixing state. During transport in the atmosphere, aerosol particles undergo physical and chemical transformations (atmospheric aging) through heterogeneous reactions with trace gases and gas-particle partitioning of semivolatile species. The size-resolved chemical composition of individual particles may be examined in real-time using aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ATOFMS). A smaller ATOFMS with increased data acquisition capabilities was developed for aircraft-based studies. Particle volatility was examined through ground-based measurements during the Study of Organic Aerosols in Riverside, CA (SOAR), and vertical mixing state profiles and cloud residues were examined through flight-based measurements during the Ice in Clouds Experiment - Layer Clouds (ICE-L). An automated thermodenuder (TD) was coupled to the aircraft (A)-ATOFMS to provide the first real-time, individual-particle size and volatility-resolved chemical composition measurements. This work provided insight into the volatility of secondary species, as well as the sources and chemistry of ambient particle cores. Seasonal differences in the volatility of amine species were attributed to the formation of aminium sulfate and nitrate salts in the summer. Oligomeric species were detected in real-time for the first time in individual ambient aerosol particles; increased oligomer ion intensities were associated with increased particle acidity and heating. During ICE-L, vertical profiles of particle types, such as soot, mixed with secondary species, such as sulfuric acid, were examined. For cloud sampling, a counterflow virtual impactor was utilized in series with the A-ATOFMS to examine the residues of cloud droplets and ice crystals. This resulted in the first in-situ detection of biological particles in high altitude ice clouds influenced by long-range transported dust. Playa salts were observed to serve as cloud condensation nuclei and were preferentially observed as residues of large droplets.
Download or read book Natural and Anthropogenic Influences on the Chemical Composition of Marine Boundary Layer Aerosols written by Sergio Adrian Guazzotti and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 846 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Atmospheric Aerosols written by S. Twomey and published by Elsevier Science & Technology. This book was released on 1977 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Good,No Highlights,No Markup,all pages are intact, Slight Shelfwear,may have the corners slightly dented, may have slight color changes/slightly damaged spine.
