Download or read book Structure and Phase Transformations in Thin Films written by Zsolt Czigány and published by Mdpi AG. This book was released on 2023-09-20 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of thin films has undergone significant developments in recent decades. Besides the multiple applications of thin films, increasing competence can be observed with regard to tailoring the film microstructure using composition and deposition parameters. This Special Issue contains cutting-edge research and review articles regarding the preparation and characterization of materials with excellent properties, as well as the related modelling approaches. The papers published in this Special Issue cover a wide range of topics, including high-entropy alloys, hard materials, effects of additives on structures and properties, and the identification of Magnéli phases. Computer modelling of magnetic properties and optical modelling of dielectric function are also represented in this volume. The reader can find strong indications of the importance of extending existing knowledge through the exploration of the mechanisms of the ongoing processes via in situ monitoring.

Download or read book Structural and Phase Transformations in Sputter Deposited Titanium aluminum Multilayered and Alloy Thin Films written by Rajarshi Banerjee and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Structure and Phase Transformation of Nanocrystalline and Amorphous Alloy Thin Films written by Hao Chen and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Phase Transformations in Thin Films of TiNi Thermoelastic Alloys written by Liuwen Chang and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Phase Transitions in Materials written by Brent Fultz and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-08-14 with total page 589 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A clear, concise and rigorous textbook covering phase transitions in the context of advances in electronic structure and statistical mechanics.

Download or read book Defect engineered Ti Al N thin films written by Isabella Citlalli Schramm Benítez and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2017-10-23 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis investigates the effect of point defects (nitrogen vacancies and interstitials) and multilayering ((Ti,Al)N/TiN) on the phase transformations in cathodic arc-evaporated cubic (Ti,Al)N thin films at elevated temperatures. Special attention is paid to the evolution of the beneficial spinodal decomposition into c-TiN and c-AlN, the detrimental formation of wurtzite AlN and the potential application as hard coating in cutting tools. c-(Ti1-xAlx)Ny thin films with varying Al fractions and N content (y = 0.93 to 0.75) show a delay in the spinodal decomposition when increasing the amount of N vacancies. This results in a 300 °C upshift in the age hardening and a delay in the w-AlN formation, while additions of self-interstitials enhance phase separation. High temperature interaction between hard metal substrates and thin films is more pronounced when increasing N deficiency through diffusion of substrate elements into the film. Low N content films (y = 0.58 to 0.40) showed formation of additional phases such as Ti4AlN3, Ti2AlN, Al5Ti2 and Al3Ti during annealing and a transformation from Ti2AlN to Ti4AlN3 via intercalation. The multilayer structure of TiN/TiAlN results in surfacedirected spinodal decomposition that affects the decomposition behavior. Careful use of these effects appears as a promising method to improve cutting tool performance. Diese Arbeit untersucht den Effekt von Punktdefekten (Stickstoffleerstellen und Zwischengitteratome) und Multilagen ((Ti,Al)N/TiN) auf die Phasenumwandlung in lichtbogenverdampften kubischen (Ti,Al)N-Dünnschichten bei erhöhten Temperaturen. Besonderes Augenmerk liegt auf der Entwicklung der vorteilhaften spinodalen Entmischung in c-TiN und c-AlN und der nachteiligen Bildung von Wurtzit-AlN, sowie der möglichen Anwendung als Hartstoffbeschichtung von Schneidwerkzeugen. c-(Ti1-xAlx)Ny mit unterschiedlichem Al-Anteil und N-Gehalten von y = 0,93 bis 0,75 zeigt mit zunehmenden Stickstoffleerstellen eine Verzögerung der spinodalen Entmischung. Dadurch verschiebt sich die Ausscheidungshärtung um 300 °C zu höheren Temperaturen und die w-AlN-Bildung wird verzögert, während der Einbau von Eigenzwischengitteratomen die Entmischung beschleunigt. Die Hochtemperaturwechselwirkung zwischen Hartmetallsubstrat und Dünnschicht durch Diffusion von Substratelementen in die Schicht nimmt mit steigendem Stickstoffdefizit zu. Stickstoffarme Schichten (y = 0,58 bis 0,40) zeigen während der Wärmebehandlung zusätzliche Phasen wie Ti4AlN3, Ti2AlN, Al5Ti2 und Al3Ti und eine Umwandlung von Ti2AlN in Ti4AlN3 durch Interkalation. Die Multischichtstruktur von TiN/TiAlN führt zu einer oberflächengerichteten spinodalen Entmischung, die das Entmischungsverhalten beeinflusst. Ein gezielter Einsatz dieser Effekte erscheint als ein vielsprechender Weg, um die Leistungsfähigkeit von Schneidwerkzeugen zu verbessern. I denna avhandling behandlas inverkan av punktdefekter (kvävevakanser och interstitialer) och multilagring ((Ti,Al)N/TiN) på högtemperaturfasomvandlingar i tunna arcförångade skikt av kubiska (Ti,Al)N. Störst vikt har lagts på utvecklingen av det fördelaktiga spinodala sönderfallet till c-TiN och c-AlN, den ofördelaktiga omvandlingen till w-AlN och potentialen som hårda skikt i verktygstillämpningar. Tunna c-(Ti1-xAlx)Ny skikt med olika Al-andel och en N-halt mellan (y = 0.93 och 0.75) uppvisar ökad undertryckning av det spinodala sönderfallet med ökat kvävevakanshalt. Detta resulterar i bildandet av w-AlN skiftas upp i temperatur vilket gör att åldershärdningen höjs med 300 °C. Däremot medför närvaron av självinterstitialer ett snabbare sönderfall. Växelverkan mellan hårdmetallsubstraten och de tunna skikten vid hög temperatur ökar med minskad kvävehalt i skiten genom diffusion av atomer från substratet in i filmen. Filmer med låg kvävehalt (y = 0.58 till 0.40) bildar även andra faser så som Ti4AlN3, Ti2AlN, Al5Ti2 och Al3Ti under värmebehandling och fasomvandlingen från Ti2AlN till Ti4AlN3 sker via en mekanism kallad intercalation. Multilagring av TiN/TiAlN resulterar i ett ytriktad spinodalt sönderfall vilket påverkar det totala sönderfallsförloppet. Nyttjande av dessa resultat syns som lovande vägar till förbättrade verktygsegenskaper.

Download or read book Phase Transitions in Surface Films written by J.G. Dash and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Advanced Study Institute on Phase Transitions in Surface Films was held at the Ettore Majorana Centre for Scientific Cul ture in Erice, Sicily, during June 11 to June 25, 1979. This Institute was the second course of the International School of Low Temperature Physics which was established at the Centre in 1977, with the guidance and inspiration of T. Regge and A. Zichichi. The 1979 course selected a topic on one of the most rapidly advancing fields of condensed matter physics in the late 70's. The program of topics and speakers was developed with the advice of the Organizing Committee, composed of J. Friedel, N. D. Mermin, R. E. Peierls, T. Regge and J. Wheatley. These two weeks were memorable for the range and depth of the lectures and seminars, and the sustained high interest of the students and faculty through a damanding schedule of over 5 hours a day of formal sessions. A large fraction of the leading researchers in the field were there. It would have been impossible to gather such a large group five years earlier, for the field itself is hardly 10 years old. Although the foundations of the thermodynamics of surface films were laid down by Gibbs about 100 years ago, and experiments on oil/water monolayers were carried out by Pockels and Rayleigh at about the same time, the beginnings of the modern field were much more recent.

Download or read book Phase Transformation Kinetics in Thin Films Volume 230 written by M. Chen and published by . This book was released on 1992-02-28 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The MRS Symposium Proceeding series is an internationally recognised reference suitable for researchers and practitioners.

Download or read book Phase Transformations written by Srikumar Banerjee and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-05-31 with total page 837 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The terms phase transitions and phase transformations are often used in an interchangeable manner in the metallurgical literature. In Phase Transformations, transformations driven by pressure changes, radiation and deformation and those occurring in nanoscale multilayers are brought to the fore. Order-disorder transformations, many of which constitute very good examples of continuous transformations, are dealt with in a comprehensive manner. Almost all types of phase transformations and reactions that are commonly encountered in inorganic materials are covered and the underlying thermodynamic, kinetic and crystallographic aspects elucidated. Shows readers the advancements in the field - due to enhanced computing power and superior experimental capability Drawing upon the background and the research experience of the authors, bringing together a wealth of experience Written essentially from a physical metallurgists view point

Download or read book Structure and Properties of Multilayered Thin Films Volume 382 written by Tai D. Nguyen and published by . This book was released on 1995-11-10 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Layered thin film structures often have unusual properties which make them appealing in a wide range of applications. Fabrication of submicron and nanometer multilayers can produce metastable phases that many not be predicted from the bulk equilibrium phase diagrams. Understanding the growth, structure, stability and properties of multilayers, and controlling their microstructure through processing, are important in many applications. This book focuses on the relationship of structure and processing to the properties that are relevant to all researchers in the field of multilayers. Topics include: phase transformation and reaction kinetics; processing and growth; structural characterization; magnetic, electronic and optical properties; mechanical properties; X-ray optics; thin-film interfaces.

Download or read book Thin Films and Phase Transition on Surfaces written by M. Michailov and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook of Thin Films Five Volume Set written by Hari Singh Nalwa and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-11-17 with total page 3451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This five-volume handbook focuses on processing techniques, characterization methods, and physical properties of thin films (thin layers of insulating, conducting, or semiconductor material). The editor has composed five separate, thematic volumes on thin films of metals, semimetals, glasses, ceramics, alloys, organics, diamonds, graphites, porous materials, noncrystalline solids, supramolecules, polymers, copolymers, biopolymers, composites, blends, activated carbons, intermetallics, chalcogenides, dyes, pigments, nanostructured materials, biomaterials, inorganic/polymer composites, organoceramics, metallocenes, disordered systems, liquid crystals, quasicrystals, and layered structures. Thin films is a field of the utmost importance in today's materials science, electrical engineering and applied solid state physics; with both research and industrial applications in microelectronics, computer manufacturing, and physical devices. Advanced, high-performance computers, high-definition TV, digital camcorders, sensitive broadband imaging systems, flat-panel displays, robotic systems, and medical electronics and diagnostics are but a few examples of miniaturized device technologies that depend the utilization of thin film materials. The Handbook of Thin Films Materials is a comprehensive reference focusing on processing techniques, characterization methods, and physical properties of these thin film materials.

Download or read book Predicting Polymorphic Phase Stability in Multilayered Thin Films written by Gregory B. Thompson and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: As thin films are reduced in thickness, allotropic phase transformations to structures that are not the equilibrium phase in the standard state can be stabilized. These polymorphic phase transformations have been referred to as pseudomorphism. Many of these pseudomorphic phases have been serendipitously discovered. For the first time, the use of a classical thermodynamic model has been developed in the prediction of phase stability in Zr/Nb and Ti/Nb multilayered thin film structures. The classical thermodynamic model predicts that in regions of high volume fractions of Nb, the lower volume fraction, or alternatively, the thinner Zr or Ti layer, can be stabilized as a bcc phase rather then an hcp phase. The pseudomorphic phase is stabilized by a reduction in the interfacial free energy. An outcome of the classical thermodynamic model is a new type of phase stability diagram, referred to as a biphase diagram, in predicting which combinations of length scale and volume fraction will stabilize the pseudomorphic or bulk equilibrium phases. The change in hcp to bcc phase stability in Zr and Ti has been confirmed by transmission and reflection x-ray diffraction and electron diffraction. In each case, the Zr or Ti layer adopted a lattice parameter similar to its high temperature beta-bcc lattice parameter. An O-lattice construction, a nearest-neighbor-bond model, and a van der Merwe model have been used to estimate the contributing structural and chemical contributions to the hcp-bcc interfacial free energy reduction value. The Zr/Nb values match well to experimentally determined interfacial free energies that can be calculated from the slopes of the stability boundaries on the biphase diagram. Atom Probe Tomography (APT) results indicated a significant interdiffusion of up to 15 at.% Nb into the Ti layers that helped to facilitate the hcp-bcc transition in Ti. Refinement of the free energy calculations using the APT results brought the predicted and experimental interfacial free energy values in closer agreement for Ti/Nb. The successful prediction of bcc Zr or Ti in volume fraction rich Nb multilayers was used in the prediction and confirmation by x-ray and electron diffraction of a novel bcc to hcp phase stability change for Nb for each multilayer system. The hcp Nb phase has adopted independent hcp lattice parameters from either Zr or Ti. In either the Zr/Nb or Ti/Nb system, the hcp Nb lattice parameters were found to be equivalent. Finally, a series of Ti-8at.%V/Nb multilayers were sputter deposited. The addition of V, a bcc-stabilizer in Ti alloys, has been shown to allow for controlled facilitation of the hcp-bcc phase stability in the Ti layer. This result opens up the possibility for predictive phase engineering of multilayers at a specific layer thickness.

Download or read book Phase formation in multicomponent films based on 3d transition metals written by Smita Gangaprasad Rao and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2021-03-18 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The need for materials that enhance life span, performance, and sustainability has propelled research in alloy design from binary alloys to more complex systems such as multicomponent alloys. The CoCrFeMnNi alloy, more commonly known as the Cantor alloy, is one of the most studied systems in bulk as well as thin film. The addition of light elements such as boron, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen is a means to alter the properties of these materials. The challenge lies in understanding the process of phase formation and microstructure evolution on addition of these light elements. To address this challenge, I investigate multicomponent alloys based on a simplified version of the Cantor alloy. My thesis investigates the addition of nitrogen into a Cantor variant system as a step towards understanding the full Cantor alloy. Me1-yNy (Me = Cr + Fe + Co, 0.14 ≤ y ≤0.28 thin films were grown by reactive magnetron sputtering. The films showed a change in structure from fcc to mixed fcc+bcc and finally a bcc-dominant film with increasing nitrogen content. The change in phase and microstructure influenced the mechanical and electrical properties of the films. A maximum hardness of 11 ± 0.7 GPa and lowest electrical resistivity of 28 ± 5 μΩcm were recorded in the film with mixed phase (fcc+bcc) crystal structure. Copper was added as a fourth metallic alloying element into the film with the mixed fcc + bcc structure, resulting in stabilization of the bcc phase even though Cu has been reported to be a fcc stabilizer. The energy brought to the substrate increases on Cu addition which promotes surface diffusion of the ions and leads to small but randomly oriented grains. The maximum hardness recorded by nanoindentation was found to be 13.7 ± 0.2 GPa for the sample Cu0.05. While it is generally believed that large amounts of Cu can be detrimental to thin film properties due to segregation, this study shows that small amounts of Cu in the multicomponent matrix could be beneficial in stabilizing phases as well as for mechanical properties. This thesis thus provides insights into the phase formation of nitrogen-containing multicomponent alloys.

Download or read book Polymer Science A Comprehensive Reference written by and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2012-12-05 with total page 7752 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The progress in polymer science is revealed in the chapters of Polymer Science: A Comprehensive Reference, Ten Volume Set. In Volume 1, this is reflected in the improved understanding of the properties of polymers in solution, in bulk and in confined situations such as in thin films. Volume 2 addresses new characterization techniques, such as high resolution optical microscopy, scanning probe microscopy and other procedures for surface and interface characterization. Volume 3 presents the great progress achieved in precise synthetic polymerization techniques for vinyl monomers to control macromolecular architecture: the development of metallocene and post-metallocene catalysis for olefin polymerization, new ionic polymerization procedures, and atom transfer radical polymerization, nitroxide mediated polymerization, and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer systems as the most often used controlled/living radical polymerization methods. Volume 4 is devoted to kinetics, mechanisms and applications of ring opening polymerization of heterocyclic monomers and cycloolefins (ROMP), as well as to various less common polymerization techniques. Polycondensation and non-chain polymerizations, including dendrimer synthesis and various "click" procedures, are covered in Volume 5. Volume 6 focuses on several aspects of controlled macromolecular architectures and soft nano-objects including hybrids and bioconjugates. Many of the achievements would have not been possible without new characterization techniques like AFM that allowed direct imaging of single molecules and nano-objects with a precision available only recently. An entirely new aspect in polymer science is based on the combination of bottom-up methods such as polymer synthesis and molecularly programmed self-assembly with top-down structuring such as lithography and surface templating, as presented in Volume 7. It encompasses polymer and nanoparticle assembly in bulk and under confined conditions or influenced by an external field, including thin films, inorganic-organic hybrids, or nanofibers. Volume 8 expands these concepts focusing on applications in advanced technologies, e.g. in electronic industry and centers on combination with top down approach and functional properties like conductivity. Another type of functionality that is of rapidly increasing importance in polymer science is introduced in volume 9. It deals with various aspects of polymers in biology and medicine, including the response of living cells and tissue to the contact with biofunctional particles and surfaces. The last volume is devoted to the scope and potential provided by environmentally benign and green polymers, as well as energy-related polymers. They discuss new technologies needed for a sustainable economy in our world of limited resources. Provides broad and in-depth coverage of all aspects of polymer science from synthesis/polymerization, properties, and characterization methods and techniques to nanostructures, sustainability and energy, and biomedical uses of polymers Provides a definitive source for those entering or researching in this area by integrating the multidisciplinary aspects of the science into one unique, up-to-date reference work Electronic version has complete cross-referencing and multi-media components Volume editors are world experts in their field (including a Nobel Prize winner)

Download or read book Functional Thin Films Technology written by Sam Zhang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-08-08 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Functional Thin Films Technology features the functional aspects of thin films, such as their application in solar selective absorbers, fiber lasers, solid oxide fuel cells, piezo-related areas, catalysts, superhydrophobicity, semiconductors, and trace pesticides detection. It highlights developments and advances in the preparation, characterization, and applications of functional micro-/nano-scaled films and coatings. This book Presents technologies aimed at functionality used in nanoelectronics, solar selective absorbers, solid oxide fuel cells, piezo-applications, and sensors Covers absorbers, catalysts, anodic aluminum oxide, superhydrophobics, and semiconductor devices Features a chapter on transport phenomena associated to structures Discusses transport phenomena and material informatics This second volume in the two-volume set, Protective Thin Coatings and Functional Thin Films Technology, will benefit industry professionals and researchers working in areas related to semiconductors, optoelectronics, plasma technology, solid-state energy storages, and 5G, as well as advanced students studying electrical, mechanical, chemical, and materials engineering.

Download or read book Stress and Phase Transformations in PZT Thin Films written by Maxim B. Kelman and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: