Download or read book Structure and Modeling of Complex Petroleum Mixtures written by Chunming Xu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-14 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical structure and bonding. The scope of the series spans the entire Periodic Table and addresses structure and bonding issues associated with all of the elements. It also focuses attention on new and developing areas of modern structural and theoretical chemistry such as nanostructures, molecular electronics, designed molecular solids, surfaces, metal clusters and supramolecular structures. Physical and spectroscopic techniques used to determine, examine and model structures fall within the purview of Structure and Bonding to the extent that the focus is on the scientific results obtained and not on specialist information concerning the techniques themselves. Issues associated with the development of bonding models and generalizations that illuminate the reactivity pathways and rates of chemical processes are also relevant. The individual volumes in the series are thematic. The goal of each volume is to give the reader, whether at a university or in industry, a comprehensive overview of an area where new insights are emerging that are of interest to a larger scientific audience.
Download or read book Chemical Reactions in Complex Mixtures written by Ajit V. Sapre and published by Springer. This book was released on 1991-07-25 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years there has been a convergence of trends in chemical reaction engineering and chemistry which have set the stage for significant advances in kinetic and thermodynamic modeling of processes. New analytical chem istry methods, new mathematical methods, and new computational tools facilitate a more fundamental approach and a deeper understanding of chemical reactions in complex mixtures with very large numbers of com pounds, such as petroleum fractions. This fortunate state of affairs has stimulated important new work both in academia and industrial research labs. The purpose of the workshop that led to this book was to bring together researchers at the forefront ofthis field to review the state of the art, stimulate communication and cooperation between industry and academia, and develop a cohesive picture of research trends and future directions. The chapters of the book have been organized into four main areas: • Continuous mixtures, where the very large numbers of discrete com pounds present are regarded as making up a continuum, • Structure-activity relationships, where the nature and rates of the reac tions that a particular molecule undergoes are correlated with its chemical structure, thus allowing the kinetics of very large numbers of compounds to be described by a few parameters, • Kinetic analysis, where mathematical techniques are applied to analyze the behavior of kinetic networks, and • Thermodynamics, emphasizing the practical and computational aspects of chemical equilibrium in complex mixtures.
Download or read book Mathematical Modeling of Complex Reaction Systems in the Oil and Gas Industry written by Jorge Ancheyta and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-07-25 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master the fundamentals of reaction systems modeling for the age of decarbonization Reactor design is one of the most important parts of the oil and gas industry, with reactor processes and the accompanying technologies constantly evolving to meet industry needs. A crucial component of effective reactor design is modelling complex reaction systems, which can help predict commercial performance, shape safety procedures, and more. At a time when decarbonization and clean energy transition are among the fundamental global technological challenges, it has never been more important for engineers to grasp the cutting edge of reaction system modelling. Mathematical Modeling of Complex Reaction Systems in the Oil and Gas Industry provides a systematic introduction to this timely subject. Each chapter provides a step-by-step description of the kinetic and reactor models for a particular kind of process and its accompanying systems. Backed by voluminous experimental data and incorporating extensive simulation results, the book constitutes an indispensable contribution to the global search for clean energy solutions. Mathematical Modeling of Complex Reaction Systems in the Oil and Gas Industry readers will also find: All the required tools for developing new reactor models for different reaction scales Detailed discussion of topics including hydrocracking of heavy oils, catalyst deactivation, oxidative regeneration of catalysts, and many more Extensive treatment of both steady-state and dynamic simulations Mathematical Modeling of Complex Reaction Systems in the Oil and Gas Industry is ideal for chemical and process engineers, computational chemists and modelers, catalysis researchers, and any other researchers or professionals in petrochemical engineering and the oil and gas industry.
Download or read book Crude Oil Fouling written by Francesco Coletti and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2014-11-20 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With production from unconventional rigs continuing to escalate and refineries grappling with the challenges of shale and heavier oil feedstocks, petroleum engineers and refinery managers must ensure that equipment used with today's crude oil is protected from fouling deposits Crude Oil Fouling addresses this overarching challenge for the petroleum community with clear explanations on what causes fouling, current models and new approaches to evaluate and study the formation of deposits, and how today's models could be applied from lab experiment to onsite field usability for not just the refinery, but for the rig, platform, or pipeline. Crude Oil Fouling is a must-have reference for every petroleum engineer's library that gives the basic framework needed to analyze, model, and integrate the best fouling strategies and operations for crude oil systems. - Defines the most critical variables and events that cause fouling - Explains the consequences of fouling and its impact on operations, safety, and economics - Provides the technical models available to better predict and eliminate the potential for fouling in any crude system
Download or read book Oil in the Sea III written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-03-14 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the early 1970s, experts have recognized that petroleum pollutants were being discharged in marine waters worldwide, from oil spills, vessel operations, and land-based sources. Public attention to oil spills has forced improvements. Still, a considerable amount of oil is discharged yearly into sensitive coastal environments. Oil in the Sea provides the best available estimate of oil pollutant discharge into marine waters, including an evaluation of the methods for assessing petroleum load and a discussion about the concerns these loads represent. Featuring close-up looks at the Exxon Valdez spill and other notable events, the book identifies important research questions and makes recommendations for better analysis ofâ€"and more effective measures againstâ€"pollutant discharge. The book discusses: Inputâ€"where the discharges come from, including the role of two-stroke engines used on recreational craft. Behavior or fateâ€"how oil is affected by processes such as evaporation as it moves through the marine environment. Effectsâ€"what we know about the effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on marine organisms and ecosystems. Providing a needed update on a problem of international importance, this book will be of interest to energy policy makers, industry officials and managers, engineers and researchers, and advocates for the marine environment.
Download or read book Environmental Health Perspectives written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 1724 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Compositional and Kinetic Modeling of Bio oil from Fast Pyrolysis from Lignocellulosic Biomass written by Ana Rita Costa da Cruz and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fast pyrolysis is one of the thermochemical conversion routes that enable the transformation of solid lignocellulosic biomass into liquid bio-oils. These complex mixtures are different from oil fractions and cannot be directly integrated into existing petroleum upgrading facilities. Indeed, because of their high levels of oxygen compounds, bio-oils require a dedicated pre-refining step, such as hydrotreating, to remove these components.The aim of the present work is to understand the structure, composition and reactivity of bio-oil compounds through modeling of experimental data. To understand the structure and composition, molecular reconstruction techniques, based on analytical data, were applied generating a synthetic mixture, whose properties are consistent with the mixture properties. To understand the reactivity, the hydrotreating of two model molecules was studied: Guaiacol and Furfural. A deterministic and stochastic model were created for each compounds. The deterministic approach intended to retrieve a range of kinetic parameters, later on refined by the stochastic simulation approach into a new model. This approach generates an reaction network by defining and using a limited number of reaction classes and reaction rules. To consolidate the work, the synthetic mixture was used in the stochastic simulation of the hydrotreating of bio-oils, supported by the kinetics of the model compounds.In sum, the present work was able to recreate the light fraction of bio-oil and simulate the hydrotreating of bio-oils, via the kinetic parameters of model compounds, which can reasonably predict the effluents of the hydrotreating of these, but are unsuitable for bio-oil.Fast pyrolysis is one of the thermochemical conversion routes that enable the transformation of solid lignocellulosic biomass into liquid bio-oils. These complex mixtures are different from oil fractions and cannot be directly integrated into existing petroleum upgrading facilities. Indeed, because of their high levels of oxygen compounds, bio-oils require a dedicated pre-refining step, such as hydrotreating, to remove these components.The aim of the present work is to understand the structure, composition and reactivity of bio-oil compounds through modeling of experimental data. To understand the structure and composition, molecular reconstruction techniques, based on analytical data, were applied generating a synthetic mixture, whose properties are consistent with the mixture properties. To understand the reactivity, the hydrotreating of two model molecules was studied: Guaiacol and Furfural. A deterministic and stochastic model were created for each compounds. The deterministic approach intended to retrieve a range of kinetic parameters, later on refined by the stochastic simulation approach into a new model. This approach generates an reaction network by defining and using a limited number of reaction classes and reaction rules. To consolidate the work, the synthetic mixture was used in the stochastic simulation of the hydrotreating of bio-oils, supported by the kinetics of the model compounds.In sum, the present work was able to recreate the light fraction of bio-oil and simulate the hydrotreating of bio-oils, via the kinetic parameters of model compounds, which can reasonably predict the effluents of the hydrotreating of these, but are unsuitable for bio-oil.
Download or read book Petroleum Refinery Process Modeling written by Y. A. Liu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-06-05 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive review of the theory and practice of the simulation and optimization of the petroleum refining processes Petroleum Refinery Process Modeling offers a thorough review of how to quantitatively model key refinery reaction and fractionation processes. The text introduces the basics of dealing with the thermodynamics and physical property predictions of hydrocarbon components in the context of process modeling. The authors - three experts on the topic - outline the procedures and include the key data required for building reaction and fractionation models with commercial software. The text shows how to filter through the extensive data available at the refinery and using plant data to begin calibrating available models and extend the models to include key fractionation sub-models. It provides a sound and informed basis to understand and exploit plant phenomena to improve yield, consistency, and performance. In addition, the authors offer information on applying models in an overall refinery context through refinery planning based on linear programming. This important resource: -Offers the basic information of thermodynamics and physical property predictions of hydrocarbon components in the context of process modeling -Uses the key concepts of fractionation lumps and physical properties to develop detailed models and workflows for atmospheric (CDU) and vacuum (VDU) distillation units -Discusses modeling FCC, catalytic reforming and hydroprocessing units Written for chemical engineers, process engineers, and engineers for measurement and control, this resource explores the advanced simulation tools and techniques that are available to support experienced and aid new operators and engineers.
Download or read book Modeling of Processes and Reactors for Upgrading of Heavy Petroleum written by Jorge Ancheyta and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-01-29 with total page 551 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The worldwide petroleum industry is facing a dilemma: the production level of heavy petroleum is higher than that of light petroleum. Heavy crude oils possess high amounts of impurities (sulfur, nitrogen, metals, and asphaltenes), as well as a high yield of residue with consequent low production of valuable distillates (gasoline and diesel). These
Download or read book Molecular Modeling in Heavy Hydrocarbon Conversions written by Michael T. Klein and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-09-28 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past two decades, new modeling efforts have gradually incorporated more molecular and structural detail in response to environmental and technical interests. Molecular Modeling in Heavy Hydrocarbon Conversions introduces a systematic molecule-based modeling approach with a system of chemical engineering software tools that can automate the e
Download or read book Asphaltenes and Asphalts 2 written by T.F. Yen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000-08-16 with total page 645 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the second volume in the series of Asphaltenes and Asphalts. Since the publication of the first volume in 1994, there has been a significant advancement in our knowledge. Knowledge of both asphaltenes and asphalts is needed by several disciplines, and often the progress is dictated by interdisciplinary sciences and technology. This includes material sciences, fuel sciences, chemical engineering, civil engineering, environmental engineering, polymer sciences, transportation engineering, petroleum engineering, chemistry, geological sciences, physics, geochemistry rheology, biological sciences, tribology, soil sciences, petroleum science. The development in this field is not based on our knowledge of chemistry or petroleum engineering alone, as many chemists and petroleum engineers believe. In this volume, therefore, significant contributions from different disciplines have been included.
Download or read book Kinetic and Thermodynamic Lumping of Multicomponent Mixtures written by G. Astarita and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Information necessary to solve scientific or engineering problems is often so vast, that the need arises to lump information together into a more manageable subset in order to proceed. The idea of lumping is one which is used, more or less consciously, in a large variety of fields. The thermodynamics and kinetic behavior of multicomponent mixtures is an area where the requirements of lumping have been clearly identified and the techniques and results of lumping have been analyzed in considerable detail. This book comprises the proceedings of a Symposium on Kinetic and Thermodynamic Lumping of Multicomponent Mixtures which was held at the American Chemical Society Meeting in Atlanta, GA, in April 1991. Papers presented at the symposium consisted of both invited and contributed papers. Each invited paper was a review of a subfield within the landscape of the symposium while the contributed papers contain detailed analyses of specific problems. The symposium brought together active researchers in this field to report on and discuss the progress which has been made in the lumping of mixtures of very many components for a number of different applications, and to identify the important problem areas which still remain. This volume will serve both as an introduction to anyone entering the field, and as a reference work for more experienced researchers.
Download or read book Toxicology of Fishes written by Kristine L. Willett and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-03-07 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This up-to-date, comprehensive toxicology handbook is devoted to the effects of environmental pollution on fish. Fish species represent nearly half of all vertebrates and have become important sentinels for environmental contamination and model organisms for understanding adverse outcomes from exposures. This new edition is written by recognized experts, and it highlights the significant research progress in fish toxicology that has resulted from rapid technological developments in analytical, biochemical, and genomic sciences. The book: Discusses fundamental topics such as toxicokinetics in fishes, processes governing biotransformation within these organisms, and reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress Explains key target organ systems for chemical impacts in fish, such as the nervous and immune systems, and how fishes can develop resistance to chemical toxicity Covers multi-transgenerational effects on fishes, epigenetics, proteomics and metabolomics, and adverse outcome pathways Replacing the case studies in the first edition, this update delves into the impacts of microplastics, pharmaceuticals, and oil spills in dedicated final chapters. With nearly 200 illustrations and tables, this comprehensive reference work presents concepts in a way that is useful for both novices to and experts in the field of fish toxicology.
Download or read book The Chemistry of Oil and Petroleum Products written by Merv Fingas and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2022-06-06 with total page 697 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is devoted to the chemistry of oil and petroleum products and covers the broad range of topics from heavy fuel oils, crude oils and (diluted) bitumen to today‘s research on asphaltenes. Recent methods are summarized and the large new groups of chemicals found in oils are identifi ed as well as described. The work points the way for a more complete understanding of the composition of petroleum. Highlights include: An update on oil fi ngerprinting New data using Fourier transform mass spectrometry, forensic tools for naphthenic acid fraction compounds in oil sand environmental samples Data on vanadium and nickel content changes in the resins of heavy oils, characteristics of their structural and group composition, and the content of heteroatomic (N, S, O) compounds Study of asphaltenes using direct molecular imaging employing atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) confi rming early findings of the dominance of the ‘island’ molecular structure An update on the Yen-Mullins model of asphaltenes in reservoirs giving the requisite solution to the asphaltene particle size, thus resolving the gravity term for thermodynamic modeling. A modifi ed polymer solution theory, the Flory-Huggins-Zuo (FHZ) EoS, is provided to model asphaltene gradients in reservoirs. A suite of oils from the Tarim Basin, Qaidam Basin, Ordos Basin, and Liaohe Basin, China is characterized geochemically to clarify factors that can affect the concentrations and distributions of pyrrolic nitrogen compounds (PNCs) in crude oils. An update on biomarkers in crude oils Updates on mass spectrometry techniques applicable to crude oils
Download or read book Analysis of Complex Hydrocarbon Mixtures written by Slavoj Hála and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biological Concepts and Techniques in Toxicology written by Jim E. Riviere and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-03-06 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Highlighting the latest advances in molecular biology, mathematical modeling, quantitative risk assessment, and biopharmaceutical development, this reference presents how current scientific applications and methods impact and revolutionize mainstream toxicological research. Presenting findings from disciplines that will impact the future of toxicol
Download or read book Strategies to Protect the Health of Deployed U S Forces written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-03-17 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Risk management is especially important for military forces deployed in hostile and/or chemically contaminated environments, and on-line or rapid turn-around capabilities for assessing exposures can create viable options for preventing or minimizing incapaciting exposures or latent disease or disability in the years after the deployment. With military support for the development, testing, and validation of state-of-the-art personal and area sensors, telecommunications, and data management resources, the DOD can enhance its capabilities for meeting its novel and challenging tasks and create technologies that will find widespread civilian uses. Strategies to Protect the Health of Deployed U.S. Forces assesses currently available options and technologies for productive pre-deployment environmental surveillance, exposure surveillance during deployments, and retrospective exposure surveillance post-deployment. This report also considers some opportunities for technological and operational advancements in technology for more effective exposure surveillance and effects management options for force deployments in future years.
