Download or read book Structure and Mechanical Properties of Aluminosilicate Glasses written by Thilo Grammes and published by . This book was released on 2020* with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effect of phosphate on the mechanical properties of aluminosilicate glasses so far has barely been studied. Yet, phosphate incorporation bears potential for changing the polymerisation of aluminosilicate glasses and thus their properties. This thesis presents the first detailed mechanical analysis of phospho-aluminosilicate glasses that includes elastic properties. The studied compositions comprised metaluminous glasses from the system SiO2 - Al2O3 - Na2O - P2O5 with 0 to 7.5 mol% P2O5 and 50 to 70 mol% SiO2. The glass hardness and elastic properties were assessed by several techniques of indentation and sound speed measurement and were found to decrease with increasing P2O5 content. Changes of these properties with increasing SiO2 content were less expressed and could be explained by either density changes or polymerisation. Additionally, the densification upon indentation was studied, as well as crack resistance and strain rate sensitivity. Furthermore, phosphate was found to decrease the glass transition temperature and to impede crystallisation. To tailor glass properties, the structure-property relationships need to be understood. This thesis includes a structural analysis by combined infrared and Raman spectroscopy. A far-infrared analysis of the sodium signal indicated a competition between aluminate and phosphate groups for charge-balancing sodium. Also, a correlation was found between shifts in infrared and Raman spectra and the degree of ionic bonding, represented by the theoretical optical basicity. In summary, the mechanical properties and the structure-property relationships of metaluminous phospho-aluminosilicate glasses were characterised and the analysis of the degree of ionic bonding and of the role of sodium provided new structural insights.
Download or read book RELAXATION BEHAVIOR AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ALUMINOSILICATE GLASSES written by and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Processing Structure Property Relations In Phase Separated Calcium Aluminosilicate Glasses written by Nicholas Lamar Clark and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanoscale phase separation is currently being investigated as a method control the mechanical properties of glasses without compromising its transparency. For this approach to be successful, comprehensive relationships between processing and microstructure, and microstructure and hardness will be needed. The first stage of this dissertation examines the evolution of the microstructure of phase separated CAS glasses in response to thermal treatment. The microstructures are analyzed via image analysis of FESEM micrographs, and the results were used to characterize the droplet coarsening mechanisms. This information was then used to synthesize glasses with specific microstructure characteristics. Vickers indentation was used to measure the indentation hardness. The microstructure within the indents were then image and analyzed to study and characterize the mechanisms of microstructure yielding. Variations in glass hardness due to phase separation were found to arise from a combination of the yielding mechanisms and phase compositions of the microstructure. Finally, a simple model was developed which allowed for transitions between microstructure yielding mechanisms to be predicted from the initial microstructure as a function of load.
Download or read book Handbook of Glass Properties written by Narottam P. Bansal and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 691 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a compilation of data on the properties of glasses. The authors have critically examined and correlated the most reliable data on the properties of multicomponent commercial silicate glasses, vitreous silica, and binary and ternary laboratory glasses. Thermodynamic, thermal, mechanical, electrical, and transport properties are covered. Measurement methods and appropriate theories are also discussed.
Download or read book Silicate Glasses and Melts written by Bjorn Mysen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-11-27 with total page 722 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Silicate Glasses and Melts, Second Edition describes the structure-property-composition relationships for silicate glasses and melts from a geological and industrial perspective. Updated sections include (i) characterization of silicate melt and COHN fluid structure (with and without dissolved silicate components) with pressure, temperature, and redox conditions and responses of structural variables to chemical composition, (ii) determination of solubility and solution mechanisms of COHN volatiles in silicate melts and minerals and of solubility and solution mechanisms of silicate components in COHN fluids, and (iii) effects of very high pressure on structure and properties of melts and glasses. This new book is an essential resource for researchers in a number of fields, including geology, geophysics, geoscience, volcanology, material science, glass science, petrology and mineralogy. - Brings together multidisciplinary research scattered across the scientific literature into one reference, with a focus on silicate melts and their application to natural systems - Emphasizes linking melt properties to melt structure - Includes a discussion of the pros and cons of the use of glass as a proxy for melt structure and properties - Written by highly regarded experts in the field who, among other honors, were the 2006 recipients of the prestigious G.W. Morey award of the American Ceramic Society
Download or read book Composition and Temperature Effects on Aluminoborosilicate Glasses Structure and Properties written by Jingshi Wu and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2011 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This works studies the effects of compositional and temperature variations on the structure and properties of aluminoborosilicate glasses. Two groups of aluminoborosilicate glasses, one that has lower boron content and another that has higher boron content, have been studied. The structural changes were mainly observed with high-field B-11, Al-27 and Na-23 magic angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. In these glasses, boron is either three-coordinate (BO3) or four-coordinate (BO4); aluminum exists predominately as four-coordinate species, but there is a small amount of five-coordinate aluminum ([5]Al). The compositional study focused on the effect of the cation field strength of the network modifiers on the glass structure by varying the ratio of the two network modifiers, CaO and Na2O. Increasing the ratio of CaO to Na2O dramatically lowers the fraction of four-coordinated boron (N4), increases [5]Al, and increases the fraction of non-bridging oxygens (NBO), which was calculated based on the boron and aluminum structural information. However, variations in these fractions are not linear with respect to the average cation field strength. Na-23 spectra reveal that the ratio of bridging to non-bridging oxygens in the coordination shell of Na+ increases with an increasing ratio of CaO to Na2O in Ca-rich glasses. These changes can be understood by the tendency of higher field strength modifier cations to facilitate the concentration of negative charges on NBO in their local coordination environment, systematically converting BO4 to BO3. The effect of temperature on the structure was studied by two ways: cooling the glass-forming melts at different rates to sample the glass structure at different fictive temperature, and using high-temperature in situ NMR. The abundances of BO3 and NBO increase with increasing fictive temperature, suggesting that the reaction BO4 [logical equivalence] BO3 + NBO shifts to the right with increasing temperature. The observed temperature dependence of the abundance of BO4 species allows us to estimate the enthalpy of reaction, [Delta]H, which is closely related to the amount of NBO in the glass. In situ high-T B-11 MAS NMR was used to observe chemical exchange between BO3 and BO4 species over the timescale of microseconds to seconds. The timescale of BO3/BO4 exchange from NMR data, [lowercase Tau](NMR), appears to be "decoupled" from that of the macroscopic shear relaxation process, [lowercase Tau](s), derived from the viscosity data; however, at higher temperatures, [lowercase Tau](s) approaches [lowercase Tau](NMR). The "decoupling" at lower temperature may be related to intermediate-range compositional heterogeneities, and /or fast modifier cation diffusivities, which trigger "unsuccessful" network exchange events.
Download or read book The Structure and Mechanical Properties of Inorganic Glasses written by Georgiĭ Mikhaĭlovich Bartenev and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fundamentals of Inorganic Glasses written by Arun K. Varshneya and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-05-09 with total page 756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamentals of Inorganic Glasses, Third Edition, is a comprehensive reference on the field of glass science and engineering that covers numerous, significant advances. This new edition includes the most recent advances in glass physics and chemistry, also discussing groundbreaking applications of glassy materials. It is suitable for upper level glass science courses and professional glass scientists and engineers at industrial and government labs. Fundamental concepts, chapter-ending problem sets, an emphasis on key ideas, and timely notes on suggested readings are all included. The book provides the breadth required of a comprehensive reference, offering coverage of the composition, structure and properties of inorganic glasses. - Clearly develops fundamental concepts and the basics of glass science and glass chemistry - Provides a comprehensive discussion of the composition, structure and properties of inorganic glasses - Features a discussion of the emerging applications of glass, including applications in energy, environment, pharmaceuticals, and more - Concludes chapters with problem sets and suggested readings to facilitate self-study
Download or read book Silicate Melts written by Sharon Webb and published by Springer. This book was released on 1997-07-17 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the experimental determination of the physical properties of silicate melts and magmas close to glass transition. Abundant new data are presented. The same type of measurement is performed on a range of melts to test the effect of composition on physical properties; and a range of different techniques are used to determine the same physical properties to illustrate the relationships between the relaxation of the melt structure and the relaxation of its physical properties. This book is of interest to experimental researchers in the discussion of data obtained from both a materials science and a geoscientific point of view.
Download or read book Surface Analysis of Silicate Glass in Understanding Mechanochemical Wear Process Corrosion Behavior and Vibrational Properties written by Hongshen Liu and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surface properties govern numerous performances of silicate glass, such as mechanical strength, chemical durability and optical properties. Soda lime silicate (SLS) is the key commodity glass material applied for architecture and decoration, automotive windshields, photovoltaic cover panels and so on. In these applications, glass surface defects made by physical contacts of foreign objects seriously compromise the practical strength or durability of glass products. Therefore, it is of significant importance to investigate the surface damage modes to prevent the defects formation and propagation, as well as develop comprehensive understanding of surface properties of silicate glass to optimize its practical performance. Surface damage induced by foreign contact can be generally investigated by two categories, by normal indentation and by tangential shear. Recently, it has been reported a peculiar humidity-dependent surface wear process of SLS glass induced by tangential shear. Specifically, soda lime silicate glass exhibited superior resistance to wear at high humidity in shear-induced tribological test. To enhance mechanical properties, SLS glass panels are often thermally tempered or chemically strengthened. The mechanical properties are improved by compressive stress formation on the glass surface during such processes. However, it was showed that the mechanically strengthened SLS glass demonstrated deteriorated resistance against mechanochemical wear in tribo-test performed at high humidity. To better understand the stress effect on mechanochemical wear behavior without introducing alteration of surface chemistry, stress was created by external force on soda lime silicate glass surface in this dissertation. Flexural bending was applied to generate tensile stress and compressive stress on SLS glass surface to understand their effect on mechanochemical wear behavior and other surface properties. It was found that compressive stress on the surface impaired the wear resistance behavior of SLS glass at high humidity while tensile stress did not alter the superior resistance to wear. In mechanical response, SLS glass formed with compressive stress was more susceptible to plastic deformation upon normal indentation while SLS with tensile stress stayed unaltered compared to stress-free SLS. Such increased tendency towards plastic deformation and mechanochemical wear at high humidity were proposed to be associated with greater Si-O bond strain in the silicate network induced by compressive stress. Moreover, the wear resistance behavior at high humidity of silicate glass is related with compositions of glass network. Previous work showed that such resistance to wear at high humidity was uniquely observed for soda lime silicate glass among many types of silicate glasses tested. In this dissertation, investigation was carried out to understand the composition effect, specifically effect of modifier contents in sodium calcium aluminosilicate (NCAS) glass series, on mechanochemical wear behavior. A series of sodium calcium aluminosilicate glass with various CaO to Na2O ratio were applied for this study. It was observed that the silicate glass comprising both sodium and calcium ions with sufficient content exhibited resistance to mechanochemical wear at high humidity. For silicate glass that has only sodium ion or calcium ion, the resistance to wear at high humidity was not observed. The result indicated that wear resistance behavior at high humidity was affected by mixed modifiers effect (MME) in silicate glass. Further, vibrational properties revealed by IR spectroscopy also demonstrated MME on the aspect of frequency of Si-O-Si stretching vibrational band. Upon aqueous corrosion, it was found that the resistance to aqueous corrosion was improved with increased calcium content in the glass system. The chemical durability of NCAS glass was investigated by both surface structure alteration and leached layer thickness, probed by IR spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. Intrinsically, mechanochemical wear process induced by tangential shear was related to chemical reaction between Si-O-Si bond in silicate network and hydrous species in ambient environment. It is important to investigate the dynamic interaction between silicate glass and hydrous species to contribute to the understanding of this complicated process. Mixed alkaline earth effect (MAEE) on chemical durability was investigated by a series of borosilicate glass with varied CaO to MgO ratio in the glass system. Borosilicate glasses comprising a variety of modifiers were widely used for pharmaceutical application. The understanding of dependence of chemical durability on mixed modifiers is vital to ensure safety usage in medicine storage and distribution. In this dissertation, a weak MAEE on chemical durability of borosilicate glass was demonstrated in terms of the thickness of the dissolution layer as well as the re-organization of surface structure. Moreover, chemical durability of silicate glass has a particularly crucial application on long-term storage of radioactive waste glass. In this dissertation, the initial surface state effect on aqueous corrosion was investigated by international simple glass (ISG), a boroaluminosilicate glass. The ISG was prepared separately as polished-only and polished-then-annealed before corrosion treatment. Only slight difference in surface elements was found of ISG prepared in two different approaches. However, such small difference led to large impacts on corrosion behavior under the mild corrosion condition, on silicate structure, hydrous species, surface elements and surface roughness. The effect was found less significant under the accelerated harsh corrosion condition. Moreover, the structural properties of silicate glass were commonly acquired by vibrational spectroscopies, such as infrared and Raman spectroscopies. A plethora of papers reporting variations in IR and Raman spectral features of silicate glass upon changes of glass compositions, thermal histories, mechanical stresses, and other surface treatments. However, the interpretations of such spectral features were often not clear and the fundamental physical principles in describing vibrational modes of amorphous glass networks were not well-established. In this dissertation, we demonstrated the investigation of vibrational features in correlation with structural parameters of sodium silicate glass with employing molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. One of the main findings was that the weighted average of position of asymmetric Si-O-Si stretch vibration in IR spectra is better correlated with averaged Si-O bond length in the glass network, rather than the bond angle of Si-O-Si, as sodium content varied in the silicate glass. Our study also raised concerns of previous vibrational assignments in relating the Si-O-Si stretching band with the Qn speciation and relating Si-O-Si bending band with (SiO)n rings of silicate glass in Raman spectra. The limitation of previous vibrational calculation was discussed and the new critical insights from the modern studies were described in correlating vibrational spectral features with structural parameters of silicate glass. Further, a systematic review of vibrational spectroscopies was performed of silica and silicate glass on the aspect of historic origins of currently widely-used spectral interpretation models, insights and limitations of those theoretical calculations and established models, and recent advances with computational approaches in understanding of vibrational spectral features of disordered networks.
Download or read book Proceedings of PP1594 Topological Engineering of Ultrastrong Glasses written by Lothar Wondraczek and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-02-25 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Predicting the Young s Modulus of Silicate Glasses by Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Machine Learning written by Kai Yang and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the compositional dependence of properties of silicate glass is critical to design novel glasses for various technology applications. With the development in molecular dynamics simulations and machine learning techniques, a combined and fully computational approach, which is able to reveal the relationship between glass composition and its mechanical properties, can be developed and served as a guide prior to experiments and manufacturing. On one hand, machine learning is a powerful tool to predict the properties based on the existing database. On the other hand, molecular dynamics simulation cannot only produce sufficient data points for machine learning models but also provide a detailed picture of the atomic structure of glasses. This atomic-scale knowledge from molecular dynamics simulation contains an intrinsic relationship between glass compositions and their mechanical properties. Here, we first use molecular dynamics simulation to generate the dataset for calcium aluminosilicate glasses and apply different machine learning models to predict their Young's modulus using glass compositions in Chapter 1. Next, we apply topological constraint theory to quantify the atomic structures of simulated glasses and use this knowledge to predict Young's modulus for calcium aluminosilicate glass family in Chapter 2. Last, in Chapter 3, we propose a fully analytical model to link the network topology with glass compositions.
Download or read book Split Hopkinson Kolsky Bar written by Weinong W. Chen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-11-11 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors systematically describe the general principles of Kolsky bars, or split Hopkinson bars, which are widely used for obtaining dynamic material properties. Modifications are introduced for obtaining reliable data. Specific experiment design guidelines are provided to subject the specimen to desired testing conditions. Detailed Kolsky-bar examples are given for different classes of materials (brittle, ductile, soft, etc) and for different loading conditions (tension, torsion, triaxial, high/low temperatures, intermediate strain rate, etc). The Kolsky bars used for dynamic structural characterization are briefly introduced. A collection of dynamic properties of various materials under various testing conditions is included which may serve as a reference database. This book assists both beginners and experienced professionals in characterizing high-rate material response with high quality and consistency. Readers who may benefit from this work include university students, instructors, R & D professionals, and scholars/engineers in solid mechanics, aerospace, civil and mechanical engineering, as well as materials science and engineering.
Download or read book She Structure and Mechanical Properties of Inorganic Glasses written by Georgij Michajlovič Bartenev and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Failure Studies of Glass Fibers written by Nathan P. Lower and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This dissertation is divided into six sections. The first section includes a review of the literature on the mechanical properties of glass, including glass strength. Section two describes a study of the effects of composition of calcium aluminoborosilicate glasses on the inert and room temperature two-point bending failure characteristics of glass fibers, including fatigue and aging effects. Sections three and four include studies of the effects of composition and structure of alkali silicate and aluminosilicate glasses on the inert two-point bending fiber failure properties. Section five describes the inert two- point bending failure results of sodium borate glass fibers. Section six includes a study of the effects of melting time and temperature (i.e. thermal history) on the resulting two- point bending failure properties of glass fibers produced from a variety of glass compositions. Throughout the course of this work, new experimental equipment and techniques were developed so that high quality failure measurements could be obtained. When glass melts were prepared to ensure homogeneity, the failure properties were shown to be sensitive to glass composition and structure and the reproducibility of the failure data was less than for a variety of different silicate glass compositions. Fibers have also been aged under controlled humidity and temperature conditions to characterize the effects of aging time on the failure strain. With the ability to produce and test high quality fiber, a new failure property of glass has been observed. Fibers tested under liquid nitrogen produce failure strains that depend on the testing rate of the two-point bending equipment. In the case of silica glass fibers, failure strain increases with increasing testing rate, an effect attributed to 'normal' inert fatigue behavior. However, some glasses, such as the high alkali silicates and soda lime silicates, show the opposite dependence of failure strain on testing rate, where slower testing rates produce greater failure strains (i.e. an "inert delayed failure effect"). With the ability to determine the intrinsic (flaw-free) failure properties of glass and the dependence of these properties on testing rate, a new insight to the understanding of glass failure and strength with relation to composition and structure may be possible"--Abstract, leaf iv
Download or read book Introduction to Glass Science and Technology written by James E Shelby and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2015-11-06 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a concise and inexpensive introduction for an undergraduate course in glass science and technology. The level of the book has deliberately been maintained at the introductory level to avoid confusion of the student by inclusion of more advanced material, and is unique in that its text is limited to the amount suitable for a one term course for students in materials science, ceramics or inorganic chemistry. The contents cover the fundamental topics of importance in glass science and technology, including glass formation, crystallization, phase separation and structure of glasses. Additional chapters discuss the most important properties of glasses, including discussion of physical, optical, electrical, chemical and mechanical properties. A final chapter provides an introduction to a number of methods used to form technical glasses, including glass sheet, bottles, insulation fibre, optical fibres and other common commercial products. In addition, the book contains discussion of the effects of phase separation and crystallization on the properties of glasses, which is neglected in other texts. Although intended primarily as a textbook, Introduction to Glass Science and Technology will also be invaluable to the engineer or scientist who desires more knowledge regarding the formation, properties and production of glass.
Download or read book Mechanical Properties and Performance of Engineering Ceramics and Composites IV Volume 30 Issue 2 written by Dileep Singh and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-12-15 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gain insight into the mechanical properties and performance of engineering ceramics and composites. This collection of articles illustrates the Mechanical Behavior and Performance of Ceramics & Composites symposium, which included over 100 presentations representing 10 countries. The symposium addressed the cutting-edge topics on mechanical properties and reliability of ceramics and composites and their correlations to processing, microstructure, and environmental effects.
