Download or read book Structural Heterogeneity in Ecm and Its Effect on Cell Mechanosensing written by Maria Proestaki and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides structural support to tissues, while exerting biochemical and mechanical signals to resident cells. Such mechanical signals, the most familiar being matrix stiffness, regulate cell morphology, differentiation, migration, proliferation and gene expression. Therefore, studying the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix is crucial to understanding cell behavior. With collagen type I being the most abundant protein found in mammalian tissues, prior works have studied its mechanical properties at the macroscale and reported a strong deviation from linear elasticity, exhibiting strain stiffening and compression weakening behavior. However, to better understand cell-matrix interactions more information about the matrix at the length scale of a cell is needed. Here we design an experimental method to quantify matrix stiffness at the length scale of a cell while accounting for matrix nonlinearity. We use spherical particles made of an active hydrogel that contract when heated, mimicking cell contraction. Results showed that the matrix stiffness is highly heterogeneous at the length scale of a cell, with values ranging by a factor of 3. Next, we examine the effect of matrix heterogeneity in structure on cell ability to sense other stiffer inclusions in the matrix, such as ducts, tumors or regions of abnormally high stiffness. Using a combination of experiments and modeling, we determine the extent to which matrix heterogeneity disrupts cell sensing of a locally stiff feature in the matrix. We found that the propagation of mechanical cues through the matrix depends on length scale, with single cells able to sense only the stiffness of the nearby fibers and multicellular structures, such as tumors, also sensing the stiffness of distant matrix features. Lastly, another matrix component, hyaluronic acid, is incorporated in our experiments to test its effect on fibrous collagen mechanics at the length scale of a cell. The addition of hyaluronic acid was found to make displacements in fibrous collagen to decay faster with distance from localized loads, closer to linear elasticity prediction, indicating a more linear matrix behavior with less compression softening. Also, collagen-hyaluronic acid matrices decrease the ability of fibrous collagen to hold permanent displacements, creating a more elastic matrix. By applying these findings to study matrix remodeling due to localized forces, we found that hyaluronic acid partially--but not fully--inhibited matrix remodeling. These results are evidence that there must be another mechanism for mechanical remodeling, which provides new experimental evidence supporting prior working showing that mechanical remodeling can be described by a phase transition associated with instability caused by compression softening. Overall, the findings of this thesis highlight the importance of length scale when trying to understand cell-matrix interactions. Small changes in local matrix structure can result in different behavior of neighboring cells, highlighting the importance of local matrix mechanics in understanding cell behavior in normal or diseased tissues.
Download or read book Connective Tissue and Its Heritable Disorders written by Peter M. Royce and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-04-14 with total page 1201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Second Edition of Connective Tissue and Its Heritable Disorders: Molecular, Genetic, and Medical Aspects is the definitive reference text in its field, with over 40% more pages on the nature, diagnosis, and treatment of disease than its predecessor. Collecting new research on disorders detailed in the first edition as well as on those previously excluded, editors Peter Royce and Beat Steinmann provide the most up-to-date clinical and scientific information for medical specialists treating affected individuals. Features of this revised and updated volume include detailed reviews of the clinical diagnosis, mode of inheritance, risk of recurrence, and prenatal diagnosis of each inherited connective tissue disorder; a thorough description of the morphology of connective tissues; a completely updated and revised section on the biology of the extracellular matrix; and the addition of syndromes such as craniosyntosis, and disorders of sulfate metabolism.
Download or read book Second Harmonic Generation Imaging written by Francesco S. Pavone and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy has shown great promise for imaging live cells and tissues, with applications in basic science, medical research, and tissue engineering. Second Harmonic Generation Imaging offers a complete guide to this optical modality, from basic principles, instrumentation, methods, and image analysis to biomedical a
Download or read book Cell Extracellular Matrix Interactions in Cancer written by Roy Zent and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-01-23 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer was thought to originate from alterations in intercellular signaling that resulted in the transformation of cells, their uncontrolled proliferation and metastasis. There is now an increasing body of evidence demonstrating that the surrounding matrix and cell-matrix interactions are also major players in this process. Cells adhere and receive signals from various extracellular matrices via transmembrane receptors, the best known of which are the heterodimeric glycoproteins, integrins.
Download or read book Soft Matter for Biomedical Applications written by Dr Helena S Azevedo and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2021-06-11 with total page 788 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dynamic soft materials that have the ability to expand and contract, change stiffness, self-heal or dissolve in response to environmental changes, are of great interest in applications ranging from biosensing and drug delivery to soft robotics and tissue engineering. This book covers the state-of-the-art and current trends in the very active and exciting field of bioinspired soft matter, its fundamentals and comprehension from the structural-property point of view, as well as materials and cutting-edge technologies that enable their design, fabrication, advanced characterization and underpin their biomedical applications. The book contents are supported by illustrated examples, schemes, and figures, offering a comprehensive and thorough overview of key aspects of soft matter. The book will provide a trusted resource for undergraduate and graduate students and will extensively benefit researchers and professionals working across the fields of chemistry, biochemistry, polymer chemistry, materials science and engineering, nanosciences, nanotechnologies, nanomedicine, biomedical engineering and medical sciences.
Download or read book Extracellular Matrix in Development written by Douglas W. DeSimone and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-15 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cells in the developing embryo depend on signals from the extracellular environment to help guide their differentiation. An important mediator in this process is the extracellular matrix – secreted macromolecules that interact to form large protein networks outside the cell. During development, the extracellular matrix serves to separate adjacent cell groups, participates in establishing morphogenic gradients, and, through its ability to interact directly will cell-surface receptors, provides developmental clocks and positional information. This volume discusses how the extracellular matrix influences fundamental developmental processes and how model systems can be used to elucidate ECM function. The topics addressed range from how ECM influences early development as well as repair processes in the adult that recapitulate developmental pathways.
Download or read book Tissue Morphogenesis written by Celeste M. Nelson and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physics of Cancer written by Claudia Mierke and published by Iph001. This book was released on 2018-10-24 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This revised second edition is improved linguistically with multiple increases of the number of figures and the inclusion of several novel chapters such as actin filaments during matrix invasion, microtubuli during migration and matrix invasion, nuclear deformability during migration and matrix invasion, and the active role of the tumor stroma in regulating cell invasion.
Download or read book Tumor Organoids written by Shay Soker and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2017-10-20 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer cell biology research in general, and anti-cancer drug development specifically, still relies on standard cell culture techniques that place the cells in an unnatural environment. As a consequence, growing tumor cells in plastic dishes places a selective pressure that substantially alters their original molecular and phenotypic properties.The emerging field of regenerative medicine has developed bioengineered tissue platforms that can better mimic the structure and cellular heterogeneity of in vivo tissue, and are suitable for tumor bioengineering research. Microengineering technologies have resulted in advanced methods for creating and culturing 3-D human tissue. By encapsulating the respective cell type or combining several cell types to form tissues, these model organs can be viable for longer periods of time and are cultured to develop functional properties similar to native tissues. This approach recapitulates the dynamic role of cell–cell, cell–ECM, and mechanical interactions inside the tumor. Further incorporation of cells representative of the tumor stroma, such as endothelial cells (EC) and tumor fibroblasts, can mimic the in vivo tumor microenvironment. Collectively, bioengineered tumors create an important resource for the in vitro study of tumor growth in 3D including tumor biomechanics and the effects of anti-cancer drugs on 3D tumor tissue. These technologies have the potential to overcome current limitations to genetic and histological tumor classification and development of personalized therapies.
Download or read book Mechanotransduction written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-07-29 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science provides a forum for discussion of new discoveries, approaches, and ideas in molecular biology. It contains contributions from leaders in their fields and abundant references. Volume 126 features in-depth reviews that focus on the tools required to investigate mechanotransduction. Additional chapters focus on how we can use these tools to answer fundamental questions about the interaction of physical forces with cell biology, morphogenesis, and function of mature structures. Chapters in the volume are authored by a unique combination of cell biologists and engineers, providing a range of perspectives on mechanotransduction. Provides a unique combination of perspectives from biologists and engineers Engaging to people of many training backgrounds
Download or read book Introduction to Cell Mechanics and Mechanobiology written by Christopher R. Jacobs and published by Garland Science. This book was released on 2012-11-16 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to Cell Mechanics and Mechanobiology is designed for a one-semester course in the mechanics of the cell offered to advanced undergraduate and graduate students in biomedical engineering, bioengineering, and mechanical engineering. It teaches a quantitative understanding of the way cells detect, modify, and respond to the physical prope
Download or read book CELL GEOMETRY written by G. V. SHIVASHANKAR and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mechanosensitive Ion Channels Part B written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-09-21 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current Topics in Membranes provides a systematic, comprehensive, and rigorous approach to specific topics relevant to the study of cellular membranes. Each volume is a guest edited compendium of membrane biology. This series has been a mainstay for practicing scientists and students interested in this critical field of biology. Articles covered in the volume include ENaC Proteins in Vascular Smooth Muscle Mechanotransduction; Regulation of the Mechano-Gated K2P Channel TREK-1 by Membrane Phospholipids; MechanoTRPs and TRPA1; TRPC; The Cytoskeletal Connection to Ion Channels as a Potential Mechanosensory Mechanism. Lessons From Polycystin-2 (TRPP2); Lipid Stress at Play: Mechanosensitivity of Voltage-Gated Channels; Hair Cell Mechanotransduction: The Dynamic Interplay between Structure and Function; Pharmacology of Hair Cell MS Channels; Hair Cell Mechanotransduction; Models of Hair Cell Mechanotrasduction; Touch; Mechanosensitive Ion Channels in Dystrophic Muscle; Mechanotransduction in Endothelial Cells;MS Channels in Tumor Cell Migration; Mechanosensitive Channels in Regulating Smooth Muscle Contraction in the GI; Mechanosensitive Ion Channels in Blood-Pressure-Sensing Baroreceptor Neurons.
Download or read book Biomechanics in Oncology written by Cheng Dong and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-27 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers multi-scale biomechanics for oncology, ranging from cells and tissues to whole organ. Topics covered include, but not limited to, biomaterials in mechano-oncology, non-invasive imaging techniques, mechanical models of cell migration, cancer cell mechanics, and platelet-based drug delivery for cancer applications. This is an ideal book for graduate students, biomedical engineers, and researchers in the field of mechanobiology and oncology. This book also: Describes how mechanical properties of cancer cells, the extracellular matrix, tumor microenvironment and immuno-editing, and fluid flow dynamics contribute to tumor progression and the metastatic process Provides the latest research on non-invasive imaging, including traction force microscopy and brillouin confocal microscopy Includes insight into NCIs’ role in supporting biomechanics in oncology research Details how biomaterials in mechano-oncology can be used as a means to tune materials to study cancer
Download or read book Cell and Matrix Mechanics written by Roland Kaunas and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-10-23 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores a Range of Multiscale Biomechanics/Mechanobiology ConceptsCell and Matrix Mechanics presents cutting-edge research at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels in the field of cell mechanics. This book involves key experts in the field, and covers crucial areas of cell and tissue mechanics, with an emphasis on the roles of mechanical forc
Download or read book Stretch Intensity and the Inflammatory Response A Paradigm Shift written by Nikos C. Apostolopoulos and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-27 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this manuscript, practitioners and students who are concerned with sports and rehabilitation medicine, kinesiology, as well as coaches and athletes, are introduced to numerous concepts, including mechanotransduction, inflammation, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, calpains, the extracellular matrix, neutrophils and macrophages, and their relevance to stretching, particularly stretching intensity. Although the quantitative parameters of training, duration, and frequency are important, it is the qualitative criterion of intensity (“how much”) that the author suggests is ultimately of greater concern. Intensity, the rate and magnitude of force, may be responsible for the proper recovery, regeneration, and adaptation of the musculoskeletal tissues from training, competition, or rehabilitation from injuries. Research suggests that too much force results in the stimulation of an inflammatory response, one associated with a biochemical feedback emerging from a mechanical stimulus. The intent of this manuscript is twofold: to initiate the discussion of the importance of stretching intensity with regard to proper recovery, regeneration, and adaptation, and to suggest that researchers need to explore its potential role in addressing numerous inflammatory (RA) and non-inflammatory (OA, recurrent tendinitis etc.) musculoskeletal conditions as well.
Download or read book Forces in Biology Cell and Developmental Mechanobiology and Its Implications in Disease volume II written by Selwin K. Wu and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-01-05 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
