Download or read book Structural and Functional Brain Imaging in Autism Spectrum Disorders written by Yasemin Tas Torun and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Structural and Functional Brain Imaging in Autism Spectrum Disorders.

Download or read book Neuroimaging in Developmental Clinical Neuroscience written by Judith M. Rumsey and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-02-19 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern neuroimaging offers tremendous opportunities for gaining insights into normative development and a wide array of developmental neuropsychiatric disorders. Focusing on ontogeny, this text covers basic processes involved in both healthy and atypical maturation, and also addresses the range of neuroimaging techniques most widely used for studying children. This book will enable you to understand normative structural and functional brain maturation and the mechanisms underlying basic developmental processes; become familiar with current knowledge and hypotheses concerning the neural bases of developmental neuropsychiatric disorders; and learn about neuroimaging techniques, including their unique strengths and limitations. Coverage includes normal developmental processes, atypical processing in developmental neuropsychiatric disorders, ethical issues, neuroimaging techniques and their integration with psychopharmacologic and molecular genetic research approaches, and future directions. This comprehensive volume is an essential resource for neurologists, neuropsychologists, psychiatrists, pediatricians, and radiologists concerned with normal development and developmental neuropsychiatric disorders.

Download or read book Autism Spectrum Disorder written by Michael Fitzgerald and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2015-04-02 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book starts with a new sub category of Autism Criminal Autistic Psychopathy and school shootings. It focuses on a number of interventions, including speech and language pathology, speech and language assessment instruments, occupational therapy, improving functional language development in autism with natural gestures, communication boards etc as well as helping people with autism using the pictorial support, training of concepts of significant others, theory of mind, social concepts and a conceptual model for empowering families of children with autism cross culturally. It also examines the issue of hyperandrogenism and evidence-based treatments of autism. In terms of assessment, it focuses on psychological and biological assessment including neurotransmitters systems, structural and functional brain imaging, coping strategies of parents, examines the intertwining of language impairment, specific language impairment and ASD, as well as implicit and spontaneous Theory of Mind reading in ASD. In terms of aetiology, it focuses on genetic factors, epigenetics, synaptic vesicles, toxicity during neurodevelopment, immune system and sex differences. It also examines the link between social cognitive anatomical and neurophysiologic biomarkers and candidate genes. This book will be relevant to all mental health professionals because autism occurs in all the different areas of psychiatry and professionals who will find it helpful will be psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, nurses, teachers and all those working with persons with Autism including parents who nowadays are interested in knowing more and more, at a detailed level about their children or adults with autism.

Download or read book Brain Connectivity in Autism written by Rajesh K. Kana and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on 2014-09-23 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The brain's ability to process information crucially relies on connectivity. Understanding how the brain processes complex information and how such abilities are disrupted in individuals with neuropsychological disorders will require an improved understanding of brain connectivity. Autism is an intriguingly complex neurodevelopmental disorder with multidimensional symptoms and cognitive characteristics. A biological origin for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) had been proposed even in the earliest published accounts (Kanner, 1943; Asperger, 1944). Despite decades of research, a focal neurobiological marker for autism has been elusive. Nevertheless, disruptions in interregional and functional and anatomical connectivity have been a hallmark of neural functioning in ASD. Theoretical accounts of connectivity perceive ASD as a cognitive and neurobiological disorder associated with altered functioning of integrative circuitry. Neuroimaging studies have reported disruptions in functional connectivity (synchronization of activated brain areas) during cognitive tasks and during task-free resting states. While these insights are valuable, they do not address the time-lagged causality and directionality of such correlations. Despite the general promise of the connectivity account of ASD, inconsistencies and methodological differences among studies call for more thorough investigations. A comprehensive neurological account of ASD should incorporate functional, effective, and anatomical connectivity measures and test the diagnostic utility of such measures. In addition, questions pertaining to how cognitive and behavioral intervention can target connection abnormalities in ASD should be addressed. This research topic of the Frontiers in Human Neuroscience addresses “Brain Connectivity in Autism” primarily from cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging perspectives.

Download or read book Advanced Neuroimaging Methods for Studying Autism Disorder written by Alessandro Grecucci and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-11-16 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last twenty years, many attempts have been made to provide neurobiological models of autism. Functional, structural and connectivity analyses have highlighted reduced responses in key social areas, such as amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex, cingulate cortex, and superior temporal sulcus. However, these studies present discrepant results and some of them have been questioned for methodological limitations. The aim of this research topic is to present advanced neuroimaging methods able to capture the complexity of the neural deficits displayed in autism. This special issue presents new studies using structural and functional MRI, as well as magnetoencephalography, and novel protocols to analyze data (Analysis of Cluster Variability, Noise Reduction Strategies, Source-based Morphometry, Functional Connectivity Density, Restriction Spectrum Imaging and the others). We believe it is time to integrate data provided by different techniques and methodologies in order to have a better understanding of autism.

Download or read book Comprehensive Guide to Autism written by Vinood B. Patel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-10-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autism is a complex multifaceted disorder affecting neurodevelopment during the early years of life and, for many, throughout the life span. Inherent features include difficulties or deficits in communication, social interaction, cognition, and interpersonal behavioral coordination, to name just a few. Autism profoundly impacts the affected individual, the family, and, in many cases, the localized communities. The increased prevalence of childhood autism has resulted in rapid developments in a wide range of disciplines in recent years. Nevertheless, despite intensive research, the cause(s) remain unresolved and no single treatment strategy is employed. To address these issues, Comprehensive Guide to Autism is an all-embracing reference that offers analyses and discussions of contemporary issues in the field of autism. The work brings together scientific material from leading experts in the field relating to a wide range of important current topics, such as the early identification and treatment of children with autism, pertinent social and behavioral studies, recent developments in genetics and immunology, the influence of diet, models of autism, and future treatment prospects. Comprehensive Guide to Autism contains essential readings for behavioral science researchers, psychologists, physicians, social workers, parents, and caregivers.

Download or read book Autism Imaging and Devices written by Manuel F. Casanova and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-01-06 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers state-of-the-art medical image analysis approaches currently pursued in autism research. Chapters cover recent advances in diagnosis using structural neuroimaging. All aspects of imaging are included, such as electrophysiology (EEG, ERP, QEEG, and MEG), postmortem techniques, and advantages and difficulties of depositing/acquiring images in larger databases. The book incorporates 2D, 3D, and 4D imaging and advances scientific research within the broad field of autism imaging.

Download or read book The Development of Attention written by J.T. Enns and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1990-08-23 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents an up-to-date review of developmental aspects of human attention by leading researchers and theorists. The papers included in the first section consider the ways in which newborns are pretuned to visual, auditory, linguistic, and social features of their environment, as well as how selectivity to these features changes in the first year of life. The following section examines properties of the visual and auditory world that are attention-getting for children. Developmental increases in capacity and strategy are also examined in this section through the study of perception, memory, problem-solving and language. Section III explores several ways in which selective processing can fail in development (e.g. autism, hyperactivity, and psychopathy) while Section IV reports on those aspects of selectivity that are lost (and preserved) in the aging process.

Download or read book The Neuroimaging of Brain Diseases written by Christophe Habas and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-15 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Notable experts in the field of neuroimaging provide comprehensive overviews of advances in functional and structural aspects of both common and uncommon brain disorders. Functional imaging is evolving quickly but researchers and clinicians do not always have a strong understanding of the fundamental basis of the imaging techniques that they use. By focusing on both structure and function this book will provide a strong foundation for emerging developments in the field.

Download or read book X Marks the Spot written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Imaging the Brain in Autism written by Manuel F. Casanova and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-05-24 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Data compiled by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention indicates an alarming and continuing increase in the prevalence of autism. Despite intensive research during the last few decades, autism remains a behavioral defined syndrome wherein diagnostic criteria lack in construct validity. And, contrary to other conditions like diabetes and hypertension, there are no biomarkers for autism. However, new imaging methods are changing the way we think about autism, bringing us closer to a falsifiable definition for the condition, identifying affected individuals earlier in life, and recognizing different subtypes of autism. The imaging modalities discussed in this book emphasize the power of new technology to uncover important clues about the condition with the hope of developing effective interventions. Imaging the Brain in Autism was created to examine autism from a unique perspective that would emphasize results from different imaging technologies. These techniques show brain abnormalities in a significant percentage of patients, abnormalities that translate into aberrant functioning and significant clinical symptomatology. It is our hope that this newfound understanding will make the field work collaborative and provide a path that minimizes technical impediments.

Download or read book Cognitive Plasticity in Neurologic Disorders written by Joseph I. Tracy and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2014-12-02 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume makes clear that the cognitive and behavioural symptoms of neurologic disorders and syndromes are dynamic and changing. Each chapter describes the neuroplastic processes at work in a particular condition, giving rise to these ongoing cognitive changes.

Download or read book Brain Imaging in Behavioral Neuroscience written by Cameron S. Carter and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-11-04 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume highlights the remarkable new developments in brain imaging, including those that apply magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET), that allow us to non invasively study the living human brain in health and in disease. These technological advances have allowed us to obtain new and powerful insights into the structure and function of the healthy brain as it develops across the life cycle, as well as the molecular make up of brain systems and circuits as they develop and change with age. New brain imaging technologies have also given us new insights into the causes of many common brain disorders, including ADHD, schizophrenia, depression and Alzheimer’s disease, which collectively affect a large segment of the population. These new insights have major implications for understanding and treating these brain disorders, and are providing clinicians with the first ever set of biomarkers that can be used to guide diagnosis and monitor treatment effects. The advances in brain imaging over the last 20 years, summarized in this volume, represent a major advance in modern biomedical sciences.

Download or read book Structural and Functional Network Organization of the Brain written by David Grayson and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Substantial research effort is currently being directed at establishing the system of pathways that connect the functional regions of the normal human brain. At the same time, the past decade has seen an explosion of network science as a new methodology to study human brain structure and function. Despite the impressive scale of these efforts, the relationship between brain structure and brain function is still murky. It remains a difficult and crucial challenge to relate functional aberrations (e.g. changes in brain activity and/or behavior) seen in neuropsychiatric disorders to underlying changes in neuroanatomy. This dissertation aims to contribute new knowledge in this area through controlled experimental manipulations in animal models and through investigation of brain structural connectivity in people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Functional and structural connectivity data were obtained in these experiments via non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). First, the effects of focal perturbation were examined via pharmacogenetic inactivation of the amygdala in rhesus monkeys. Positive and negative downstream changes in functional connectivity (i.e. correlated activity between other regions) were examined via resting-state fMRI. These changes were shown to be partly predictable using a network-based analysis of experimentally established structural connectivity to simulate disconnection of the amygdala. The results of this study validated the use of a particular network metric of mutual communication, termed communicability, for predicting baseline functional connectivity measurements from structural connectivity networks and for simulating the effects of focal perturbation. Next, the long-term structural consequences of early focal damage were examined in adult rhesus monkeys that received amygdala lesions as neonates. These monkeys demonstrated permanent atrophy of areas typically well-connected with the amygdala and impaired communicability of temporal and orbitofrontal cortex. On the other hand, these animals exhibited an abnormally large middle cingulate cortex. The spatial distribution of altered gray matter morphometry bore meaningful overlap with the pattern of altered functional connectivity due to transient inactivation. Finally, alterations in communicability were examined within a large dataset of young children with and without ASD. There were significant network-level alterations in children with ASD relative to their typically developing peers. Within the cohort of children with ASD, there were effects of different biological variables such as 1) sex, 2) age, 3) sex-by-age interactions, and 4) having a disproportionately large brain relative to body size. Together, these experiments demonstrate that focal perturbations in brain structure result in distributed impacts on brain structure and function that are at least partly predictable using network analysis. Network metrics that are useful for predicting function from structure (i.e. communicability) are shown here to be valuable for assessing the neurophenotype of ASD and exploring clinical heterogeneity.

Download or read book Molecular Neuropathology written by Gareth W. Roberts and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1995-06-08 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides an introduction to the essential techniques required for studying the molecular biology of brain disease. The approaches and strategies for investigations of gene structure and regulation are described with reference to the molecular genetics of prion and Alzheimer's disease. The effects of aberrant gene regulation can also be examined at the protein level by immunocytochemistry and autoradiography. Improved understanding of basic biology has resulted in new approaches to animal models using transgenic techniques and new therapeutic approaches. The volume is structured to illustrate all these approaches and demonstrate the practice and promise of molecular neuropathology.

Download or read book Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Functional Brain Networks in Autism Spectrum Disorder written by Lisa Elena Mash and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a behaviorally diagnosed neurodevelopmental condition that is associated with atypical functional connectivity (FC). However, no consistent biomarkers have been identified. Most studies to date have focused on static FC, and relatively little is known about time-varying properties of FC. This three-paper dissertation aimed to better characterize brain networks in ASD by evaluating: 1) transient connectivity states, 2) BOLD lag structure, and 3) associations between hemodynamic and electrophysiological measures of brain function. Study 1 (Mash et al., 2019) used sliding window analysis to examine FC variability and describe transient connectivity in children and adolescents (ages 6-18) with ASD (n=62) and their typically developing (TD) peers (n=57). Across all regions, the ASD group showed FC overconnectivity and hypervariability, on average. Distinct patterns of FC group differences were found in two transient states, but not in static FC analyses. Study 2 (Mash, et al., under review) explored resting-state and task-related BOLD lag structure in adolescents and young adults (ages 12-21) with ASD (n=28) and typical development (n=22). Lag patterns did not significantly differ between groups, with common 'early' and 'late' regions emerging in both groups. However, lag structure was associated with both task condition and vascular supply, suggesting a combination of neural and vascular contributions to BOLD latency. Study 3 (Mash et al., 2020) characterized relationships between separately acquired resting-state fMRI and EEG activity in a sample of children and adolescents (ages 6-18) with ASD and typical development (EEG-only: n=36 per group; fMRI-only: n=66 ASD, 57 TD; EEG-fMRI: n=17 per group). Reduced EEG alpha power, increased BOLD activity in right temporal regions, and widespread thalamocortical BOLD overconnectivity were observed in the ASD group. Multilevel modeling (with brain regions nested within individuals) revealed mostly positive relationships between EEG alpha power and regional BOLD activity in typical development, which were not observed in ASD. Overall, findings suggest that in comparison to conventional static FC studies, dynamic and multimodal analyses reveal more complex FC and activity patterns that may distinguish ASD from typical development.

Download or read book Evolutionary Anatomy of the Primate Cerebral Cortex written by Dean Falk and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001-04-19 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Review of brain evolution in primates including humans.