Download or read book Structural and Functional Analysis of Chemokine Interactions with Glycosaminoglycans and Chemokine Receptors written by Catherina L. Salanga and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemokines are involved in cell migration and activation during routine immune surveillance, inflammation and even cancer metastasis. The migration of chemokine receptor-bearing cells, including leukocytes and tumor cells, occurs in response to the secretion of chemokines, which accumulate on cell surfaces through interaction with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) where they effectively serve as traffic signals to guide cell movement. Engagement of chemokines with their receptors subsequently causes the activation of signaling pathways that result in firm adhesion and extravasation of the cell into tissue, and in the case of leukocytes, activation of defense mechanisms. However, in cancer cells, the signaling pathways can be exploited or redirected, resulting in responses like survival, growth and proliferation. Herein, a structural and functional approach was used to address specific questions about the interactions of chemokines (i) with GAGs and (ii) with chemokine receptors in the context of cancer. Technically, the use of mass spectrometry has been a strong theme throughout these studies. In Chapter 2, a novel application of hydroxyl radical footprinting coupled with mass spectrometry was used to characterize the GAG binding specificity of the chemokine, MCP-3/CCL7. Potential GAG binding epitopes, identified by mass spectrometry, were then validated by mutagenesis and functional assays. In Chapter 3 and 4, a phosphoproteomic mass spectrometry strategy was used to elucidate CXCL12-mediated survival signaling through the receptor, CXCR4, in cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). While signaling cascades involved in chemokine-mediated migration are well established, pathways involved in cell survival and proliferation in cancer, are not. Methods developed for phosphopeptide enrichment, and subsequent analysis via mass spectrometry are described in Chapter 3, and interesting/novel phosphoproteins, potentially involved in CXCL12-mediated CLL survival are described in Chapter 4. In Chapter 5, a functional approach was taken to elucidate the roles of receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 in breast cancer growth and metastasis. The data show that CXCR7 affects the functional activity of CXCR4 in vitro, and decreases the extent of lung metastases in vivo, without inhibiting primary tumor growth. Overall, these studies serve to better understand some of the regulatory mechanisms that control chemokine function in normal physiology and in cancer.
Download or read book Structural and Functional Analysis of the Chemokine CCL27 and the Expression and Purification of Silent Chemokine Receptors D6 and DARC written by Ariane L. Jansma and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemokines are small chemoattractant proteins that function by binding to G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) on a wide variety of cell types, triggering cascades of intracellular signaling pathways. While they are best known for their role in leukocyte migration, both in standard immune surveillance and maintenance, as well as in response to inflammation, chemokines are involved in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes. In addition to their complex function, the chemokine network itself is highly complex, with some chemokines being specific to one receptor, while others activate multiple receptors expressed on different cell types and in some cases, resulting in very different cellular responses. This project in part involves the chemokine CCL27, which is expressed in skin and selectively chemoattracts CLA memory T cells expressing the chemokine receptor, CCR10. The first set of aims for this project involved a comprehensive analysis of the structural and functional mechanism contributing to the biological diversity of CCL27. This was accomplished through a biophysical characterization of the oligomerization properties, residues targeting receptor activation, as well as sites of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) interactions for this chemokine. The results suggest that CCL27 exists in multiple oligomeric states, and its unique oligomerization patterns appear to play a role in the diversity of its multiple binding partners. The second major project aim involves optimization of the expression and purification of the silent chemokine receptors D6 and the Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines (DARC). D6 and DARC are termed silent receptors because they bind many chemokines with high affinity and specificity, but unlike other chemokine receptors, they do not signal through G-proteins. Instead, they act as regulators, either by targeting their chemokine ligands for degradation, or by shuttling them from one location to another. One of the rate-limiting steps in the biophysical characterization of 7-transmembrane helical chemokine receptors is obtaining sufficient amounts of purified, functional protein. In this project, a tetracycline-indicuble mammalian cell expression system is applied to both D6 and DARC. Results from the initial test expressions and purifications indicate that this method was successful in generating solubilized receptor protein.
Download or read book Chemokine Glycosaminoglycan Interactions written by Alexandra R. Lucas and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-11-14 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This detailed volume provides methods to guide assay development, procedures designed to investigate the chemokine and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) networks, as well as their interactions, in a wide range of organs and tissues in disease and in health. The initial chapters in this book present in vivo models used to examine the roles of chemokines and GAGs in normal physiology and in the pathophysiology of disease. The book then explores present cell- and tissue-based in vitro assays to examine chemokine:GAG interactions. Finally, analytic approaches are presented that provide assays for measuring GAGs, chemokines, and cellular responses. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Chemokine-Glycosaminoglycan Interactions: Methods and Protocols serves as an ideal guide for researchers seeking to analyze chemokine and GAG functions, interactions, and molecular mechanisms in vivo and in vitro.
Download or read book Regulation of Chemokine Receptor Interactions and Functions written by Martin J. Stone and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-03-19 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Regulation of Chemokine-Receptor Interactions and Functions" that was published in IJMS
Download or read book Structural and proteomical analysis of the interaction of chemokines with glycosaminoglycans written by Tommy Hofmann and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Chemokine Receptors written by Jeffrey K. Harrison and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-17 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume, new to The Receptors series, focuses on several areas, including the birth, maturation, and structure of Chemokines; Neutrophil, Dendritic, and Lymphocyte trafficking; and Chemokine Receptors in diseases such as AIDs and lung cancer. In particular the book contains cutting-edge information ranging from basic molecular and cellular mechanisms to physiological and pathological roles of chemokines.
Download or read book Regulation of Chemokine Receptor Interactions and Functions written by Martin J. Stone (Ed.) and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A hallmark of inflammation is the accumulation of leukocytes, which can serve to remove pathogens and necrotic tissue, but may also damage healthy tissue and exacerbate the inflammatory response. Our understanding of leukocyte recruitment in inflammation was revolutionized in the late 1980s by the discovery of chemokines (chemotactic cytokines), a family of small, secreted proteins that induce migration of selective subsets of leukocytes. Shortly afterwards, chemokines were found to exert their functions through the now familiar chemokine receptors, members of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. As their physiological and pathological functions were elucidated, chemokine receptors have become popular targets for drug development in inflammatory diseases as well as cancer metastasis and HIV infection. Extensive research has revealed that the functions of chemokines and their receptors are regulated at numerous levels, including: genetic mutations/polymorphisms; control of expression levels; ligand internalization via functional or decoy receptors; intrinsic selectivity of chemokine-receptor binding; hetero- or homo-oligomerization of chemokines or of receptors; alternative signalling pathways; interaction of chemokines with glycosaminoglycans; post-translational modifications; and binding to pathogen-derived inhibitors. This Special Issue of IJMS focused on the natural and pharmacological mechanisms by which the activities of chemokines and their receptors can be regulated.
Download or read book Glycosaminoglycans and Proteoglycans written by 978-3-03842-836-7 and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-07-04 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Glycosaminoglycans and Proteoglycans" that was published in Pharmaceuticals
Download or read book Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Biological Macromolecules Part A written by Thomas L. James and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume and its companion, Volume 339, supplement Volumes 176, 177, 239, and 261. Chapters are written with a "hands-on" perspective. That is, practical applications with critical evaluations of methodologies and experimental considerations needed to design, execute, and interpret NMR experiments pertinent to biological molecules.
Download or read book Chemokines Part B written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-05-26 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The understanding of chemokines, the proteins that control the migration of cells, and their receptors, is critical to the study of causes and therapies for a wide range of human diseases and infections, including certain types of cancer, inflammatory diseases, HIV, and malaria. This volume, focusing on chemokine structure and function, as well as signaling, and its companion volume (Methods in Enzymology volume 461, focusing on chemokines as potential targets for disease intervention) provide a comprehensive overview and time-tested protocols in this field, making it an essential reference for researchers in the area. - Along with its companion volume, provides a comprehensive overview of chemokine methods, specifically as related to potential disease therapy - Gathers tried, tested, and trusted methods and techniques from top players in chemokine research - Provides an essential reference for researchers in the field
Download or read book Progress in Chemokine Research written by W. P. Linkes and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2007 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemokines are the cytokines that may activate or chemoattract leukocytes. Each chemokine contains 65 ~ 120 amino acids, with molecular weight of 8-10 kD. Their receptors belong to G-protein-coupled receptors. Inflammatory chemokines are released from a wide variety of cells in response to bacterial infection, viruses and agents that cause physical damage such as silica or the urate crystals that occur in gout. They function mainly as chemoattractants for leukocytes, recruiting monocytes, neutrophils and other effector cells from the blood to sites of infection or damage. They can be released by many different cell types and serve to guide cells involved in innate immunity and also the lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system. The cells that are attracted by chemokines follow a signal of increasing chemokine concentration to the site of infection or tissue injury. Some chemokines also have roles in the development of lymphocytes, migration and angiogenesis (the growth of new blood vessels).Since the entry of HIV into host cells requires chemokine receptors, their antagonists are being developed to treat AIDS. This book presents leading research from around the globe in this field.
Download or read book Proteins Amino Acids and Peptides as Ions and Dipolar Ions written by Edwin Joseph Cohn and published by . This book was released on 1943 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Regulation of Chemokine Function by Glycosaminoglycan Binding and Oligomerization written by Elaine Ka-Yee Lau and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chemokines Part A written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-05-16 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The understanding of chemokines, the proteins that control the migration of cells, and their receptors, is critical to the study of causes and therapies for a wide range of human diseases and infections, including certain types of cancer, inflammatory diseases, HIV, and malaria. This volume, focusing on chemokines as potential targets for disease intervention, and its companion volume (Methods in Enzymology volume 462, focusing on chemokine structure and function, as well as signaling) provide a comprehensive overview and time-tested protocols in this field, making it an essential reference for researchers in the area. - Along with its companion volume, provides a comprehensive overview of chemokine methods, specifically as related to potential disease therapy - Gathers tried, tested, and trusted methods and techniques from top players in chemokine research - Provides an essential reference for researchers in the field
Download or read book Human Herpesviruses written by Ann Arvin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-08-16 with total page 1325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive account of the human herpesviruses provides an encyclopedic overview of their basic virology and clinical manifestations. This group of viruses includes human simplex type 1 and 2, Epstein–Barr virus, Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, cytomegalovirus, HHV6A, 6B and 7, and varicella-zoster virus. The viral diseases and cancers they cause are significant and often recurrent. Their prevalence in the developed world accounts for a major burden of disease, and as a result there is a great deal of research into the pathophysiology of infection and immunobiology. Another important area covered within this volume concerns antiviral therapy and the development of vaccines. All these aspects are covered in depth, both scientifically and in terms of clinical guidelines for patient care. The text is illustrated generously throughout and is fully referenced to the latest research and developments.
Download or read book Essentials of Glycobiology written by Ajit Varki and published by CSHL Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 694 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sugar chains (glycans) are often attached to proteins and lipids and have multiple roles in the organization and function of all organisms. "Essentials of Glycobiology" describes their biogenesis and function and offers a useful gateway to the understanding of glycans.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules written by Sangdun Choi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-15 with total page 6330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of this encyclopedia presents over 400 biologically important signaling molecules and the content is built on the core concepts of their functions along with early findings written by some of the world’s foremost experts. The molecules are described by recognized leaders in each molecule. The interactions of these single molecules in signal transduction networks will also be explored. This encyclopedia marks a new era in overview of current cellular signaling molecules for the specialist and the interested non-specialist alike. Currently, there are more than 30,000 genes in human genome. However, not all the proteins encoded by these genes work equally in order to maintain homeostasis. Understanding the important signaling molecules as completely as possible will significantly improve our research-based teaching and scientific capabilities.
