Download or read book Strongpoint Cyber Deterrence written by James J. Torrence and published by Xlibris Corporation. This book was released on 2020-02-10 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This important U.S. strategic studies work seeks to develop a cyber deterrence strategy by drawing upon the hard-learned lessons of the past—specifically from Cold War deterrence theory and Cold War missile defense. Ultimately, a strongpoint defense is proposed along with a decentralized and further hardened critical infrastructure approach that continually exploits emergent innovation opportunities through investment in research. Dave Dilegge Editor-in-Chief Small Wars Journal

Download or read book The Cyber Deterrence Problem written by Aaron F. Brantly and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2020-06-15 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The national security of the United States depends on a secure, reliable and resilient cyberspace. The inclusion of digital systems into every aspect of US national security has been underway since World War II and has increased with the proliferation of Internet-enabled devices. There is an increasing need to develop a robust deterrence framework within which the United States and its allies can dissuade would-be adversaries from engaging in various cyber activities. Yet despite a desire to deter adversaries, the problems associated with dissuasion remain complex, multifaceted, poorly understood and imprecisely specified. Challenges, including credibility, attribution, escalation and conflict management, remain ever-present and challenge the United States in its efforts to foster security in cyberspace. These challenges need to be addressed in a deliberate and multidisciplinary approach that combines political and technical realities to provide a robust set of policy options to decision makers. The Cyber Deterrence Problem brings together a multidisciplinary team of scholars with expertise in computer science, deterrence theory, cognitive psychology, intelligence studies and conflict management to analyze and develop a robust assessment of the necessary requirements and attributes for achieving deterrence in cyberspace. Beyond simply addressing the base challenges associated with deterrence, many of the chapters also propose strategies and tactics to enhance deterrence in cyberspace and emphasize conceptualizing how the United States deters adversaries.

Download or read book Strategic Cyber Deterrence written by Scott Jasper and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2017-07-08 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to the FBI, about 4000 ransomware attacks happen every day. In the United States alone, victims lost $209 million to ransomware in the first quarter of 2016. Even worse is the threat to critical infrastructure, as seen by the malware infections at electrical distribution companies in Ukraine that caused outages to 225,000 customers in late 2015. Further, recent reports on the Russian hacks into the Democratic National Committee and subsequent release of emails in a coercive campaign to apparently influence the U.S. Presidential Election have brought national attention to the inadequacy of cyber deterrence. The U.S. government seems incapable of creating an adequate strategy to alter the behavior of the wide variety of malicious actors seeking to inflict harm or damage through cyberspace. This book offers a systematic analysis of the various existing strategic cyber deterrence options and introduces the alternative strategy of active cyber defense. It examines the array of malicious actors operating in the domain, their methods of attack, and their motivations. It also provides answers on what is being done, and what could be done, by the government and industry to convince malicious actors that their attacks will not succeed and that risk of repercussions exists. Traditional deterrence strategies of retaliation, denial and entanglement appear to lack the necessary conditions of capability, credibly, and communications due to these malicious actors’ advantages in cyberspace. In response, the book offers the option of adopting a strategy of active cyber defense that combines internal systemic resilience to halt cyber attack progress with external disruption capacities to thwart malicious actors’ objectives. It shows how active cyber defense is technically capable and legally viable as an alternative strategy for the deterrence of cyber attacks.

Download or read book Deterring Cyber Warfare written by Brian M. Mazanec and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-12-05 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While the deterrence of cyber attacks is one of the most important issues facing the United States and other nations, the application of deterrence theory to the cyber realm is problematic. This study introduces cyber warfare and reviews the challenges associated with deterring cyber attacks, offering key recommendations to aid the deterrence of major cyber attacks.

Download or read book Proceedings of a Workshop on Deterring Cyberattacks written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-10-30 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a world of increasing dependence on information technology, the prevention of cyberattacks on a nation's important computer and communications systems and networks is a problem that looms large. Given the demonstrated limitations of passive cybersecurity defense measures, it is natural to consider the possibility that deterrence might play a useful role in preventing cyberattacks against the United States and its vital interests. At the request of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, the National Research Council undertook a two-phase project aimed to foster a broad, multidisciplinary examination of strategies for deterring cyberattacks on the United States and of the possible utility of these strategies for the U.S. government. The first phase produced a letter report providing basic information needed to understand the nature of the problem and to articulate important questions that can drive research regarding ways of more effectively preventing, discouraging, and inhibiting hostile activity against important U.S. information systems and networks. The second phase of the project entailed selecting appropriate experts to write papers on questions raised in the letter report. A number of experts, identified by the committee, were commissioned to write these papers under contract with the National Academy of Sciences. Commissioned papers were discussed at a public workshop held June 10-11, 2010, in Washington, D.C., and authors revised their papers after the workshop. Although the authors were selected and the papers reviewed and discussed by the committee, the individually authored papers do not reflect consensus views of the committee, and the reader should view these papers as offering points of departure that can stimulate further work on the topics discussed. The papers presented in this volume are published essentially as received from the authors, with some proofreading corrections made as limited time allowed.

Download or read book Is Cyber Deterrence Possible written by Timothy M. McKenzie and published by . This book was released on 2017-01 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Army Role in Achieving Deterrence in Cyberspace written by Jeffrey L. Caton and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-04-02 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2015, the Department of Defense (DoD) released the DoD Cyber Strategy which explicitly calls for a comprehensive strategy to provide credible deterrence in cyberspace against threats from key state and nonstate actors. To be effective, such activities must be coordinated with ongoing deterrence efforts in the physical realm, especially those of near-peers impacting critical global regions such as China in the Asia-Pacific region and Russia in Europe. It is important for the U.S. Army to identify and plan for any unique roles that they may provide to these endeavors. This study explores the evolving concept of deterrence in cyberspace in three major areas: - First, the monograph addresses the question: What is the current U.S. deterrence posture for cyberspace? The discussion includes an assessment of relevant current national and DoD policies and concepts as well as an examination of key issues for cyber deterrence found in professional literature.- Second, it examines the question: What are the Army's roles in cyberspace deterrence? This section provides background information on how Army cyber forces operate and examines the potential contributions of these forces to the deterrence efforts in cyberspace as well as in the broader context of strategic deterrence. The section also addresses how the priority of these contributions may change with escalating levels of conflict.- Third, the monograph provides recommendations for changing or adapting the DoD and Army responsibilities to better define and implement the evolving concepts and actions supporting deterrence in the dynamic domain of cyberspace.

Download or read book Cyberpower and National Security written by Franklin D. Kramer and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 2009-04-01 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addresses the main security issues in cyberspace

Download or read book Defining Deterrence in Cyberspace written by Steve Wieland and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The goal of deterrence is not to deter the use of a particular weapon. Rather, a nation deters undesirable behavior. Cyber warfare can produce three basic effects-- SCADA attacks that cause physical destruction, loss of confidence in one's information, and disruption. These effects and their associated limitations will not produce a strategically decisive result. Cyber warfare must be used in conjunction with other instruments of power to successfully coerce another nation to accede to political demands. However, denying a potential adversary the benefits of cyber coercion or raising the costs of attempting it comprise important components a deterrence strategy. To deny benefits, defensive measures will prevent attacks from being successful. Alternatively, resiliency of critical systems will allow mitigate the value of attacks. The costs of attack consist of words and deeds. Clear, culturally appropriate communication of response measures helps dissuade actions. The actual retaliation after a cyber attack deters future attacks. Looking toward the future, a deterrence posture must include resiliency, organizational changes across the board, use of technology, and appropriate, integrated response measures"--Abstract.

Download or read book Deterring Cybertrespass and Securing Cyberspace written by Mary Manjikian and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-01-01 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perhaps the best starting point for those looking to "borrow" a deterrent strategy for cyberspace from other fields is not the example of nuclear deterrence but instead the example of United States-Mexican border security. The nuclear deterrent analogy is not the best fit for understanding cyber-deterrence-due to the ways in which rewards and payoffs for would-be attackers in cyberspace are different from those in the nuclear analogy-among other factors. The emphasis here is not on deterrent effects provided by specific weapons but rather on the ways in which human actors understand deterrence and risk in making an attempt to violate a border, and the ways in which security architects can manipulate how would-be aggressors think about these border incursions. This Letort Paper thus borrows from the criminology literature rather than the military-security literature in laying out how individuals may be deterred from committing crimes in real space and in cyberspace through manipulating rewards and punishments. Lessons from attempts at deterring illegal immigration along America's borders are then presented, with lessons derived from those situations, which are helpful in understanding how to deter incursions in cyberspace.

Download or read book Task Force on Cyber Deterrence written by United States. Defense Science Board and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Deterrence in Cyberspace written by Matthew Rivera and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "There are significant differences between nuclear attack and cyber-attack, but the development of cyber deterrence policy is relevant to the total defense of the United States' critical infrastructure and networked cyber systems. The rapidity, ambiguity of origination, and inexpensiveness of a cyber-attack creates a different problem not easily addressed by the strategies used in the implementation of nuclear deterrence. Similar to the nuclear deterrence policy developed during the Cold War, a policy for deterrence to compliment the United States' defense of its interests in cyberspace from nefarious acts is needed today. Influencing the mental calculus of a potential adversary to dissuade them from conduct that threatens the United States is a critical aspect of defending the nation's interests in cyberspace. Having the capabilities in cyberspace to effectively respond to enemy aggression is critical to deterrence as a strategy to defend the nation's critical infrastructure. The cyber-attacks conducted against Georgia and Estonia during their conflicts with Russia demonstrates the ability for widespread effects at very little cost. While the private sector must do more to ensure critical infrastructures are adequately protected, the government similarly needs to better develop policies and associated consequences to deter cyber-attacks. The aspects of nuclear deterrence considered relevant to cyber deterrence in this paper are attribution, penalty, credibility, definition of attack, dependency, counter-productivity, awareness, and futility."--Abstract

Download or read book Deterrence written by Todd M. Yehle and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "On 27 July 2021, the U.S. Secretary of Defense, Lloyd Austin, discussed the concept of integrated deterrence. In a speech in Singapore, he pointed out that this deterrence posture is about “using existing capabilities, and building new ones, and deploying them all in new and networked ways.” In the new security landscape of the 21st Century, there are more types of attacks, and more capable advisory states, than ever before. A new domain of deterrence is the cyber domain. This is an exciting time to be alive – however, along with these civilian and military innovations comes the possibility of attack on these electronic infrastructures. Is it possible to deter cyber attacks? Let us examine why deterrence works, apply the concepts to the cyber domain, and briefly compare cyber deterrence to nuclear deterrence."--Page 2.

Download or read book Prospects for Cyber Deterrence written by Ryan J. Moore and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In today's Information Age, a nation's dependence on cyberspace is becoming an increasingly important aspect of national security. As technology has improved, and more sectors of critical national infrastructure are interconnected in cyberspace, the level of risk to national security has increased dramatically. Neither security policies nor international laws have been able to keep up with the demands of the rapidly evolving cybersphere. Nations need to examine ways to influence their adversaries against attacking critical infrastructure via cyberspace. Deterrence concepts and policies need to evolve to a level that can be applied to various actors, from the state to the non-state level. The cost of entry to employ cyberspace capabilities is extremely low compared to what it takes to establish conventional or nuclear forces. If the Estonia and Georgia cyber attacks of 2007 and 2008 have taught us anything, it is that highly networked nations can be vulnerable to cyber attacks. If a significant investment is made in successful deterrence strategies, the outlook for adopting a fully networked society may not seem so threatening.

Download or read book U S Strategic Cyber Deterrence Options written by Scott Jasper and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Flexible Options for Cyber Deterrence Terrorism Problem of Attribution Cyber Attack Espionage Defense Nation State Peer Competitors China Conflict SCADA Network Equipment written by U. S. Military and published by . This book was released on 2017-03-06 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This excellent report has been professionally converted for accurate flowing-text e-book format reproduction. This paper describes options for cyber deterrence to address both asymmetric threats from terrorists and the intimidation associated with nation-state peer competitors in the cyber domain. It presents recent National Security Strategy interests and demonstrates a lack of focus upon cyber infrastructure. The paper will examine challenges associated with legal aspects in the cyber domain as well as the issue of attribution. It will analyze terrorist and nation-state usage of cyberspace and potential threats aimed at the United States related to each. Finally, the paper concludes with several recommendations for tailored cyber deterrence focused on terrorists and peer nation-states. The idea of deterrence has existed since the beginning of humanity. Lawrence Freedman in his book Deterrence uses the biblical tale of Adam, Eve, and the forbidden fruit as an example of deterrence. Webster defines deterrence as "maintenance of military power for the purpose of discouraging attack." The threat of war has always been a tool used by leaders to influence foreign powers to avoid acts of aggression. Ultimately, deterrence became synonymous with American Cold War strategic thinking and foreign policy. Mutually assured destruction was a classic adoption of deterrence through punishment. However, deterrence through punishment requires the demonstration of offensive capabilities. The highly classified nature of the United States cyber-based offensive tools makes this approach unlikely. In addition, deterrence by punishment does not work without identification and attribution. Lastly, any assumption of rationality demonstrates the fallacy of Cold War deterrence applied to the cyber domain. Today's multi-polar world provides multiple threats aimed at the United States in the cyber domain. From cyber terrorists to sophisticated nation-states, adversaries are increasing their cyber capabilities on a daily basis. Some argue for an offensive cyber doctrine of preemption, but as demonstrated in Iraq, preemption can be destabilizing. Acts of war may justify an offensive response, but conventional or nuclear deterrence is more appropriate when attempting to deter aggression defined by war. Complicating cyberspace deterrence is the lack of attribution, no traditional constraints associated with rational behavior of extremists, and a deficient United States cyber national strategy. The next chapter of this paper reviews recent United States strategies and critical cyber infrastructure, attribution in the cyber domain, and cyber espionage. Chapter three provides analysis of cyber terrorism and nation-state operations in the cyber domain. Chapter four describes cyber deterrence recommendations aimed at countering terrorists as well as United States peer competitors. The final chapter presents conclusions. Contents * Biography * Introduction * Background * National Security Strategy and Critical Infrastructure * The Problem of Attribution * Privacy and Attribution * Espionage versus Cyber-attack * Analysis * Cyber Terrorism: Does it Exist? * Terrorist Tactics and the Internet * Nation State Peer Competitors * Recommendations * Cyber Deterrence of Terrorism * Peer Competitors and Cyber Deterrence * Diplomatic and Economic Engagement as a Cyber Deterrent Option * Cyber Defense, More than Passwords * Conclusion * Bibliography

Download or read book Cyber Deterrence Revisited written by Stefan Soesanto and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: