Download or read book Stripper Modeling for CO2 Removal Using Monoethanolamine and Piperazine Solvents written by David Hamilton Van Wagener and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation seeks to reduce the energy consumption of steam stripping to regenerate aqueous amine used for CO2 capture from coal-fired power plants. Rigorous rate-based models in Aspen Plus® were developed, and rate-based simulations were used for packed vapor/liquid separation units. Five main configurations with varying levels of complexity were evaluated with the two solvents. 8 m piperazine (PZ) always performed better than 9 m monoethanolamine (MEA). More complex flowsheets stripped CO2 with higher efficiency due to the more reversible separation. Multi-stage flash configurations were competitive at their optimal lean loadings, but they had poor efficiency at low lean loading. The most efficient configuration was an interheated column, with more effective and distributed heat exchange. It had a secondary benefit of a cooler overhead temperature, so less water vapor exited with the CO2. Using a rich loading of 0.40 mol CO2/mol alkalinity in 8 m PZ, the optimal lean loading was 0.28 and the energy requirement was 30.9 kJ/mol CO2. Case studies were also performed on cold rich bypass and the use of geothermal heat. When cold rich bypass is used with the 2-stage flash and 8 m PZ, it reduces equivalent work by 11% to 30.7 kJ/mol CO2. PZ benefited the most from cold rich bypass because it had a higher water concentration in the overhead vapor than with MEA. In an advanced 2-stage flash with 8 m PZ, geothermal heat available from 150 down to 100 °C requires 35.5 kJ work/mol CO2. The heat duty and equivalent work was higher than other optimized configurations, but it would be a valid option if separating the heat source from the steam cycle of a coal-fired power plant was highly valued. Pilot plant campaigns were simulated with the available thermodynamic models. Two campaigns with 8 m PZ were simulated within small deviation from the measured values. The average absolute errors in these campaigns were 2.5 and 2.7%. A campaign with 9 m MEA in a simple stripper demonstrated that the MEA model did not predict the solvent properties well enough to appropriately represent the pilot plant operation.

Download or read book Modeling of Stripper Configurations for CO2 Capture Using Aqueous Piperazine written by Tarun Madan and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis seeks to improve the economic viability of carbon capture process by reducing the energy requirement of amine scrubbing technology. High steam requirement for solvent regeneration in this technology can be reduced by improvements in the regeneration process. Solvent models based on experimental results have been created by previous researchers and are available for simulation and process modeling in Aspen Plus®. Standard process modeling specifications are developed and multiple regeneration processes are compared for piperazine (a cyclic diamine) in Chapter 2. The configurations were optimized to identify optimal operating conditions for energy performance. These processes utilize methods of better heat recovery and effective separation and show 2 to 8% improvement in energy requirement as compared to conventional absorber-stripper configuration. The best configuration is the interheated stripper which requires equivalent work of 29.9 kJ/mol CO2 compared to 32.6 kJ/mol CO2 for the simple stripper. The Fawkes and Independence solvent models were used for modeling and simulation. A new regeneration configuration called the advanced flash stripper (patent pending) was developed and simulated using the Independence model. Multiple complex levels of the process were simulated and results show more than 10% improvement in energy performance. Multiple cases of operating conditions and process specifications were simulated and the best case requires equivalent work of 29 kJ/mol CO2. This work also includes modeling and simulation of pilot plant campaigns carried out for demonstration of a piperazine with a 2-stage flash on at 1 tpd CO2. Reconciliation of data was done in Aspen Plus for solvent model validation. The solvent model predicted results consistent with the measured values. A systematic error of approximately +5% was found in the rich CO2, that can be attributed to laboratory measurement errors, instrument measurement errors, and standard deviation in solvent model data. Stripper Modeling for CO2 capture from natural gas combustion was done under a project by TOTAL through the Process Science and Technology Center. Two configurations were simulated for each of three flue gas conditions (corresponding to 3%, 6% and 9% CO2). Best cases for the three conditions of flue gas require 34.9, 33.1 and 31.6 kJ/mol CO2.

Download or read book Modeling the Advanced Flash Stripper for CO2 Capture Using 5 M Piperazine written by Junyuan Ding and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amine scrubbing is the most mature technology for post-combustion CO2 capture. Several studies have demonstrated that the advanced flash stripper (AFS) consumes less energy among stripper alternatives. This thesis seeks to demonstrate the AFS energy performance and cost over a wide range of CO2 loading. Solvent models based on experimental results have been created by previous researchers and are available for simulation and process modeling in Aspen Plus®. In collaboration with Membrane Technology and Research Inc., various hybrid amine/membrane configurations were studied to minimize the total CO2 capture cost. CO2 in the flue gas is enriched by membranes from 12% to 18 and 23% for coal-fired power plant, and from 6% to 12~18% for natural gas combined cycle power plant (NGCC). The CO2 loading covers the range of flue gas CO2 from coal-fired power plants and NGCC. For each configuration, the cold and warm rich bypasses are optimized to minimize the energy cost. The cost optimization is also demonstrated on 5 m PZ, 5 m MDEA/5 m PZ, and 2 m PZ/3 m HMPD. The most cost-effective solvent varies with the flue gas CO2. When applied to a coal-fired power plant, hybrid parallel amine/membrane designs with 99% and 95% CO2 removal cost less than hybrid series with 60% CO2 removal. The equivalent work of the parallel configuration with 99% CO2 removal using 5 m MDEA/5 m PZ (32.3 kJ/mol CO2) is less than using 5 m PZ (34.0 kJ/mol CO2). The equivalent work with 95% CO2 removal (Case 19) using 5 m MDEA/5 m PZ (32.5 kJ/mol CO2) is less than using 5 m PZ (33.3 kJ/mol CO2). The capital cost with 99% CO2 removal using 5 m MDEA/5 m PZ ($70.5MM) is more than using 5 m PZ ($67.5MM). The capital cost with 95% CO2 removal using 5 m MDEA/5 m PZ ($73.5MM) is less than using 5 m PZ ($79.5MM). The total annual cost with 95% CO2 removal using 2 m PZ/3 m HMPD ($38.7/tonne CO2) is less than using 5 m PZ ($41.5/tonne CO2). When applied to NGCC, the cost of amine scrubbing is reduced by increasing absorber inlet CO2 by membranes. However, this is offset by the membrane cost. As absorber inlet CO2 increases from 6% to 18%, the operating cost decreases from $18.8 to $15.4/tonne CO2, while total regeneration cost decreases from $35.6 to $33.1/tonne CO2.

Download or read book Process Systems and Materials for CO2 Capture written by Athanasios I. Papadopoulos and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-05-01 with total page 686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive volume brings together an extensive collection of systematic computer-aided tools and methods developed in recent years for CO2 capture applications, and presents a structured and organized account of works from internationally acknowledged scientists and engineers, through: Modeling of materials and processes based on chemical and physical principles Design of materials and processes based on systematic optimization methods Utilization of advanced control and integration methods in process and plant-wide operations The tools and methods described are illustrated through case studies on materials such as solvents, adsorbents, and membranes, and on processes such as absorption / desorption, pressure and vacuum swing adsorption, membranes, oxycombustion, solid looping, etc. Process Systems and Materials for CO2 Capture: Modelling, Design, Control and Integration should become the essential introductory resource for researchers and industrial practitioners in the field of CO2 capture technology who wish to explore developments in computer-aided tools and methods. In addition, it aims to introduce CO2 capture technologies to process systems engineers working in the development of general computational tools and methods by highlighting opportunities for new developments to address the needs and challenges in CO2 capture technologies.

Download or read book Modeling of Strippers for CO2 Capture by Aqueous Amines written by Babatunde Adegboyega Oyenekan and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work evaluates stripper performance for CO2 capture using seven potential solvent formulations and seven stripper configurations. Equilibrium and rate models were developed in Aspen Custom Modeler (ACM). The temperature approach on the hot side of the cross exchanger was varied between 5 - 10°C. The results show that operating the cross exchanger at a 5°C approach results in 12% energy savings for a 7m MEA rich solution of 0.563 mol/mol Alk and 90% CO2 removal. For solvents with [Delta]H[subscript abs]

Download or read book Modeling of Carbon Dioxide Absorption stripping by Aqueous Methyldiethanolamine piperazine written by Peter Thompson Frailie (II) and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rigorous thermodynamic and kinetic models were developed in Aspen Plus® Rate SepTM for 8 m PZ, 5 m PZ, 7 m MDEA/2 m PZ, and 5 m MDEA/5 m PZ. Thermodynamic data was regressed using a sequential regression methodology, and incorporated data for all amine, amine/water, and amine/water/CO2 systems. The sensitivity of CO2 absorption rate was determined in a wetted wall column simulation in Aspen Plus®, and the results were used in Microsoft Excel to determine the optimum reaction rates, activation energies, and binary diffusivities. Density, viscosity, and binary diffusivity are calculated using user-supplied FORTRAN subroutines rather than built-in Aspen Plus® correlations. Three absorber configurations were tested: adiabatic, in-and-out intercooling, and pump-around intercooling. The two intercooled configurations demonstrated comparable improvement in capacity and packing area, with the greatest improvement in 8 m PZ occurring between lean loadings of 0.20 and 0.25 mol CO2/mol alkalinity. The effects of absorber temperature and CO2 removal were tested in the adiabatic and in-and-out intercooled configurations. For 7 m MDEA/2 m PZ at a lean loading of 0.13 mol CO2/mol alkalinity reducing the absorber temperature from 40 °C to 20 °C increases capacity by 64% without an appreciable increase in packing area. Increasing CO2 removal from 90% to 99% does not double the packing area due to favorable reaction rates at the lean end of the absorber. Two stripper configurations were tested: the simple stripper and the advanced flash stripper. For all amines, absorber configurations, and lean loadings the advanced flash stripper demonstrated the better energy performance, with the greatest benefit occurring at low lean loadings. An economic estimation method was developed that converts purchased equipment cost and equivalent work to $/MT CO2. The method is based on economic factors proposed by DOE-NETL and IEAGHG. The total cost of CO2 decreases as lean loading decreases for all amines and configurations. Increasing CO2 removal from 90% to 99% results in a 1% increase in the total cost of CO2 capture. Decreasing absorber temperature for 7 m MDEA/2 m PZ from 40 °C to 20 °C decreases total cost of CO2 capture by up to 9.3%.

Download or read book Post combustion CO2 Capture Technology written by Helei Liu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-09-25 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comprehensive review of the latest information on all aspects of the post-combustion carbon capture process. It provides designers and operators of amine solvent-based CO2 capture plants with an in-depth understanding of the most up-to-date fundamental chemistry and physics of the CO2 absorption technologies using amine-based reactive solvents. Topics covered include the physical properties, chemical analysis, reaction kinetics, CO2 solubility, and innovative configurations of absorption and stripping columns as well as information on technology applications. This book also examines the post-build operational issues of corrosion prevention and control, solvent management, solvent stability, solvent recycling and reclaiming, intelligent monitoring and plant control including process automation. In addition, the authors discuss the recent insights into the theoretical basis of plant operation in terms of thermodynamics, transport phenomena, chemical reaction kinetics/engineering, interfacial phenomena, and materials. The insights provided help engineers, scientists, and decision makers working in academia, industry and government gain a better understanding of post-combustion carbon capture technologies.

Download or read book Dynamic Modeling Optimization and Control of Monoethanolamine Scrubbing for CO2 Capture written by Sepideh Ziaii Fashami and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work seeks to develop optimal dynamic and control strategies to operate post combustion CO2 capture in response to various dynamic operational scenarios. For this purpose, a rigorous dynamic model of absorption/stripping process using monothanolamine was created and then combined with a simplified steady state model of power cycle steam turbines and a multi-stage variable speed compressor in Aspen Custom Modeler. The dynamic characteristics and interactions were investigated for the plant using 30% wt monoethanolamine (MEA) to remove 90% of CO2 in the flue gas coming from a 100 MW coal-fired power plant. Two load reduction scenarios were simulated: power plant load reduction and reboiler load reduction. An ACM® optimization tool was implemented to minimize total lost work at the final steady state condition by adjusting compressor speed and solvent circulation rate. Stripper pressure was allowed to vary. Compressor surge limit, run off condition in rich and lean pumps, and maximum allowable compressor speed were found as constraints influencing the operation at reduced loads. A variable speed compressor is advantageous during partial load operations because of its flexibility for handling compressor surge and allowing the stripper and reboiler to run at optimal conditions. Optimization at low load levels demonstrated that the most energy efficient strategy to control compressor surge is gas recycling which is commonly applied by an anti-surge control system installed on compressors. Trade offs were found between initial capital cost and optimal operation with minimal energy use for large load reduction. The examples are, designing the stripper in a way that can tolerate the pressure two times larger than normal operating pressure, over sizing the pumps and over designing the compressor speed. A plant-wide control procedure was used to design an effective multi-loop control system. Five control configurations were simulated and compared in response to large load variations and foaming in the stripper and the absorber. The most successful control structure was controlling solvent rate, reboiler temperature, and stripper pressure by liquid valve, steam valve, and compressor speed respectively. With the investigated disturbances and employing this control scheme, development of an advanced multivariable control system is not required. This scheme is able to bring the plant to the targeted set points in about 6 minutes for such a system designed initially with 11 min total liquid holdup time. Frequency analysis used for evaluation of lean and rich tanks on the dynamic performances has shown that increasing the holdup time is not always helpful to damp the oscillations and rejecting the disturbances. It means there exists an optimum initial residence time in the tanks. Based on the results, a 5-minute holdup can be a reasonable number to fulfill the targets.

Download or read book CO2 Capture by Reactive Absorption Stripping written by Claudio Madeddu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-15 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on modelling issues and their implications for the correct design of reactive absorption–desorption systems. In addition, it addresses the case of carbon dioxide (CO2) post-combustion capture in detail. The book proposes a new perspective on these systems, and provides technological solutions with comparisons to previous treatments of the subject. The model that is proposed is subsequently validated using experimental data. In addition, the book features graphs to guide readers with immediate visualizations of the benefits of the methodology proposed. It shows a systematic procedure for the steady-state model-based design of a CO2 post-combustion capture plant that employs reactive absorption-stripping, using monoethanolamine as the solvent. It also discusses the minimization of energy consumption, both through the modification of the plant flowsheet and the set-up of the operating parameters. The book offers a unique source of information for researchers and practitioners alike, as it also includes an economic analysis of the complete plant. Further, it will be of interest to all academics and students whose work involves reactive absorption-stripping design and the modelling of reactive absorption-stripping systems.

Download or read book Pilot Plant Study of Carbon Dioxide Capture by Aqueous Monoethanolamine written by Ross Edward Dugas and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work serves as a baseline for CO2 capture using monoethanolamine (MEA). MEA is an appropriate choice for a baseline study since it is the most mature and common solvent for CO2 capture from coal fired power plants. This work serves as a comparison to the piperazine/potassium carbonate solvent currently being tested by the Rochelle research group, as well as any future solvents that may be tested. A close-looped absorption/stripping pilot plant with 42.7 cm ID columns was used to capture CO2 using an 32.5 wt% aqueous MEA solution. Both the absorber and stripper contained 20 ft of packing. The pilot plant campaign consisted of 48 runs at 24 operating conditions over a period of about one month. Various packings, lean CO2 loadings, gas and liquid rates, and stripper pressures were tested. The CO2 material and heat balances converged within 6.5 and 6.9%, respectively. The temperature bulge for the absorber ranged from 2-45°C. The bulge was located at the top of the absorber with L/G less than 5 kg/kg and at the bottom of the absorber with L/G greater than 6 kg/kg. Flexipac 1Y, a structured metal packing, achieved approximately 1.5-2 times more mass transfer than IMTP #40, a random metal packing, due an increased wetted area. The calculated K[subscript G] for Flexipac 1Y and IMTP #40 matched values showed similar trends to data previously in a wetted wall column. The MEA/Flexipac 1Y data had mass transfer coefficients similar to those obtained using Flexipac 1Y with the potassium carbonate/piperazine, but operated at significantly lower partial pressures. Measured heat duties for the pilot plant ranged from 369 to 1690 MJ/hr. These reboiler duties were especially high due to a lack of adequate preheat before the stripper. Vacuum stripping at 69 kPa was performed successfully without operational difficulties. Some of the pilot plant data was modeled in Aspen Plus using a RateFrac model previously created by Freguia (2002). Both absorber and stripper conditions were simulated. Results from absorber conditions using IMTP #40 were fairly close to the actual pilot plant. Absorber conditions with Flexipac 1Y predicted higher required packing heights to obtain the measured results. Stripper simulations were ineffective due to the limitations of the model. Reactions in the stripper are calculated as instantaneous reactions contrary to the rate based reactions in the absorber

Download or read book Modeling Advanced Flash Stripper for Carbon Dioxide Capture Using Aqueous Amines written by Yu-Jeng Lin and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The intensive energy use is the major obstacle to deployment of CO2 capture. Alternative stripper configurations is one of the most promising ways to reduce the energy consumption of CO2 regeneration and compression. The advanced flash stripper (AFS) proposed in this work provides the best energy performance among other alternatives. A systematic irreversibility analysis was performed instead of examining all the possible alternatives. The overhead condenser and the cross exchanger were identified the major sources of lost work that causes process inefficiencies. The AFS reduces the reboiler duty by 16% and the total equivalent work by 11% compared to the simple stripper using aqueous piperazine. The AFS was demonstrated in a 0.2 MW equivalent pilot plant and showed over 25% of heat duty reduction compared to previous campaigns, achieving 2.1 GJ/tonne CO2 of heat duty and 32 kJ/mol CO2 of total equivalent work. The proposed bypass control strategy was successfully demonstrated and minimized the reboiler duty. Approximate stripper models (ASM) were developed to generalize the effect of solvent properties on energy performance and guide solvent selections. High heat of absorption can increase partial pressure of CO2 at elevated temperature and has potential to reduce compression work and stripping steam heat. The optimum heat of absorption was quantified as 70–125 kJ/mol CO2 at various conditions, which is generally higher than existing amines with 60–80 kJ/mol. The energy performance of AFS is not sensitive to the heat of absorption. A techno-economic analysis with process optimization that minimizes the annualized regeneration cost was performed to demonstrate the profitability of the AFS. The AFS reduces the annualized regeneration cost by 13% and the major savings come from the reduction of the OPEX, which counts for over 70% of the regeneration cost. The compressor and the cross exchanger are the major components of the CAPEX. The optimum lean loading is around 0.22 mol CO2/mol alkalinity for PZ but is flat between 0.18 and 0.24 with less than 1% difference. The AFS was demonstrated as a flexible system that can be applied to a wide range of solvent properties and operating conditions while still maintaining remarkable energy performance. Further improvement of energy efficiency by process modifications is expected to be marginal. Increasing solvent capacity will give the most energy and cost reduction in the future.

Download or read book Modeling of CO2 removal from flue gases with monoethanolamine written by Stefano Freguia and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Carbon Capture and Storage written by Mai Bui and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2019-11-29 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will provide the latest global perspective on the role and value of carbon capture and storage (CCS) in delivering temperature targets and reducing the impact of global warming. As well as providing a comprehensive, up-to-date overview of the major sources of carbon dioxide emission and negative emissions technologies, the book also discusses technical, economic and political issues associated with CCS along with strategies to enable commercialisation.

Download or read book Comparison of Chemical Solvent for Co2 Removal from Power Plant Using Amine Scrubbing Process written by Siti Najibah Abd Rahman and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research is aims to compare monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), and N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) solvents to achieve higher CO2 removal efficiency in absorber column by varying some process parameters including amine concentration, lean solvent flow rate and temperature. Process model was developed using Aspen Plus v12.1 with the electrolyte property inserts for each amine using electrolyte-NRTL thermodynamic model. The rate-based Radfrac absorber column are model by using data adapted from pilot plant data Case 32 at University of Texas, Austin by Dugas (2006). From the results obtained, it showed shows that the CO2 removal efficiency is increased with increasing of amine concentration for each amine. The CO2 removal efficiency using the MEA solvent is the highest compared than DEA and MDEA solvent. Besides that, it is more realistic to used MEA concentration not more than 31.5 wt. % as it can achieved 99.8% CO2 removal efficiency and to avoid corrosion effect to equipment in real plant. As the lean solvent flow rate increases, the CO2 removal efficiency for studied amines increases that can be arranged as the following order: MEA > DEA > MDEA. MEA shows high CO2 removal efficiency because MEA is primary amine which has high CO2 absorption capacity and reactivity than to DEA and MDEA. However, CO2 removal efficiency was decrease as lean solvent temperature increase for all amines. This is due to the reduction of amine in lean solvent since it were vaporised before entering the absorber. MEA solvent can achieved approximately 99% CO2 removal at 1 kg/s lean solvent flow rate. While the DEA and MDEA can achieve 99% CO2 removal efficiency around 133 kg/s and 110 kg/s lean solvent flow rate respectively. It proved that the MEA can achieve very high CO2 removal efficiency at low lean solvent flow rate and concentration compared to DEA and MDEA.

Download or read book Process Systems and Materials for CO2 Capture written by Athanasios I. Papadopoulos and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-03-28 with total page 690 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive volume brings together an extensive collection of systematic computer-aided tools and methods developed in recent years for CO2 capture applications, and presents a structured and organized account of works from internationally acknowledged scientists and engineers, through: Modeling of materials and processes based on chemical and physical principles Design of materials and processes based on systematic optimization methods Utilization of advanced control and integration methods in process and plant-wide operations The tools and methods described are illustrated through case studies on materials such as solvents, adsorbents, and membranes, and on processes such as absorption / desorption, pressure and vacuum swing adsorption, membranes, oxycombustion, solid looping, etc. Process Systems and Materials for CO2 Capture: Modelling, Design, Control and Integration should become the essential introductory resource for researchers and industrial practitioners in the field of CO2 capture technology who wish to explore developments in computer-aided tools and methods. In addition, it aims to introduce CO2 capture technologies to process systems engineers working in the development of general computational tools and methods by highlighting opportunities for new developments to address the needs and challenges in CO2 capture technologies.

Download or read book Modeling Carbon Dioxide Capture by Monoethanolamine Solvent with ASPEN Plus written by Tianyi Luo and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On the other hand, the cost of CO2 capture (and sequestration) could be reduced by limiting size of the Absorber column and operating pressure.

Download or read book Energy Efficient Solvents for CO2 Capture by Gas Liquid Absorption written by Wojciech M. Budzianowski and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-12-01 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews and characterises promising single-compound solvents, solvent blends and advanced solvent systems suitable for CO2 capture applications using gas-liquid absorption. Focusing on energy efficient solvents with minimal adverse environmental impact, the contributions included analyse the major technological advantages, as well as research and development challenges of promising solvents and solvent systems in various sustainable CO2 capture applications. It provides a valuable source of information for undergraduate and postgraduate students, as well as for chemical engineers and energy specialists.