Download or read book Stress Corrosion Cracking Evaluation of Candidate High Strength Stainless Steels for Prestressed Concrete written by Joseph Rogelio Fernandez and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Results of Phase 1 showed that for exposure at 135oC (275oF) cracking of alloys 316 L and 2205 occurred after 1 hour while XM29 experience cracking after 24 hours. At 90oC (194oF) alloy 316L cracked after 4 hours; XM29 did not crack after 96 hours while 2205 did crack after 96 hours. The results were interpreted with an Arrhenius relationship between time to cracking and test temperature to extrapolate toward the anticipated service regime. Results of Phase 2 showed that SCC was less likely to initiate in high pH conditions than in low pH conditions at typical marine environment temperatures and chloride concentration. In these limited tests the SCC performance of XM29 was better relative to that of the other two alloys.

Download or read book High strength Stainless Steels for Corrosion Mitigation in Prestressed Concrete written by Robert David Moser and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of stainless steel alloys in reinforced concrete structures has shown great success in mitigating corrosion in even the most severe of exposures. However, the use of high-strength stainless steels (HSSSs) for corrosion mitigation in prestressed concrete (PSC) structures has received limited attention. To address these deficiencies in knowledge, an experimental study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of using HSSSs for corrosion mitigation in PSC. The study examined mechanical behavior, corrosion resistance, and techniques for the production of HSSS prestressing strands. Stainless steel grades 304, 316, 2101, 2205, 2304, and 17-7 along with a 1080 prestressing steel control were included in the study. Tensile strengths of 1250 to 1550 MPa (181 to 225 ksi) were achieved in the cold-drawn HSSSs. 1000 hr stress relaxation of all candidate HSSSs was predicted to be between 6 and 8 % based on the results of 200 hr tests conducted at 70 % of the ultimate tensile strength. Residual stresses due to the cold drawing had a significant influence on stress vs. strain behavior and stress relaxation. Electrochemical corrosion testing found that in solutions simulating alkaline concrete, all HSSSs showed exceptional corrosion resistance at chloride (Cl- ) concentrations from zero to 0.25 M. However, when exposed to solutions simulating carbonated concrete, corrosion resistance was reduced and the only HSSSs with acceptable corrosion resistance were duplex grades 2205 and 2304, with 2205 resistant to corrosion initiation at Cl- concentrations up to 1.0 M (twice that in seawater). Based on these results, duplex grades 2205 and 2304 were identified as optimal HSSSs and were included in additional studies which found that: (1) 2304 is susceptible to corrosion when tested in a stranded geometry, (2) 2205 and 2304 are not susceptible to stress corrosion cracking, and (3) 2205 and 2304 are susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement. Efforts focused on the production of 2205 and 2304 prestressing strands showed that they could be produced as strands using existing ASTM A416 prestressing strand production facilities. Due to the ferromagnetic properties of 2205 and 2304, a low-relaxation heat treatment was found to be a viable option to reduce stress relaxation and improve mechanical properties. The overall conclusion of the study was that HSSSs, especially duplex grades 2205 and 2304, show excellent promise to mitigate corrosion if utilized as prestressing reinforcement in PSC structures exposed to severe marine environments.

Download or read book Influence of Material and Processing on Stress Corrosion Cracking of Prestressing Steel Case Studies written by fib Fédération internationale du béton and published by fib Fédération internationale du béton. This book was released on 2003 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report is a review of selected failures in concrete structures in which prestressing steels break in a brittle way due to stress corrosion cracking. Most cases are from the German experience over a period of about 30 years. Analysis of these failures shows that they are often due to an accumulation of causes such as poor design, errors during construction, careless detailing and, in some cases, use of unsuitable materials. This report will have achieved its purpose if it serves to avoid these past errors and encourages the development of new ways to protect, test and regulate prestressing steels. The report is complemented with comments on the properties and corrosion behaviour of different types of prestressing steels. The goal of the study is to provide objective arguments for the discussion of failures that have occurred due to corrosion induced failure of prestressing steel. In such a way the general regulation given in DIN with respect to reinforcement for robustness may eventually be proven inappropriate. The general building authority approval for prestressed hollow filler block floors already supports such an idea. It is well known that the hollow block floor industry works without any reinforcing steel. The regulations in the standards should not limit in particular the use of these types of prestressing steel (cold-formed wires, strands) which have proven not associated with any substantial failures cases reported in the last 35 years. The report reviews the historical development with respect to corrosion induced failure of prestressing steel. Concerning the circumstances of the failure examples, this review partly reflects a specific problem in Germany. Also reviewed are other known interregional examples of failure which are incorrectly attributed to the prestressed construction method. All cases considered are discussed and the failure reasons thoroughly evaluated, also with reference to the results of most recent research. Another question addressed is whether one should be concerned over corrosion induced retarded failure even when using new generation prestressing steel with correct corrosion protection. Finally a contribution to the following very important question is presented: Do the future prestressed structures possess enough safety against structural failure if they are constructed without reinforcement for robustness but otherwise comply completely with the design standards? To aid a better understanding of this short report on typical failure cases and their origins, the main conditions are set out for corrosion-induced failure of prestressing steel in technical applications. The properties of different types of prestressing steel and their application limits are given in a special section dealing with the influence of building materials on damage development. This report will be of interest to all involved in the construction process. Fundamental scientific discussion has been avoided by reference to well accredited detailed information in the technical literature.

Download or read book Stress corrosion Cracking of High strength Stainless Steels in Atmospheric Environments written by C. J. Slunder and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Stress corrosion Cracking written by Russell H. Jones and published by ASM International(OH). This book was released on 1992 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Details the many conditions under which stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) can occur, the parameters which control SCC, and the methodologies for mitigating and testing for SCC, plus information on mechanisms of SCC with experimental data on a variety of materials. Contains information about environmen

Download or read book Environmental and Metallurgical Factors of Stress corrosion Cracking in High strength Steels written by C. J. Slunder and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Stress Corrosion Cracking written by V S Raja and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-09-22 with total page 817 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The problem of stress corrosion cracking (SCC), which causes sudden failure of metals and other materials subjected to stress in corrosive environment(s), has a significant impact on a number of sectors including the oil and gas industries and nuclear power production. Stress corrosion cracking reviews the fundamentals of the phenomenon as well as examining stress corrosion behaviour in specific materials and particular industries. The book is divided into four parts. Part one covers the mechanisms of SCC and hydrogen embrittlement, while the focus of part two is on methods of testing for SCC in metals. Chapters in part three each review the phenomenon with reference to a specific material, with a variety of metals, alloys and composites discussed, including steels, titanium alloys and polymer composites. In part four, the effect of SCC in various industries is examined, with chapters covering subjects such as aerospace engineering, nuclear reactors, utilities and pipelines. With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Stress corrosion cracking is an essential reference for engineers and designers working with metals, alloys and polymers, and will be an invaluable tool for any industries in which metallic components are exposed to tension, corrosive environments at ambient and high temperatures. Examines the mechanisms of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) presenting recognising testing methods and materials resistant to SCC Assesses the effect of SCC on particular metals featuring steel, stainless steel, nickel-based alloys, magnesium alloys, copper-based alloys and welds in steels Reviews the monitoring and management of SCC and the affect of SCC in different industries such as petrochemical and aerospace

Download or read book Stress corrosion Cracking of Stainless Steel written by Myra S. Feldman and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 1346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Stress Corrosion Cracking in Newer Stainless Steel Grades written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Stress corrosion Cracking in High Strength Steels and in Titanium and Aluminum Alloys written by Benjamin Floyd Brown and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Stress corrosion Cracking and Hydrogen stress Cracking of High strength Steel written by Ellis E. Fletcher and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-strength steels are susceptible to delayed cracking under suitable conditions. Frequently such a brittle failure occurs at a stress that is only a fraction of the nominal yield strength. Considerable controversy exists over whether such failures result from two separate and distinct phenomena or whether there is but one mechanism called by two different names. Stress-corrosion cracking is the process in which a crack propagates, at least partially, by the stress induced corrosion of a susceptible metal at the advancing tip of the stress-corrosion crack. There is considerable evidence that this cracking results from the electrtrochemical corrosion of a metal subjected to tensile stresses, either residual or externally applied. Hydrogen-stress cracking is cracking which occurs as the result of hydrogen in the metal lattice in combination with tensile stresses. Hydrogen-stress cracking cannot occur if hydrogen is prevented from entering the steel, or if hydrogen that has entered during processing or service is removed before permanent damage has occurred. It is generally agreed that corrosion plays no part in the actual fracture mechanism. This report was prepared to point out wherein the two fracture mechanisms under consideration are similar and wherein they differ. From the evidence available today, the present authors have concluded that there are two distinct mechansims of delayed failure. (Author).

Download or read book Evaluation of Stress Corrosion Cracking of High nitrogen Cr Mn Stainless Steel written by Lungile Ngubekhaya Mginqi and published by . This book was released on 1997* with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Stress Corrosion Cracking Evaluation of Martensitic Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steels written by T. S. Humphries and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Stress Corrosion Cracking Evaluation of Several Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steels written by T. S. HUMPHRIES and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effect of zinc on prestressing steel written by fib Fédération internationale du béton and published by fib Fédération internationale du béton. This book was released on 2012-06-01 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concerns have been raised regarding the durability of galvanized prestressing steels in contact with cementitious grout, and regarding the use of galvanized ducts for grouted tendons or galvanized inserts or components in contact with prestressing steel inside concrete. These concerns are mainly based on the assumption that the hydrogen formed on the zinc surface when exposed to the fresh cementitious grout for a short period of time represents a risk of hydrogen induced stress corrosion for the prestressing steel. Basic research has demonstrated that hydrogen induced stress corrosion may indeed occur with prestressing steels which are sensitive to hydrogen induced stress corrosion. The use of galvanizing for high strength steels exposed to atmosphere is less controversial. However, under certain conditions hydrogen may develop also and potentially damage the high strength steel. This report provides a summary and evaluation of the relevant parameters on the corrosion behaviour of high strength wires, strands and bars when in contact with zinc with and without the presence of fresh cementitious grout or concrete. Both, tendons made of prestressing steels used in structural concrete and cables under atmospheric conditions are considered. The main groups of applications discussed in the report are: A Zinc-coated high strength steel for applications in atmospheric corrosion conditions B Zinc-coated prestressing steel embedded in fresh cementitious grout or concrete C Bare prestressing steel (no zinc coating) embedded in fresh cementitious grout or concrete in direct contact with, or indirect contact in the immediate vicinity of galvanized components embedded in the grout or concrete (e.g. galvanized ducts, galvanized reinforcing steel, galvanized fastenings / dowels, etc).

Download or read book Recent Developments in High strength Stainless Steels for Corrosion Mitigation in Prestressed Concrete written by Robert D. Moser and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: