Download or read book Strengthening the Nuclear Nonproliferation Regime written by Paul Vorbeck Lettow and published by Council on Foreign Relations. This book was released on 2010 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear technology has long been recognized as capable of both tremendous benefits and tremendous destruction. With this in mind, countries have devised international arrangements intended to promote peaceful nuclear applications while preventing the spread of materials, equipment, and technologies useful for producing nuclear weapons. Today, however, it is clear that this global nonproliferation regime is falling short. North Korea withdrew from the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) in 2003 and has since tested two nuclear devices. Iran, while still a party to the NPT, has developed the capacity to enrich significant amounts of uranium; many believe it is seeking to build nuclear weapons or at least attain the ability to do so. In addition, there is the challenge of facilitating the expansion of nuclear energy, something that could help reduce carbon emissions, while preventing countries from using related technologies for military purposes. Finally, the prevalence of nuclear materials only intensifies the fear that terrorist groups could acquire them through theft or a deliberate transfer from a state.Given these challenges, it is fitting that nuclear issues are near the top of today's foreign policy agenda. President Barack Obama organized a nuclear security summit in April to discuss ways to secure nuclear materials and reduce the threat of terrorism, and NPT signatories will gather in May for the five-yearly NPT review conference. The United States and Russia have reached a successor agreement calling for further reductions in their nuclear arsenals. And the United States and others continue to pursue both sanctions and negotiations with the aim of limiting Iran's nuclear capabilities.In this Council Special Report, Paul Lettow examines the shortcomings of the nonproliferation regime and proposes a comprehensive agenda to shore it up. He first explores the challenges facing current arrangements, chief among them the spread of enrichment and reprocessing technologies needed to produce fissile material. Lettow then makes a variety of recommendations. First, he calls for tighter sanctions on Iran with the goal of dissuading it from continuing its nuclear advances and discouraging others from following Tehran's path. To combat the spread of enrichment and reprocessing, the report urges the United States to lead nuclear suppliers in developing a system that would allow the sale of relevant equipment and technology only to countries that meet demanding criteria. As regards a potential multilateral nuclear fuel bank, the report argues for limiting participation to states that have a strong nonproliferation record and agree not to make their own nuclear fuel. Lettow further recommends a larger budget, more authority, and various policy changes for the International Atomic Energy Agency so that it can better detect dangerous violations of nonproliferation agreements. Finally, he urges a series of steps in the United Nations Security Council to punish violators and deal with countries that seek to withdraw from the NPT while in noncompliance with their obligations.Strengthening the Nuclear Nonproliferation Regime provides an authoritative look at today's nuclear-related concerns and what can be done to address them. With its thoughtful analysis and comprehensive recommendations, it makes a strong contribution on a subject of vital importance. And given the challenges now testing the nonproliferation regime, as well as the issue's prominence in the foreign policy debate, the report could not come at a better time.

Download or read book Strengthening the NPT and the Nuclear Non Proliferation Regime written by Hans Blix and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Strengthening Nuclear Nonproliferation written by Kathleen C Bailey and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-06-26 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the components of the nuclear non-proliferation regime and policies which have been suggested as means to strengthen it. It discusses alternatives that might lower the likelihood of further proliferation and help reduce the nuclear arms and capabilities of proliferant states.

Download or read book Strengthening the Nuclear Non proliferation Regime written by France and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Strengthening the Nonproliferation Regime written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book At the Precipice of Collapse Strengthening the Nonproliferation Regime Through Comprehensive Arms Control Initiatives written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TITLE: At the Precipice of Collapse: Strengthening the Nonproliferation Regime through Comprehensive Arms Control Initiatives AUTHOR: LCDR Michael Concannon, United States Navy THESIS: The U.S. must leverage its responsibility, experience and leadership to restore confidence in the nonproliferation regime through comprehensive arms control initiatives that include actions to ratify the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty and negotiate a verifiable and binding Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty. DISCUSSION: The nuclear nonproliferation regime is near collapse due to a lack of confidence it its ability to stop proliferation. The collapse of the regime is a direct threat to U.S. national security. The proliferation of nuclear materials and technology increases the threat of nuclear terrorism, threatens regional stability and threatens international security. Combating nuclear terrorism and supporting the nonproliferation regime is an international problem that requires U.S. leadership. The key to achieving this cooperation is a set of comprehensive arms control initiatives that seek a tempered reduction in nuclear arsenals and acknowledge the groundswell of international support for the normative disarmament standard. CONCLUSION: The nonproliferation regime can be strengthened through a U.S. policy of graduated disarmament. Negotiating a new Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty that abolishes tactical nuclear weapons, provides for the collective defense of Europe from ballistic missiles and reduces total arsenal levels to a 'parity plus' level of 1000 warheads is the first step toward this effort. Ratifying the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty is another significant step that supports efforts to restore confidence in the nonproliferation regime. A renewed U.S. commitment to tackle challenging arms control and nonproliferation issues will validate the efficacy of the nonproliferation regime and spark renewed international commitment to proliferation prevention.

Download or read book Priority Steps to Strengthen the Nonproliferation Regime written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The international community must reject the passive notion that more countries are unavoidably destined to acquire nuclear weapons, and instead must implement further measures to dissuade and deter non-nuclear weapon states from seeking such weapons, argues Visiting Scholar Pierre Goldschmidt in Priority Steps to Strengthen the Nonproliferation Regime, a new Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Policy Outlook. Goldschmidt advocates that current Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT) obligations already exist to deter nuclear weapons development, yet the international community must become more demanding in their enforcement. "The incapacity ... over thirteen years to take any dissuasive measure against North Korea's nuclear weapons program until it was too late has considerably undermined the nuclear nonproliferation regime," he writes. "This weakness is the result of some nuclear weapon states choosing to delay or oppose reasonable enforcement measures." In addition to expanding and implementing the recommendations recently made by the Secretariat of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to its Board of Governors, Goldschmidt recommends the adoption of additional measures to better address circumstances of non-compliance with IAEA safeguards agreements. "The most effective, unbiased, and feasible way to establish a legal basis for the necessary verification measures in circumstances of non-compliance is for the United Nations Security Council to adopt a 'generic' (i.e., not state specific) and legally biding resolution stating that if a state is reported by the IAEA to be in non-compliance, a standard set of actions would result."

Download or read book Interpreting the Nuclear Non Proliferation Treaty written by Daniel H. Joyner and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011-05-26 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1968 Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty has proven the most complicated and controversial of all arms control treaties, both in principle and in practice. Statements of nuclear-weapon States from the Cold War to the present, led by the United States, show a disproportionate prioritization of the non-proliferation pillar of the Treaty, and an unwarranted underprioritization of the civilian energy development and disarmament pillars of the treaty. This book argues that the way in which nuclear-weapon States have interpreted the Treaty has laid the legal foundation for a number of policies related to trade in civilian nuclear energy technologies and nuclear weapons disarmament. These policies circumscribe the rights of non-nuclear-weapon States under Article IV of the Treaty by imposing conditions on the supply of civilian nuclear technologies. They also provide for the renewal and maintaintenance, and in some cases further development of the nuclear weapons arsenals of nuclear-weapon States. The book provides a legal analysis of this trend in treaty interpretation by nuclear-weapon States and the policies for which it has provided legal justification. It argues, through a close and systematic examination of the Treaty by reference to the rules of treaty interpretation found in the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, that this disproportionate prioritization of the non-proliferation pillar of the Treaty leads to erroneous legal interpretations in light of the original balance of principles underlying the Treaty, prejudicing the legitimate legal interests of non-nuclear-weapon States.

Download or read book Strengthening the Nonproliferation Regime written by Paul M. Youchak and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The resurgence of global interest in nuclear energy is fueled by growing energy demands, concerns of global warming, and the desire to diversify energy supply. In order for the nuclear renaissance to be safely realized, a number of concerns must first be addressed. Foremost among them are the dual-use nature of nuclear technology and the spread of nuclear weapons. As small nuclear power programs expand and new states introduce nuclear power into their electricity grid, states must decide whether or not to develop indigenous enrichment and reprocessing facilities that may be misused for a weapons program. One of the must discussed instruments to strengthen the nonproliferation regime and limit the dangerous spread of sensitive fuel cycle technologies is the multilateralzation of the nuclear fuel cycle. Through multilateral mechanisms, multilateral arrangements to the nuclear fuel cycle attempt to limit the spread of fuel cycle technologies by removing the incentives to do so. Concepts and proposals for multilateral arrangements have been around since the advent of nuclear energy in the 1940s but have received a lukewarm response from the international community. It is postulated that this response is driven by difficulties multilateral arrangements have in addressing all of the motivations for the establishment of fuel cycle facilities. An investigation is presented within to detail the most powerful motivations that multilateral arrangements may have been overlooking to this date. In order to achieve this, three case studies are performed to uncover the most powerful motivations for the development of fuel cycle facilities. The motivations are complex and include a variety of economic, political, and potentially proliferation related incentives. Brazil, South Korea, and Iran are chosen for the case studies because they are currently in the process of introducing sensitive facilities into their nuclear fuel cycles, or are strongly considering it. Following the description of the various motivations for the pursuit of sensitive fuel cycle facilities, an analysis is provided to determine which, if any, of the proposed multilateral arrangements are in best position to be successfully implemented. The study found that the establishment of regional nuclear fuel cycle facilities and centers offers the greatest potential to strengthen the nonproliferation regime by targeting the state's political power incentives. Supply assurances do not address the needs of any of the studied states, indicating they are not applicable to well-developed nuclear power states or those in possession fuel cycle technologies. Supply assurances do however, provide strong confidence building measures in the establishment of regional fuel cycles. Lastly, the development of multilateral spent-fuel repositories may be the most sure-fired way to prevent the spread of reprocessing facilities.

Download or read book Priority Steps to Strengthen the Nonproliferation Regime written by Pierre Goldschmidt and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The greater the number of states possessing nuclear weapons, the greater the risk that one day, by design or accident, they will be used by a state or a non-state actor with catastrophic consequences. The international community must therefore reject the recent tendency to accept the idea that, sooner or later, more countries will possess nuclear weapons, and that we can do nothing to stop it. There are more steps that can be taken to "dissuade" and "deter" non-nuclear weapons states (NNWS) from acquiring such weapons, if the international community -- particularly the nuclear states -- make this a higher priority other than in words.

Download or read book Enhancing India s Role in the Global Nonproliferation Regime written by Lisa Curtis and published by CSIS. This book was released on 2010 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the major objectives of the U.S.-India civil nuclear deal was to bring India within the international nuclear nonproliferation regime by giving it both the rights and responsibilities broadly equivalent to those of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) member states, without requiring it to officially sign the treaty. This allows India to maintain its nuclear weapons deterrent and to obtain access to civilian nuclear technology and fuel. By the same token, the U.S.-India civil nuclear deal and the Nuclear Suppliers Group exemption compel India to commit to the same nonproliferation standards as those expected from other nuclear-armed NPT member states. This should involve India cooperating more closely with and eventually joining the four major nonproliferation groups: the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG), the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR), the Australia Group (AG), and the Wassenaar Arrangement.

Download or read book Strengthening the Nonproliferation Regime written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Policy Brief written by Jonathan Granoff and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fact Sheet on Strengthening Arms Control and Nonproliferation written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a welcome and much-needed shift from the policies of the Bush administration, both presumptive nominees for President in 2008 have stated that they intend to strengthen the global nonproliferation regime and pursue further legally binding and verifiable reductions in the number of U.S. and Russian nuclear weapons. In order to achieve progress on effective nuclear arms control and nonproliferation, the next President will need to construct a bureaucratic structure that enhances the capacity of the United States to pursue bold measures.

Download or read book Nonproliferation Norms written by Maria Rost Rublee and published by University of Georgia Press. This book was released on 2010-01-25 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Too often, our focus on the relative handful of countries with nuclear weapons keeps us from asking an important question: Why do so many more states not have such weapons? More important, what can we learn from these examples of nuclear restraint? Maria Rost Rublee argues that in addition to understanding a state's security environment, we must appreciate the social forces that influence how states conceptualize the value of nuclear weapons. Much of what Rublee says also applies to other weapons of mass destruction, as well as national security decision making in general. The nuclear nonproliferation movement has created an international social environment that exerts a variety of normative pressures on how state elites and policymakers think about nuclear weapons. Within a social psychology framework, Rublee examines decision making about nuclear weapons in five case studies: Japan, Egypt, Libya, Sweden, and Germany. In each case, Rublee considers the extent to which nuclear forbearance resulted from persuasion (genuine transformation of preferences), social conformity (the desire to maximize social benefits and/or minimize social costs, without a change in underlying preferences), or identification (the desire or habit of following the actions of an important other). The book offers bold policy prescriptions based on a sharpened knowledge of the many ways we transmit and process nonproliferation norms. The social mechanisms that encourage nonproliferation-and the regime that created them-must be preserved and strengthened, Rublee argues, for without them states that have exercised nuclear restraint may rethink their choices.

Download or read book Signing Away the Bomb written by Jeffrey M. Kaplow and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2024-03-21 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For more than fifty years, the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) and the wider nuclear nonproliferation regime have worked to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons. Analysts and pundits have often viewed the regime with skepticism, repeatedly warning that it is on the brink of collapse, and the NPT lacks many of the characteristics usually seen in effective international institutions. Nevertheless, the treaty continues to enjoy near-universal membership and high levels of compliance. This is the first book to explain why the nonproliferation regime has been so successful, bringing to bear declassified documents, new data on regime membership and weapons pursuit, and a variety of analytic approaches. It offers important new insights for scholars of nuclear proliferation and international security institutions, and for policymakers seeking to strengthen the nonproliferation regime and tighten international constraints on the spread of nuclear weapons.

Download or read book Strengthening the Non proliferation R gime written by Frank Barnaby and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: