Download or read book Stream Temperature Monitoring and Modeling to Inform Restoration written by Jessica R. Wood and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water temperature is an important variable for aquatic ecosystems. Salmonid population numbers and distribution are heavily influenced by stream temperature, and there is growing concern about the health of salmonid populations with anticipated climate change. Managers are looking to efficiently evaluate options to maintain stream temperatures needed by salmonids. This study evaluated and compared stream temperature restoration alternatives in two streams with warm temperatures using stream temperature monitoring and modeling. The first study identified pockets of cold water that are important to native fish species in Nevada’s Walker River. Comparison of monitoring results with existing basin-scale model outputs identified two habitat features, beaver dams and irrigation return flow channels, that maximize stream temperature variability. Restoration should maintain and enhance these features, although different restoration approaches may be needed at different locations. This study may provide guidance for the interpretation of stream temperature results from other basin-scale models. The second study quantified stream temperature effects of wildfire and restoration plantings in Oregon’s Meadow Creek with current and projected mid-21st century climate. A stream temperature model developed and applied using Heat Source found restoration eliminated days above the lethal threshold (25 oC) for salmonids and decreased the number of days exceeding spawning criteria during spawning periods. Days exceeding salmonid spawning (13 oC) and rearing (18 oC) thresholds were reduced by all vegetation restoration scenarios, but eliminated by none. Results highlights the importance of the length and location of restoration, which can maximize pockets of cold water for salmonids or alleviate the impact of warm water sections.
Download or read book Water Temperature Modeling in Streams to Support Ecological Restoration written by Nathaniel L Butler and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water temperature is a critical water quality parameter that affects salmonid survival by influencing its metabolism and growth at all life stages. Stream temperature is an especially important parameter in California rivers where it frequently limits the range of salmonids. Anthropogenic activities have increased stream temperature and degraded spawning, holding, and rearing habitats, and this has contributed to declines in salmonid populations in California. Fisheries managers have a range of analytical and empirical tools available to assess and quantify elevated stream temperature conditions, but many of these tools do not focus on water temperature conditions at the spatial and temporal scales important to salmonids. My research focuses on assessing water temperature at the watershed and upwelling hyporheic scale which are critical to salmonid survival as stream temperature approaches thermal tolerances. I developed a model to calculate water temperature at locations throughout a watershed to provide a method to evaluate the availability and connectivity of suitable thermal habitat throughout a stream network. The model used a linear weighted average of the maximum and minimum air temperatures of the current and 4 prior days. The weighting parameter is dependent upon upstream drainage area enabling the application of the model to both small tributaries and large mainstem streams. I used historical data from the Sonoma Creek, Napa River, and Russian River watersheds to develop, test, calibrate, and partially validate the model. Model results from Sonoma Creek and Napa River indicated it was generally able to estimate daily average water temperature within 1.5 degrees C of the observed water temperature. Data from the Russian River highlighted the model was limited to streams without significant hydrologic modifications or geologic constraints that forced groundwater to the surface. A 1-D advection dispersion heat transport model was developed to quantify the upwelling hyporheic temperature that provides cold water thermal refugia along a streambed for salmonids. I analyzed hyporheic temperature measured at five sites in a previous research program across sixteen kilometers of Deer Creek near Vina, California, to test, calibrate, and partially validate the model. At three sites, I found the 1-D advection and dispersion were the dominant heat transport mechanisms with model root mean square error less than 0.6 degrees C. At two sites, the model was not applicable because modeling results indicated that surface flow rate variations, solar radiation, and multi-day flow paths also influenced the upwelling hyporheic temperature. Modeling was valuable for highlighting the contribution of these additional processes from that of 1-D advection dispersion. The availability of monitoring data over the summer-fall period was essential for modeling upwelling temperature dynamics along a semi-natural channel.
Download or read book Monitoring River Restoration Using Fiber Optic Temperature Measurements in a Modeling Framework written by Julie A. Huff and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Middle Fork of the John Day River (MFJD) in Northeastern Oregon contains important spawning grounds for spring Chinook and summer steelhead of the Columbia River Basin. In the summer of 2008 phase one of a river restoration project was completed which included the addition of engineered log jams (ELJs) and scour pools. The restoration focuses on increasing habitat diversity and decreasing peak summer temperatures which, perhaps, had been degraded due to anthropogenic activities such as dredge mining, cattle grazing, channelization and deforestation. This study utilized Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) technology to measure the temperature the MFJD study site before and after restoration during the summer of 2008. The temperature data along with other physical and climatic data were modeled using a physically based stream temperature model which incorporated groundwater inflows and an average depth of hyporheic exchange over the entire study reach. The root mean square errors for the pre- and post-restoration model are 0.57°C and 0.47°C, respectively. An average depth of the thermal mass associated with hyporheic exchange was calculated within the model to be 11m for pre- restoration and 1.6m for post-restoration. It is unclear as to whether the hyporheic exchange increased due to restoration or is an artifact of high flows during the pre-restoration period. A statistical analysis was completed on the longitudinal temperature profiles of the MFJD to identify lengths of the river whose temperatures are different upstream and downstream. Groundwater inflow was defined as locations with cooler day time and night time temperatures than the surroundings whereas hyporheic discharge was defined as locations with cooler day time temperatures but warmer night time temperature than the surroundings. Statistically significant locations were highlighted for both pre- and post-restoration and equated to an average decrease in local temperature of 0.08°C pre-restoration and 1.18°C post-restoration. This equates to 0.004 m3/s and 0.012 m3/s of groundwater inflow for pre- and post-restoration, respectively. Again, these differences could be artifacts of high flows during pre-restoration and cannot conclusively be linked to the restoration efforts. However, the largest groundwater inflow (0.004 m3/s) can be associated with one ELJ structure and its corresponding scour pool.
Download or read book Ecological Restoration written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Review of the New York City Watershed Protection Program written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-12-04 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New York City's municipal water supply system provides about 1 billion gallons of drinking water a day to over 8.5 million people in New York City and about 1 million people living in nearby Westchester, Putnam, Ulster, and Orange counties. The combined water supply system includes 19 reservoirs and three controlled lakes with a total storage capacity of approximately 580 billion gallons. The city's Watershed Protection Program is intended to maintain and enhance the high quality of these surface water sources. Review of the New York City Watershed Protection Program assesses the efficacy and future of New York City's watershed management activities. The report identifies program areas that may require future change or action, including continued efforts to address turbidity and responding to changes in reservoir water quality as a result of climate change.
Download or read book Instream Flow and Habitat Restoration Investigations for the Upper Owens River Mono County California written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Influence of Land Cover on Stream Temperature written by Kathryn Levine Hofmeister and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Interior Environment and Related Agencies Appropriations for 2014 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 1198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Monitoring Restoration in South Sister Creek written by Alessandra Greer Harewood and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This pilot study of South Sister Creek (8 km length) examined stream-scale (i.e., longitudinal trends) and sub-reach scale (less than 100 m) water temperature. Hourly summer temperature time-series data were gathered at four to seven locations along South Sister Creek in 2006, 2012, and 2013 and were used to explore whether restoration projects (in 2007 to 2011) affected stream temperature. Calculated seven-day maximum temperatures were cooler in post-treatment years (2012 and 2013) than the pre-treatment year (2006) at all four multi-year sites with the greatest differences near the mouth of the creek (4 to 5oC cooler). While median stream temperature values were highest in 2013 for all four of the multi-year sites, the upper quartiles of measured hourly temperature for 2006 compared to 2012 and 2013 indicated more extreme high temperatures in 2006 than in subsequent years. Cross-correlation between stream and air temperature were used as an indicator of hyporheic flow. All peak CCF coefficients indicated a strong (.70) positive correlation in the early summer period between air and stream temperature, with lags ranging from 3 to 6 hours between peak air temperature and peak stream temperature. In the late summer period, most sites demonstrated lower correlations and longer lag times, patterns consistent with greater groundwater influence during low summer flows. There was no observable difference between pre- and post-treatment air-stream temperature cross correlation relationships. At a sub-reach scale, sites with more in-stream structural complexity -- including designed structures -- displayed greater spatial temperature variability than bedrock dominated reaches with simpler geomorphology.
Download or read book Interior Environment and Related Agencies Appropriations for 2016 Part 4 A 2015 114 1 written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 1180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Interior Environment and Related Agencies Appropriations for 2016 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 1196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Thermal Adaptation written by Michael J. Angilletta Jr. and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-01-29 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Temperature profoundly impacts both the phenotypes and distributions of organisms. These thermal effects exert strong selective pressures on behaviour, physiology and life history when environmental temperatures vary over space and time. Despite temperature's significance, progress toward a quantitative theory of thermal adaptation has lagged behind empirical descriptions of patterns and processes. In this book, the author draws on theory from the more general discipline of evolutionary ecology to establish a framework for interpreting empirical studies of thermal biology. This novel synthesis of theoretical and empirical work generates new insights about the process of thermal adaptation and points the way towards a more general theory. The threat of rapid climatic change on a global scale provides a stark reminder of the challenges that remain for thermal biologists and adds a sense of urgency to this book's mission. Thermal Adaptation will benefit anyone who seeks to understand the relationship between environmental variation and phenotypic evolution. The book focuses on quantitative evolutionary models at the individual, population and community levels, and successfully integrates this theory with modern empirical approaches. By providing a synthetic overview of evolutionary thermal biology, this accessible text will appeal to both graduate students and established researchers in the fields of comparative, ecological, and evolutionary physiology. It will also interest the broader audience of professional ecologists and evolutionary biologists who require a comprehensive review of this topic, as well as those researchers working on the applied problems of regional and global climate change.
Download or read book Framework for Regional Coordinated Monitoring in the Middle and Upper Deschutes River Basin Oregon written by Chauncey W. Anderson and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stream and Watershed Restoration written by Philip Roni and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-09-18 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With $2 billion spent annually on stream restoration worldwide, there is a pressing need for guidance in this area, but until now, there was no comprehensive text on the subject. Filling that void, this unique text covers both new and existing information following a stepwise approach on theory, planning, implementation, and evaluation methods for the restoration of stream habitats. Comprehensively illustrated with case studies from around the world, Stream and Watershed Restoration provides a systematic approach to restoration programs suitable for graduate and upper-level undergraduate courses on stream or watershed restoration or as a reference for restoration practitioners and fisheries scientists. Part of the Advancing River Restoration and Management Series. Additional resources for this book can be found at: www.wiley.com/go/roni/streamrestoration.
Download or read book Stream Corridor Restoration written by and published by National Technical Info Svc. This book was released on 1998 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document is a cooperative effort among fifteen Federal agencies and partners to produce a common reference on stream corridor restoration. It responds to a growing national and international interest in restoring stream corridors.
Download or read book Timbered Rock Fire Salvage and Elk Creek Watershed Restoration Environmental Impact Statement written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stream Restoration in Dynamic Fluvial Systems written by Andrew Simon and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-05-08 with total page 939 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 194. Stream Restoration in Dynamic Fluvial Systems: Scientific Approaches, Analyses, and Tools brings together leading contributors in stream restoration science to provide comprehensive consideration of process-based approaches, tools, and applications of techniques useful for the implementation of sustainable restoration strategies. Stream restoration is a catchall term for modifications to streams and adjacent riparian zones undertaken to improve geomorphic and/or ecologic function, structure, and integrity of river corridors, and it has become a multibillion dollar industry. A vigorous debate currently exists in research and professional communities regarding the approaches, applications, and tools most effective in designing, implementing, and assessing stream restoration strategies given a multitude of goals, objectives, stakeholders, and boundary conditions. More importantly, stream restoration as a research-oriented academic discipline is, at present, lagging stream restoration as a rapidly evolving, practitioner-centric endeavor. The volume addresses these main areas: concepts in stream restoration, river mechanics and the use of hydraulic structures, modeling in restoration design, ecology, ecologic indices, and habitat, geomorphic approaches to stream and watershed management, and sediment considerations in stream restoration. Stream Restoration in Dynamic Fluvial Systems will appeal to scholars, professionals, and government agency and institute researchers involved in examining river flow processes, river channel changes and improvements, watershed processes, and landscape systematics.
