Download or read book Stratospheric Temperature Variation Over the Tropical Pacific written by Hugo De la Cruz and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Temperature variations in the lower stratosphere over the tropical Pacific were studied in detail. Seasonal temperature maps for the 100, 50, and 25 mb levels were drawn for the period 1956 through 1959. Monthly temperature variations along the meridians 140 and 170 degrees E were studied. Charts of the annual variation of average temperatures were made for s l c d s ations. Time sections of the temperature fieldAND WINDS ALONG THE TWO SELECTED MERIDIVELS 150 TO 25 MB. Results indicate that there is a seasonal variation of temperature with minimum temperatures occurring during January or February in the lower equatorial stratosphere. Over the equatorial areas, there appears to be some relationship between stratospheric temperature variations and zonal wind reversals at 50 mb. Harmonic analysis reveals that, at 50 and 25 mb levels over thns were compared. Harmonic analysis on the temperature data of several stations was done for levels 150 to 25 mb. Results indicate that there is a seasonal variation of temperature with minimum temperatures occurring during January or February in the lower equatorial stratosphere. Over the equatorial areas, there appears to be some relationship between stratospheric temperature variations and zonal wind reversals at 50 mb. Harmonic analysis reveals that, at 50 and 25 mb levels over the equatorial Pacific, the period of the temperature fluctuation is dominated by a 26- or 24-month period and an annual period, but at 100 mb the annual period is dominant. (Author).
Download or read book Stratospheric Temperature Variations Over the Tropical Pacific written by Hugo Santa De la Cruz and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Temperature variations in the lower stratosphere over the tropical Pacific were studied in detail. Seasonal temperature maps for the 100, 50, and 25 mb levels were drawn for the period 1956 through 1959. Monthly temperature variations along the meridians 140 and 170 degrees E were studied. Charts of the annual variation of average temperatures were made for s l c d s ations. Time sections of the temperature fieldAND WINDS ALONG THE TWO SELECTED MERIDIVELS 150 TO 25 MB. Results indicate that there is a seasonal variation of temperature with minimum temperatures occurring during January or February in the lower equatorial stratosphere. Over the equatorial areas, there appears to be some relationship between stratospheric temperature variations and zonal wind reversals at 50 mb. Harmonic analysis reveals that, at 50 and 25 mb levels over thns were compared. Harmonic analysis on the temperature data of several stations was done for levels 150 to 25 mb. Results indicate that there is a seasonal variation of temperature with minimum temperatures occurring during January or February in the lower equatorial stratosphere. Over the equatorial areas, there appears to be some relationship between stratospheric temperature variations and zonal wind reversals at 50 mb. Harmonic analysis reveals that, at 50 and 25 mb levels over the equatorial Pacific, the period of the temperature fluctuation is dominated by a 26- or 24-month period and an annual period, but at 100 mb the annual period is dominant. (Author).
Download or read book An Analysis of the Daily March of Temperature in the Free Atmosphere Over the Western Tropical Pacific written by Mark P. Steinberg and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Stratosphere written by L. M. Polvani and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-04-30 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 190. The Stratosphere: Dynamics, Transport, and Chemistry is the first volume in 20 years that offers a comprehensive review of the Earth's stratosphere, increasingly recognized as an important component of the climate system. The volume addresses key advances in our understanding of the stratospheric circulation and transport and summarizes the last two decades of research to provide a concise yet comprehensive overview of the state of the field. This monograph reviews many important aspects of the dynamics, transport, and chemistry of the stratosphere by some of the world's leading experts, including up-to-date discussions of Dynamics of stratospheric polar vortices Chemistry and dynamics of the ozone hole Role of solar variability in the stratosphere Effect of gravity waves in the stratosphere Importance of atmospheric annular modes This volume will be of interest to graduate students and scientists who wish to learn more about the stratosphere. It will also be useful to atmospheric science departments as a textbook for classes on the stratosphere.
Download or read book Middle Atmosphere Dynamics written by David G. Andrews and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-07-21 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students in atmospheric, oceanic, and climate science, Atmosphere, Ocean and Climate Dynamics is an introductory textbook on the circulations of the atmosphere and ocean and their interaction, with an emphasis on global scales. It will give students a good grasp of what the atmosphere and oceans look like on the large-scale and why they look that way. The role of the oceans in climate and paleoclimate is also discussed. The combination of observations, theory and accompanying illustrative laboratory experiments sets this text apart by making it accessible to students with no prior training in meteorology or oceanography. * Written at a mathematical level that is appealing for undergraduates and beginning graduate students * Provides a useful educational tool through a combination of observations and laboratory demonstrations which can be viewed over the web * Contains instructions on how to reproduce the simple but informative laboratory experiments * Includes copious problems (with sample answers) to help students learn the material.
Download or read book The Role of the Stratosphere in Global Change written by Marie-Lise Chanin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 563 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientists concerned with the processes occurring in the stratosphere are becoming more and more aware of the role that the stratosphere may play in the global climate and in global change in general. This book focuses on the basic processes taking place in the stratosphere and on the stratospheric changes which may occur from either natural or anthropogenic forcing. Of major concern here is the consequence of the increasing Antarctic Ozone Hole and the possibility of similar processes occurring at northern latitudes. One of the expected consequences of the change in the stratospheric composition, mainly ozone depletion, is the change in the penetration of UV-B in the troposphere, at the surface, and in the top layers of the ocean. Monitoring and modeling of those changes are still in infancy, even though the implications may be of utmost importance for the entire biosphere. Several aspects of these consequences with regard to aquatic ecosystems, terrestrial vegetation and human health are presented by experts in these fields.
Download or read book U S Government Research Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mechanisms of Tropical Pacific Climate Change written by Pedro Di Nezio and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mechanisms of tropical Pacific climate variability and change are studied in numerical experiments of future anthropogenic global warming (AGW), the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) 21,000 years ago, and decadal variability (PDV). According to these mechanisms the equatorial Pacific does not become either El Niño- or La Niña-like as the tropics warm up in response to increasing greenhouse gases. Because humidity increases much faster than precipitation as the tropical atmosphere warms up, theory and models anticipate a slowing-down of the Walker circulation in order to keep a balanced flow of water vapor into areas of convection. On long time scales characteristic of climate change, ocean dynamics oppose these changes in the Walker circulation. First, equatorial adjustment theory indicates that changes in the Walker circulation are not amplified via the Bjerknes feedback, as during El Niño or La Niña events. Second, during AGW, the ocean becomes more thermally stratified resulting in enhanced cooling of the equatorial cold tongue opposing the warming there. These ideas can be applied to interpret proxies of the LGM for which El Niño and La Niña analogies have been made. However, the LGM tropics are not an opposite analogue to future AGW because the Walker circulation is also sensitive to changes in the geography of the Maritime continent associated with lower sea level. Models simulate a stronger Walker circulation when the tropics cool in order to compensate for the decrease in moisture due to a cooler/drier atmosphere. However, this response is opposed by a weakening of the ascending branch of the Walker circulation because convection is suppressed over vast areas of the Maritime Continent exposed due to lower sea level. In general, the patterns of warming or cooling for AGW and LGM are not El Niño- or La Niña-like because of the opposing mechanisms presented here. As such, adherence to an ENSO analogy for interpreting tropical Pacific climate change can lead to serious misconceptions. However, proxies of the thermocline tilt can provide unequivocal evidence of changes in the Walker circulation because the pressure gradient associated with the thermocline tilt has to be in balance with the trade winds at all timescales.
Download or read book Stratospheric Temperature Variations written by Allen E. Cole and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sources of Uncertainty in the Tropical Pacific Warming Pattern under Global Warming Projected by Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Models written by Jun Ying and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-06 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the sources of uncertainty in future model projections of the tropical Pacific SST warming pattern under global warming. It mainly focuses on cloud radiation feedback and ocean dynamical effect, which reveal to be the two greatest sources of uncertainty in the tropical Pacific SST warming pattern. Moreover, the book presents a correction for model projections of the tropical Pacific SST warming pattern based on the concept of “observational constraints”; the corrected projection exhibits a more El Niño-like warming pattern.
Download or read book Technical Publications Announcements with Indexes written by United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 1556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Decade to Century Scale Climate Variability and Change written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-12-24 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Society today may be more vulnerable to global-scale, long-term, climate change than ever before. Even without any human influence, past records show that climate can be expected to continue to undergo considerable change over decades to centuries. Measures for adaption and mitigation will call for policy decisions based on a sound scientific foundation. Better understanding and prediction of climate variations can be achieved most efficiently through a nationally recognized "dec-cen" science plan. This book articulates the scientific issues that must be addressed to advance us efficiently toward that understanding and outlines the data collection and modeling needed.
Download or read book Plant Virus Vector written by S. Mukhopadhyay and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-11-19 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stressing the key role vectors play spread of virus diseases, this volume represents the priorities in practical plant virus research and ways in which their control or management should be sought through an understanding of the practical and environmental aspects of the interactions of viruses with their vectors and their environment. It provides
Download or read book El Ni o Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate written by Michael J. McPhaden and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-11-24 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive and up-to-date information on Earth’s most dominant year-to-year climate variation The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the Pacific Ocean has major worldwide social and economic consequences through its global scale effects on atmospheric and oceanic circulation, marine and terrestrial ecosystems, and other natural systems. Ongoing climate change is projected to significantly alter ENSO's dynamics and impacts. El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate presents the latest theories, models, and observations, and explores the challenges of forecasting ENSO as the climate continues to change. Volume highlights include: Historical background on ENSO and its societal consequences Review of key El Niño (ENSO warm phase) and La Niña (ENSO cold phase) characteristics Mathematical description of the underlying physical processes that generate ENSO variations Conceptual framework for understanding ENSO changes on decadal and longer time scales, including the response to greenhouse gas forcing ENSO impacts on extreme ocean, weather, and climate events, including tropical cyclones, and how ENSO affects fisheries and the global carbon cycle Advances in modeling, paleo-reconstructions, and operational climate forecasting Future projections of ENSO and its impacts Factors influencing ENSO events, such as inter-basin climate interactions and volcanic eruptions The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals. Find out more about this book from this Q&A with the editors.
Download or read book Atmospheric Transport Processes written by Elmar R. Reiter and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book ESSA Libraries Holdings in Oceanography and Marine Meteorology 1710 1967 Bibliography written by United States. Environmental Science Services Administration. Scientific Information and Documentation Division and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Climate Extremes written by S.-Y. Simon Wang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-06-15 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although we are seeing more weather and climate extremes, individual extreme events are very diverse and generalization of trends is difficult. For example, mid-latitude and subtropical climate extremes such as heat waves, hurricanes and droughts have increased, and could have been caused by processes including arctic amplification, jet stream meandering, and tropical expansion. This volume documents various climate extreme events and associated changes that have been analyzed through diagnostics, modeling, and statistical approaches. The identification of patterns and mechanisms can aid the prediction of future extreme events. Volume highlights include: Compilation of processes and mechanisms unique to individual weather and climate extreme events Discussion of climate model performance in terms of simulating high-impact weather and climate extremes Summary of various existing theories, including controversial ones, on how climate extremes will continue to become stronger and more frequent Climate Extremes: Patterns and Mechanisms is a valuable resource for scientists and graduate students in the fields of geophysics, climate physics, natural hazards, and environmental science. Read an interview with the editors to find out more: https://eos.org/editors-vox/how-does-changing-climate-bring-more-extreme-events
