Download or read book The Circulation of the Stratosphere written by Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Planetary Circulations Project and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stratospheric Circulation written by Willis L. Webb and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Stratosphere written by L. M. Polvani and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-04-30 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 190. The Stratosphere: Dynamics, Transport, and Chemistry is the first volume in 20 years that offers a comprehensive review of the Earth's stratosphere, increasingly recognized as an important component of the climate system. The volume addresses key advances in our understanding of the stratospheric circulation and transport and summarizes the last two decades of research to provide a concise yet comprehensive overview of the state of the field. This monograph reviews many important aspects of the dynamics, transport, and chemistry of the stratosphere by some of the world's leading experts, including up-to-date discussions of Dynamics of stratospheric polar vortices Chemistry and dynamics of the ozone hole Role of solar variability in the stratosphere Effect of gravity waves in the stratosphere Importance of atmospheric annular modes This volume will be of interest to graduate students and scientists who wish to learn more about the stratosphere. It will also be useful to atmospheric science departments as a textbook for classes on the stratosphere.
Download or read book Stratospheric and Mesospheric Circulation written by A. L. Kats and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Some Aspects of Stratospheric Circulation Derived from Meteorological Rocket Firings Over the United States During the Winter of 1961 written by Mohammad Rahmatullah and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stratospheric and Mesospheric Circulation Translated from Russian by I Shechtman written by Abram L'vovich Kats and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Role of the Stratosphere in Global Change written by Marie-Lise Chanin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 563 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientists concerned with the processes occurring in the stratosphere are becoming more and more aware of the role that the stratosphere may play in the global climate and in global change in general. This book focuses on the basic processes taking place in the stratosphere and on the stratospheric changes which may occur from either natural or anthropogenic forcing. Of major concern here is the consequence of the increasing Antarctic Ozone Hole and the possibility of similar processes occurring at northern latitudes. One of the expected consequences of the change in the stratospheric composition, mainly ozone depletion, is the change in the penetration of UV-B in the troposphere, at the surface, and in the top layers of the ocean. Monitoring and modeling of those changes are still in infancy, even though the implications may be of utmost importance for the entire biosphere. Several aspects of these consequences with regard to aquatic ecosystems, terrestrial vegetation and human health are presented by experts in these fields.
Download or read book The Atmospheric General Circulation written by John M. Wallace and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2023-03-31 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An engaging, comprehensive, richly illustrated advanced undergraduate and graduate level textbook about the atmospheric general circulation, written by leading researchers. This textbook relates fundamental theoretical principles to observations, and contains extensive exercises and online resources.
Download or read book An Introduction to the Global Circulation of the Atmosphere written by David Randall and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2015-06-23 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most comprehensive advanced graduate-level textbook on the subject This is a graduate-level textbook on the global circulation of the Earth's atmosphere—the large-scale system of winds by which energy is transported around the planet, from the tropical latitudes to the poles. Written by David Randall, one of the world’s foremost experts on the subject, it is the most comprehensive textbook on the topic. Intended for Earth science students who have completed some graduate-level coursework in atmospheric dynamics, the book will help students build on that foundation, preparing them for research in the field. The book describes the many phenomena of the circulation and explains them in terms of current ideas from fluid dynamics and thermodynamics, with frequent use of isentropic coordinates and using the methods of vector calculus. It emphasizes the key roles of water vapor and clouds, includes detailed coverage of energy flows and transformations, and pays close attention to scale interactions. The book also describes the major historical contributions of key scientists, giving a human dimension to the narrative, and it closes with a discussion of how the global circulation is evolving as the Earth’s climate changes. The most comprehensive graduate-level textbook on the subject Written by one of the world’s leading experts Connects global circulation and climate phenomena Addresses energy, moisture, and angular-momentum balance; the hydrologic cycle; and atmospheric turbulence and convection Emphasizes the energy cycle of the atmosphere; the role of moist processes; and circulation as an unpredictable, chaotic process Helps prepare students for research An online illustration package is available to professors
Download or read book Middle Atmosphere written by PLUMB and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2013-11-21 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PAGEOPH, stratosphere, these differences provide us with new evidence, interpretation of which can materially help to advance our understanding of stratospheric dynamics in general. It is now weil established that smaller-scale motions-in particular gravity waves and turbulence-are of fundamental importance in the general circulation of the mesosphere; they seem to be similarly, if less spectacularly, significant in the troposphere, and probably also in the stratosphere. Our understanding of these motions, their effects on the mean circulation and their mutual interactions is progressing rapidly, as is weil illustrated by the papers in this issue; there are reports of observational studies, especially with new instruments such as the Japanese MV radar, reviews of the state of theory, a laboratory study and an analysis of gravity waves and their effects in the high resolution "SKYHI" general circulation model. There are good reasons to suspect that gravity waves may be of crucial significance in making the stratospheric circulation the way it is (modeling experience being one suggestive piece of evidence for this). Direct observational proof has thus far been prevented by the difficulty of making observations of such scales of motion in this region; in one study reported here, falling sphere observations are used to obtain information on the structure and intensity of waves in the upper stratosphere.
Download or read book Age of Air and the Circulation of the Stratosphere written by Marianna Katherine Linz and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The circulation of air in the stratosphere is important for the distribution of radiatively important trace gases, such as ozone and water vapor, and other chemical species, including ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons. Age of air in the stratosphere is an idealized tracer with unique mathematical properties, which we exploit to derive a theory for the relationship of tracer observations to the stratospheric circulation. We show that the meridional age gradient is a measure of the global diabatic circulation, the total overturning strength through an isentropic surface, and test this time-dependent theory in a simple atmospheric general circulation model. We apply the theory to satellite data of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) and nitrous oxide to derive the first observationally-based estimates of the global meridional overturning circulation strength at all levels in the stratosphere. These two independent global satellite data products agree to within 5% on the strength of the diabatic circulation in the lower stratosphere. We compare to reanalyses and find broad agreement in the lower stratosphere and disagreement (∼ 100%) in the upper stratosphere. To understand the relationship between the diabatic circulation and other metrics of the circulation, we calculate it in a state-of-the-science atmospheric model and in three different reanalysis data products. The variability of the global diabatic circulation is very similar to one typical circulation metric, and it is correlated with total column ozone in the tropics and in Southern hemisphere midlatitudes in both a model and in reanalysis-data comparisons. Furthermore, we develop a metric for the mean adiabatic mixing, showing that it is related to the meridional age difference and the vertical gradient of age. We calculate this metric for a range of simple model runs to determine its utility as a measure of mixing. We find very little mixing of air into the tropics in the mid-stratosphere, and the vertical structure of mixing in the lower stratosphere and upper stratosphere varies among model runs and between hemispheres. A picture of global average stratospheric circulation could thus be obtained using age of air data, given reliable long-term records.
Download or read book Stratospheric Circulation Statistics written by Kevin Hamilton and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Stratospheric Circulation and Its Impact on the Troposphere Tools and Current Knowledge written by Jose M. P. Silvestre and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Middle Atmosphere Dynamics written by David G. Andrews and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-07-21 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students in atmospheric, oceanic, and climate science, Atmosphere, Ocean and Climate Dynamics is an introductory textbook on the circulations of the atmosphere and ocean and their interaction, with an emphasis on global scales. It will give students a good grasp of what the atmosphere and oceans look like on the large-scale and why they look that way. The role of the oceans in climate and paleoclimate is also discussed. The combination of observations, theory and accompanying illustrative laboratory experiments sets this text apart by making it accessible to students with no prior training in meteorology or oceanography. * Written at a mathematical level that is appealing for undergraduates and beginning graduate students * Provides a useful educational tool through a combination of observations and laboratory demonstrations which can be viewed over the web * Contains instructions on how to reproduce the simple but informative laboratory experiments * Includes copious problems (with sample answers) to help students learn the material.
Download or read book Southern Hemisphere Stratospheric Circulation as Indicated by Shipboard Meteorological Rocket Observations written by Frederick G. Finger and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Studies of the Stratospheric General Circulation written by Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Meteorology and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of the studies reported under this contract was to elucidate the various mechanisms by which the budgets of energy, angular momentum and mass for the stratospheric region are satisfied. In this respect the objectives coincided with the purpose of work done simultaneously under AEC support. Similar studies for the atmospheric regions from the surface up to 100 mb have been reported in detail in previous Final Reports (Studies of the Atmospheric General Circulation I, II and III, 1954, 1957, and 1959 under contracts AF19(122)-153, AF19(604)- 1000, and AF19(604)2242) and it will be recalled that a general finding was that large-scale quasi-horizontal eddy processes proved to be the principal agents in the transfer of angular momentum, in the generation of mean zonal kinetic energy and in the transfer of heat energy. Prior to the International Geophysical Year many of the workers who discussed the stratospheric general circulation invoked mean meridional motions in an essentially quiescent region to satisfy what were thought to be the requirements for transfer. Thus there appeared to be a basic difference in the predominating motion systems in the two regions and the cause was generally ascribed to the large static stability of the stratosphere as compared with the troposphere. The object in the present studies was to make diagnostic calculations of terms in the energy and momentum budgets of the stratosphere using the techniques previously applied to the troposphere and with as large a data sample as possible. The International Geophysical Year was selected for study because a special effort was made throughout that time to attain high altitudes with the wind and temperature sensors and all data were carefully checked and published by the World Meteorological Organization. The report opens with an examination by Professor Starr of the possible role of the vertical advection of kinetic energy in the stratospheric energy budget; the paper raised questions that we sought to answer from the observations reported in the following papers. The second paper, by Barnes, is a detailed study of the energy budget of the northern hemisphere stratosphere during the first six months of the IGY. Barnes' paper includes a description of the data-processing techniques used in all of the studies herein. All the terms in the budget which can be evaluated from wind and temperature observations are considered. Terms including diabatic heating could not of course be evaluated on a day-to-day basis but for some of them estimates have been included which apply to long periods. It appears from Barnes, work that both Reynolds' stresses and Coriolis forces acting on mean meridional motions are of importance in the energy budget. Many of the terms in the energy budget are estimated from data for the first time; in this respect it should be noted that diabatic effects are thought to be smaller in the lower stratosphere than elsewhere in the atmosphere but nevertheless as Barnes shows they cannot be ignored. The third paper, by Dickinson, examines the stratospheric angular momentum budget for the first year of the IGY period. In this case quasi-horizontal eddies seem to be of paramount importance and the mean meridional motions necessary to accomplish a balanced budget depend very strongly on the values selected for the vertical eddy diffusion coefficient. If these are assumed to be large (~/ 10 6cm 2sec-1) then significant mean meridional motions are involved but for small values (~10 3 cm2 sec-1) the mean motions are extremely small (
Download or read book The Circulation in the Stratosphere Mesosphere and Lower Thermospehre written by R. J. Murgatroyd and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
