Download or read book Strategy Use in Unequal Encounters written by Shoudong Feng and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation aims to identify the pragmatic communication strategies of Chinese ESL learners in two academic settings, namely, the ESL classroom and the ESL tutorial session. The concept of pragmatic communication strategies originates from the well-researched construct of second language learners' communication strategy, which has long been understood as strategies that address primarily problems and difficulties associated with the use of vocabulary. However, the essential purpose of this study is not how ESL learners solve their linguistic problems but how they negotiate their relationships with native speakers of English with their second languages. This study was a qualitative research effort that involved observation, interviews and questionnaire. Data were collected mainly in an ESL classroom and a language learning center where tutorials are conducted. In both settings there are unequal relationships between the two parties engaged in interaction. In the classroom context, the instructor decided the agenda, materials, topics, methods of teaching, turn of speaking, and finally and probably most importantly the grades. In the tutorial session, the tutors, although not having the same amount of power over the students as the instructor, had good command of the language used in the context, and consequentially represented the dominant values, determined the topics, and determined a variety of other discourse-related issues. Critical discourse analysis was applied to the data. This is a discourse approach that is based on the recognition of the influence of power relations in society on the production of discourse and text. It deals with such issues as class, status, gender, race, hegemony, dictatorship, nationalism, sexism, media control and organizational discourse. The ultimate goal of this theory is to help people become aware of the use of language to exercise power and in many instances victimize the powerless individuals. The findings of this study suggest that these ESL learners adopted various kinds of pragmatic strategies in negotiating their relationship with the instructor and tutors. Facing the powerful party in each context, they choose to (or have to?) adopt certain strategies in order to accomplish their communicative goals, be they long term or short term goals. Clearly the context had an impact on the strategies they used, as some could be found only in one setting while others only in another setting. It is not clear if these participants also adopt the same strategies in their own language and culture, in other words, the influence of the second language on the choice of pragmatic communication strategies needs to be further determined in future studies.

Download or read book Strategic Spatial Projects written by Stijn Oosterlynck and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-11-18 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Strategic Spatial Projects presents four years of case study research and theoretical discussions on strategic spatial projects in Europe and North America. It takes the position that planning is not well equipped to take on its current challenges if it is considered as only a regulatory and administrative activity. There is an urgent need to develop a mode of planning that aims to innovate in spatial as well as social terms. This timely, important book is for spatial planning, urban design and community development and policy studies courses. For academics, researchers and students in planning, urban design, urban studies, human and economic geography, public administration and policy studies.

Download or read book Investigating Unequal Englishes written by Ruanni Tupas and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-05-22 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ruanni Tupas presents rich insights into the inequalities of Englishes and the ways in which these inequalities shape and impact English and multilingual speakers from around the world. This edited volume gives a critical take on world Englishes, while showcasing for readers the various inequalities in treatment towards the people who speak English differently, as well as the injustice in that treatment. Research methodologies are explored, providing a glimpse into how data are collected and lending a more thorough look into each study and its conclusions. Chapters address the geopolitics of knowledge production in the teaching, learning and use of English, with strong representations from the peripheries of sociolinguistic studies of English. English is constructed as a language which enables socioeconomic mobility which is one factor that increases the importance of research into this issue, and this book enables researchers to widen their methods of research and apply them to their area of study. A valuable text for academic researchers, as well as postgraduate and advanced undergraduate students, to better understand the linguistic, sociopolitical and epistemic inequality in English communication. It also provides readers with alternative perspectives on lingua-cultural pluralism to unpack social inequalities and hierarchies that exist today.

Download or read book Lived Experiences of Exclusion in the Workplace written by Kurt April and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2023-03-16 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lived Experiences of Exclusion in the Workplace shares the emotional expressions of those who have faced alienation and marginalisation, providing guidance on how to trigger inclusion through various, often simple measures.

Download or read book Security Strategies Power Disparity and Identity written by Olav F. Knudsen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-30 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is power and how is it effective? This volume responds to these questions in terms of regional international relations with a particular focus on the Baltic Sea region, an area still charged with a residue of Cold War conflict and power disparity, in a setting of new cooperative ventures. Each contributor examines the region from a different angle and discusses how its actors coped with the new situation facing them after 1991. The volume looks at how governments have defined their new circumstances, how they have dealt with the opportunity to shift to a new mode of coexistence and collaboration, and how they have tackled the challenge of peacefully converting their region to a security community. The book breaks with tradition by adopting a new, thematic approach based on regional issues and functions rather than a country-by-country discourse. It will be of critical value to readers interested in security studies and European politics.

Download or read book Conversational Dominance and Gender written by Hiroko Itakura and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2001 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation In this study, Itakura (The Hong Kong Polytechnic U.) analyzes gender dominance in conversations among Japanese speakers in both their native tongue (L1) and in English (L2). The interactions studied include institutional talk as well as everyday conversation. The author's approach draws upon Conversation Analysis, the Birmingham school of discourse analysis, and dialogical analysis to examine whether patterns of gender dominance in Japanese L2 conversation are similar to those found in L1 conversation. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com).

Download or read book Handbook of the Social Psychology of Inequality written by Jane D. McLeod and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-08-18 with total page 756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides the first comprehensive overview of social psychological research on inequality for a graduate student and professional audience. Drawing on all of the major theoretical traditions in sociological social psychology, its chapters demonstrate the relevance of social psychological processes to this central sociological concern. Each chapter in the volume has a distinct substantive focus, but the chapters will also share common emphases on: • The unique contributions of sociological social psychology • The historical roots of social psychological concepts and theories in classic sociological writings • The complementary and conflicting insights that derive from different social psychological traditions in sociology. This Handbook is of interest to graduate students preparing for careers in social psychology or in inequality, professional sociologists and university/college libraries.

Download or read book Indigenous Conflict Management Strategies in West Africa written by Brandon D. Lundy and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2014-11-19 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Indigenous Conflict Management Strategies in West Africa:Beyond Right and Wrong expands the discourse on indigenous knowledge. With several examples and case histories, the work defines, characterizes, and explains indigenous conflict management strategies in West Africa, particularly in Ghana, Nigeria, and Cameroon. The book critically evaluates indigenous conflict management strategies with a view to determining their effectiveness in the context of the societies’ history and culture, and the relevance and adaptability of these strategies in contemporary contexts. This book takes a scholarly approach, avoiding romanticizing or idealizing indigenous conflict management strategies in West Africa. It advocates a set of mechanisms by which the best elements of indigenous knowledge and skills in conflict management may be deployed to settle contemporary disputes, and made portable for adoption and adaptation by other complex societies in the region and beyond.

Download or read book Listening in Language Learning written by Michael Rost and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-06-17 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines listening as both a means of achieving understanding and as a teachable skill. The underlying theme of the volume is that an integration of cognitive, social, and educational perspectives is necessary in order to characterise effectively what listening ability is and how it may develop. It introduces listening from a cognitive perspective, and presents a detailed investigation of listening in social and educational contexts. The study concludes with an analysis of how listening development can be incorporated effectively into curriculum design.

Download or read book Cultural Encounters as Intervention Practices written by Lene Bull Christiansen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-05-06 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Setting up cultural encounters is a widespread intervention strategy employed to diffuse conflicts and manage difficulties related to diversity. These organised cultural encounters bring together people of different backgrounds in order to promote peaceful coexistence and inclusion. These transformative aims relate to the participants but are often also expected to spill over into the society, community or context addressed by the encounter. As a category, ‘Organised Cultural Encounters’ draws together a variety of activities and events such as multicultural festivals, dialogue initiatives, diversity training and inclusion projects – activities that are generally not considered to be of the same kind. Most of the existing literature on these types of encounters is instrumental and has an overall emphasis on evaluations in terms of outcome or success rate. This book goes beyond evaluations, and the contributors pose and debate theoretical and methodological questions and analyse the practices and performativities of particular encounters. Taken together, it makes an important contribution to the theorisation and analysis of intercultural relations and negotiations. This book was originally published as a special issue of the Journal of Intercultural Studies.

Download or read book Unequal Encounters written by Katherine Hoyt and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2022-01-31 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents a selection of the most compelling political writings from early colonial Latin America that address the themes of conquest, colonialism, and enslavement. It will be invaluable for students and scholars of Latin American political thought and other fields in the social sciences and humanities. Katherine Hoyt prepared extensive introductory material that introduces readers to each of the writers, contextualizing their ideas and the controversies surrounding them. The anthology centers the voices of Indigenous peoples, whose writings constitute six of the fifteen chapters while also including women’s, African, and Jewish perspectives. Included among the writings are the foundation narrative of the Kaqchiquel Maya and an example of “mirror of princes” literature in which Inca writer Guamán Poma advises the King of Spain on how to better govern Peru. Spanish priests Bartolomé de Las Casas and Alonso de la Vera Cruz make contributions to the philosophical writings of the School of Salamanca on natural law as they relate to the peoples of the Americas. Other writers protest the inhumanity of the trade in enslaved Africans and the Inquisition. A volume such as this one brings greater nuance to our understanding of the continent's past, helping us to envision a more inclusive future.

Download or read book Unequal Treatment written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-02-06 with total page 781 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Racial and ethnic disparities in health care are known to reflect access to care and other issues that arise from differing socioeconomic conditions. There is, however, increasing evidence that even after such differences are accounted for, race and ethnicity remain significant predictors of the quality of health care received. In Unequal Treatment, a panel of experts documents this evidence and explores how persons of color experience the health care environment. The book examines how disparities in treatment may arise in health care systems and looks at aspects of the clinical encounter that may contribute to such disparities. Patients' and providers' attitudes, expectations, and behavior are analyzed. How to intervene? Unequal Treatment offers recommendations for improvements in medical care financing, allocation of care, availability of language translation, community-based care, and other arenas. The committee highlights the potential of cross-cultural education to improve provider-patient communication and offers a detailed look at how to integrate cross-cultural learning within the health professions. The book concludes with recommendations for data collection and research initiatives. Unequal Treatment will be vitally important to health care policymakers, administrators, providers, educators, and students as well as advocates for people of color.

Download or read book Discourse in Content and Language Integrated Learning CLIL Classrooms written by Christiane Dalton-Puffer and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2007-09-27 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The label CLIL stands for classrooms where a foreign language (English) is used as a medium of instruction in content subjects. This book provides a first in-depth analysis of the kind of communicative abilities which are embodied in such CLIL classrooms. It examines teacher and student talk at secondary school level from different discourse-analytic angles, taking into account the interpersonal pragmatics of classroom discourse and how school subjects are talked into being during lessons. The analysis shows how CLIL classroom interaction is strongly shaped by its institutional context, which in turn conditions the ways in which students experience, use and learn the target language. The research presented here suggests that CLIL programmes require more explicit language learning goals in order to fully exploit their potential for furthering the learners’ appropriation of a foreign language as a medium of learning.

Download or read book Issues in Calculus Mathematical Analysis and Nonlinear Research 2013 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2013-05-01 with total page 772 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issues in Calculus, Mathematical Analysis, and Nonlinear Research: 2013 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ book that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Mathematical Analysis. The editors have built Issues in Calculus, Mathematical Analysis, and Nonlinear Research: 2013 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Mathematical Analysis in this book to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Calculus, Mathematical Analysis, and Nonlinear Research: 2013 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Download or read book Encountering Nationalism written by Jyoti Puri and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Encountering Nationalism introduces students to concepts of nationalism in an accessible, critical, and timely way. Abstract arguments are bolstered by clear and specific examples drawn from momentous events and from the well of everyday life, such as the aftermath of September 11, beauty pageants, ethnic conflicts, and sexual respectability. Encountering Nationalism is an engaging introduction to the diverse meanings of nationalism and its most important aspects. Addresses the rise of nationalism in the US post-September 11. Brings together “culturalist” and state-centered approaches to nationalism. Underscores the importance of race, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, and religion to understanding nationalism. Clarifies key concepts such as nationalism, nation, state, gender, sexuality, etc. Contains useful examples to illustrate key aspects of nationalism. Features clear and engaging prose.

Download or read book English as a Lingua Franca in Migrants Trauma Narratives written by Maria Grazia Guido and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-08 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines how trauma is experienced and narrated differently across languages and cultures, drawing on rich ethnographic case studies and a novel cognitive-linguistic approach to analyse the variations of English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) used in the narratives of West-African migrants and refugees in the course of intercultural encounters with Italian experts from domain-specific fields of discourse (including legal, medical, religious and cultural professionals). It examines the ways in which such experts interpret the migrants’ trauma narratives by applying discourse conventions from within their communities of practice, as well as their own native linguacultural norms. It argues persuasively for the development of a ‘hybrid ELF mode’ of intercultural communication to be used by experts in charge of unequal encounters in specialized migration contexts that can accommodate different culture-bound categorizations of trauma. This timely and important work will appeal in particular to students and scholars of applied linguistics, discourse analysis, cognitive linguistics, intercultural communication, pragmalinguistics, migration studies and healthcare communication.

Download or read book Investigating Workplace Discourse written by Almut Koester and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2006-09-27 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Featuring a corpus of conversations from the UK and USA, this overview of the characteristics of workplace discourse and the approaches needed to analyze them, pays particular attention to interactions with a more social focus, such as office gossip.