Download or read book Strategies to Increase the Service Life of Concrete Bridge Decks written by O. Burkan Isgor and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Durability of Concrete Bridge Decks written by and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Investigation of Methacrylate Rehabilitation Strategy to Extend the Service Life of Concrete Bridge Decks written by Eli Cuelho and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assessment and Rehabilitation Strategies guidelines to Maximize the Service Life of Concrete Structures written by Teresa M. Adams and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Rethinking Bridge Deck Longevity and Maintenance with Portland Cement Polymer Concrete written by Andrew P. Agosto and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bridge deck deterioration in the northern Midwest creates significant costs to state Departments of Transportation (DOT's) in the region. The fundamental cause of the problem is low tensile strength and water permeable reinforced concrete resulting in deck cracking and ultimately reinforcing bar corrosion. Portland Cement Polymer Concrete (PCPC) combined with a design approach tailored to its advantages could virtually eliminate early deck deterioration and the associated costs providing an alternative asset management path for bridge decks. Bridge decks would no longer have to be removed from their substructure every fifteen years and replaced. The results would be higher quality, longer lasting bridge decks with lower life cycle costs. This project will demonstrate the feasibility and methodology of such a strategy. This project will develop a strategy that combines innovative concrete materials, novel design and cost analysis that enhances the longevity and reduces the life cycle cost of highway bridge decks. The project is expected to show significant life-cycle cost advantages to using a high performance bridge deck material.
Download or read book Bridge Deck Service Life Prediction and Costs written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The service life of Virginia's concrete bridge decks is generally controlled by chloride-induced corrosion of the reinforcing steel as a result of the application of winter maintenance deicing salts. A chloride corrosion model accounting for the variable input parameters using Monte Carlo resampling was developed. The model was validated using condition surveys from 10 Virginia bridge decks built with bare steel. The influence of changes in the construction specifications of w/c = 0.47 and 0.45 and w/cm = 0.45 and a cover depth increase from 2 to 2.75 inches was determined. Decks built under the specification of w/cm = 0.45 (using slag or fly ash) and a 2.75 inch cover depth have a maintenance free service life of greater than 100 years, regardless of the type of reinforcing steel. Galvanized, MMFX-2, and stainless steel, in order of increasing reliability of a service life of greater than 100 years, will provide a redundant corrosion protection system. Life cycle cost analyses were conducted for polymer concrete and portland cement based overlays as maintenance activities. The most economical alternative is dependent on individual structure conditions. The study developed a model and computer software that can be used to determine the time to first repair and rehabilitation of individual bridge decks taking into account the time for corrosion initiation, time from initiation to cracking, and time for corrosion damage to propagate to a state requiring repair.
Download or read book Performance and Service Life of Low slump concrete Bridge Deck Overlays in New York written by William P. Chamberlin and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fifty randomly selected concrete bridge decks in New York State, overlaid with low-slump concrete, were studied in 1985 after an average of 5 years of service. The investigation included recording surface defects, measuring delamination and half-cell potentials, and sampling and testing for deck chloride profile. Conclusions are drawn with regard to the nature and significance of the observed damage, and estimates are made of service life expectancy. Policy implications for the New York State Department of Transportation are discussed.
Download or read book Investigation of Polyester Concrete Overlay Rehabilitation Strategy to Extend the Service Life of Concrete Bridge Decks written by Eli Vincent Cuelho and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mitigation Strategies for Early age Shrinkage Cracking in Bridge Decks written by Pizhong Qiao (Civil engineer) and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Early-age shrinkage cracking has been observed in many concrete bridge decks in Washington State and elsewhere around the U.S. The cracking increases the effects of freeze-thaw damage, spalling, and corrosion of steel reinforcement, thus resulting in premature deterioration and structural deficiency of the bridges. In this study, the main causes of the early-age cracking in the decks are identified, and concrete mix designs as a strategy to prevent or minimize the shrinkage cracking are evaluated. Different sources (eastern and western Washington) and sizes of aggregates are considered, and the effects of paste content, cementitious materials (cement, fly ash, silica fume, slag), and shrinkage reducing admixture (SRA) are evaluated. A series of fresh, mechanical and shrinkage property tests were performed for each concrete mix. The outcomes of this study identify optimum concrete mix designs as appropriate mitigation strategies to reduce or eliminate early-age shrinkage cracking and thus help minimize shrinkage cracking in the concrete bridge decks, potentially leading to longer service life.
Download or read book Research Project Work Plan for Strategies to Increase the Service Life of Existing Bridge Decks written by O. Burkan Isgor and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nondestructive Testing to Identify Concrete Bridge Deck Deterioration written by and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2013 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: " TRB's second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2) Report S2-R06A-RR-1: Nondestructive Testing to Identify Concrete Bridge Deck Deterioration identifies nondestructive testing technologies for detecting and characterizing common forms of deterioration in concrete bridge decks.The report also documents the validation of promising technologies, and grades and ranks the technologies based on results of the validations.The main product of this project will be an electronic repository for practitioners, known as the NDToolbox, which will provide information regarding recommended technologies for the detection of a particular deterioration. " -- publisher's description.
Download or read book Mitigation Strategies for Early age Shrinkage Cracking in Bridge Decks written by Pizhong Qiao and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Early-age shrinkage cracking has been observed in many concrete bridge decks in Washington State and elsewhere around the U.S. The cracking increases the effects of freeze-thaw damage, spalling, and corrosion of steel reinforcement, thus resulting in premature deterioration and structural deficiency of the bridges. In this study, the main causes of the early-age cracking in the decks are identified, and concrete mix designs as a strategy to prevent or minimize the shrinkage cracking are evaluated. Different sources (eastern and western Washington) and sizes of aggregates are considered, and the effects of paste content, cementitious materials (cement, fly ash, silica fume, slag), and shrinkage reducing admixture (SRA) are evaluated. A series of fresh, mechanical and shrinkage property tests were performed for each concrete mix. The outcomes of this study identify optimum concrete mix designs as appropriate mitigation strategies to reduce or eliminate early-age shrinkage cracking and thus help minimize shrinkage cracking in the concrete bridge decks, potentially leading to longer service life.
Download or read book High Performance Concrete Bridge Decks A Fast Track Implementation Study Volume 1 Structural Behavior written by Robert J. Frosch and published by Purdue University Press. This book was released on 2008-11-01 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transverse cracking of concrete bridge decks is problematic in numerous states. Cracking has been identified in the negative and positive moment regions of bridges and can appear shortly after opening the structure to live loads. To improve the service life of the bridge deck as well as decrease maintenance costs, changes to current construction practices in Indiana are being considered. A typical bridge deck was instrumented which incorporated the following: increased reinforcement amounts, decreasing reinforcement spacing, and high-performance, low-shrinkage concrete. The low shrinkage concrete was achieved using a ternary concrete mix. The objective of this research was to determine the performance, particularly in terms of transverse cracking and shrinkage, of a bridge incorporating design details meant to reduce cracking. Based on measurements from the bridge, it was determined that maximum tensile strains experienced in the concrete were not sufficient to initiate cracking. An on-site inspection was performed to confirm that cracking had not initiated. The data was analyzed and compared with the behavior of a similarly constructed bridge built with nearly identical reinforcing details, but with a more conventional concrete to evaluate the effect of the HPC. Based on this study, it was observed that full-depth transverse cracks did not occur in the structure and that the use of HPC lowered the magnitude of restrained shrinkage strains and resulting tensile stresses.
Download or read book Durability of Concrete Bridge Decks written by Portland Cement Association and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Improving Service Life of Concrete Structures Through the Use of Internal Curing written by Timothy J. Barrett and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) commissioned the construction of six bridge decks utilizing a new class of internally cured high performance concrete (IC HPC). The first four bridge decks were constructed in the summer of 2013, while the fifth was built in November of 2014 and the sixth is planned for the summer of 2015. These decks implement research findings presented in the FHWA/IN/JTRP-2010/10 report (Schlitter, Henkensiefken, et al. 2010) where internal curing was proposed as one method to reduce the potential for shrinkage cracking, leading to improved durability. In addition, the use of higher performance concrete mixtures and a new specification composed of prescriptive and performance based measures was implemented with the intention of extending the service life of the bridge decks. The objectives of this thesis are to provide documentation of the construction and performance of the IC HPC bridge decks cast in Indiana and provide a viable, practice-ready method for the assessment of the potential durability of these concretes. In fulfillment of these objectives, samples of the IC HPC used in construction were compared to a reference high performance concrete (HPC) which did not utilize internal curing and was made by the same producer with the same constituent materials. The samples collected in the field were transported to the laboratory where the mechanical performance, resistance to chloride ingress, and potential for shrinkage and cracking was assessed. Using experimental results and mixture proportions, the diffusion based service life of the bridge decks was able to be estimated. The construction process was documented for first four bridge decks made using internal cured high performance concrete (IC HPC). These concretes were able to be designed, batched, and placed and are now in service. While avoidable issues were observed during batching construction related to corrections of batching water, batching tolerances and fluctuations in air content (which apply to any concrete), the IC HPC was able to be batched and placed using slight modifications to conventional methods. The production of the IC HPC mixtures was implemented using a mixed specification using prescriptive and performance based measures representing an improvement on previous specifications which did not specifically have provisions that consider durability. To aid in the implementation of internal curing in the field, a new quality control technique for lightweight aggregate utilizing a centrifuge has been implemented is now standardized in Indiana Testing Method 222 (Miller, Barrett, et al. 2014). The results of laboratory testing indicate that the compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, and tensile strength of the IC HPC mixtures was not substantially different than the HPC mixtures and as such current codified equations are able to be used to predict the modulus of elasticity and tensile strength if the compressive strength is known. The diffusion of chlorides in these concretes was assessed, where it was shown that each of the mixtures tested had a charge passed in the rapid chloride permeability test of less than 1500 C at 91 days (AASHTO T277-07 2007); additional testing provided equivalent results when performing the Nordtest (NT Build 492 1999), Stadium migration test , or electrical resistivity test. Using experimental results which determined the chloride diffusion and permeability, the diffusion based service life of the IC HPC bridge decks was estimated to be between approximately 60 to 90 years, compared to approximately 18 years for the conventional class C bridge deck concrete used in Indiana. The susceptibility to early age shrinkage and cracking was evaluated where it was shown that IC HPC concretes exhibited a reduction in early age shrinkage of 70 to 90%, resulting in a reduction in residual stresses of 80% or more while reducing thermally induced stress by up to 55% when compared to HPC mixtures. Collectively, these results indicate that the IC HPC mixtures that were produced as a part of this study exhibit the potential of for substantially increased service life while markedly reducing the potential for early age cracking. The second phase of this thesis investigated the role of initial sample conditioning and the effect of changes in degree of saturation on the measured electrical resistivity, where a new function was developed to describe this relationship in air entrained concretes. The consistency and variability in the determination of the chloride diffusion coefficient was investigated through standardized testing methods, where it was shown that the coefficient of variation associated with the accelerated tests was approximately 15% or less and are dependent on the test. Chloride profile measurements made on cores taken from samples which were exposed with a known deicing solution and the temperature fluctuations of West Lafayette, Indiana indicated that on average, the coefficient of variation for determining the apparent chloride diffusion coefficient under is 30% or less. In addition, the use of resistivity measurements on sealed samples was used to evaluate the variability of the concrete produced throughout the construction of the fifth IC HPC bridge deck while comparisons of the samples from the first four bridge decks produced in the laboratory and in the field were also made. The results indicated that the coefficient of variation associated with the resistivity measurements made on the fifth bridge deck was less than 5%, while experimental results indicated that industrial production consistently results in lower performance as measured by the resistivity test when compared to laboratory production. In this study it was also shown that measurements of mechanical properties are not indicative of the potential durability of the concrete. The conclusions of this thesis and the findings presented in the FHWA/IN/JTRP-2010/10 report (Schlitter, Henkensiefken, et al. 2010) and the CDOT-2014-3 report (Jones et al. 2014) indicate that internal curing is a practice-ready, engineered solution that may lead to the production of higher performance concretes which have a reduced potential for cracking. To aid in the implementation of internal curing in practice, spreadsheets which automate calculations necessary for quality control for lightweight aggregates, mixture proportioning, and moisture adjustments have been developed by Miller (2014) and have been made available with the report documenting the construction of the first four bridge decks (Barrett et al. 2015). This thesis also provided the framework for a durability based design approach using sealed electrical resistivity measurements which may be implemented in practice. This method has been shown to be a viable way to rapidly evaluate the chloride diffusion coefficient of concrete and is appropriate for testing large numbers of samples during construction. It is recommended that the approach outlined in this work be implemented in performance based specifications in lieu of other accelerated testing methods which define the performance of the concrete based on the result of that test. Finally, it should be emphasized that the implementation of technologies such as those that are presented in this thesis alone does not guarantee higher performance, as the production of such concrete requires a degree of technical competence in design, production, and construction of concrete materials. As is the case with the production of any concrete, internally cured or not, performance will be directly tied to the careful accounting of water, be it on the surface of aggregates, in the mixing drum after washing, or elsewhere. Special attention should be paid to the proper operation of batching systems, while placement techniques should be reviewed to minimize unwanted effects, and proper finishing and curing techniques must always be practiced. Only after performing the basics of concrete production properly will the full benefits of internal curing be actualized.
Download or read book Durability of Concrete Bridge Decks written by Portland Cement Association and published by . This book was released on 1967-01-01 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Extended Life Concrete Bridge Decks Utilizing Internal Curing to Reduce Cracking written by Xuhao Wang and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the ongoing concern about premature cracking of concrete bridge decks that reduces the service life of bridges and results in increased maintenance and replacement costs, this work aimed at assessing the benefits of using lightweight fine aggregate (LWFA) in concrete mixtures to assist the Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) in preparing a specification to increase the probability of achieving crack-free, long-lasting bridge decks. A laboratory testing program led to a recommended mix design for implementation on a bridge construction project in Ohio. The design included the use of 50% slag cement and LWFA for internal curing. Construction of two bridge decks involved a control using a conventional mix design and the other containing the recommended mixture. The decks were instrumented and load tested shortly after construction and inspected one year after placement. No differences in structural performance were noted, but there were far fewer cracks in the test deck compared to the control. A life-cycle cost analysis was also conducted and shown that the premium for the recommended mixture would be recovered in reduced maintenance over the life of the bridge.
