Download or read book Strategic IPO Underpricing Information Momentum and Lockup Expiration Selling written by Rajesh K. Aggarwal and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Managers of firms going public usually do not sell their own shares at the initial public offering. Instead, they often sell a portion of their shares at the end of the lockup period. We develop a model in which the manager strategically underprices the IPO in order to maximize his wealth from selling shares at lockup expiration. First-day underpricing creates information momentum, i.e., it generates incremental comments and recommendations by research analysts, especially by non-lead underwriter analysts. This increased research coverage shifts the demand curve for the stock outwards, allowing the manager to sell shares at the lockup expiration at prices higher than he would otherwise be able to obtain. We test the model on a sample IPOs in the 1990s. We find that managerial share and option holdings are positively correlated with first-day underpricing and that higher first-day underpricing leads to more analyst research coverage. We also find that research coverage is positively correlated with stock price performance through the lockup expiration and with insider selling at the expiration of the lockup. Overall, the empirical results are consistent with the model.
Download or read book IPO Underpricing and Insider Wealth Maximization in Internet Firms written by Bhavika Booragadda and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper empirically tests the theoretical model developed by Aggarwal, Krigman and Womack (2001), which argues that insiders of a firm strategically underprice its initial public offering to maximize personal wealth by selling shares at lockup expiration. First day underpricing generates information momentum for the stock in terms of increased research coverage and recommendations by analysts. Increased research coverage is positively correlated with stock returns and insider selling at the end of the lockup period. Although the value of the stock should be typically based on discounted expected future cash flows, several empirical papers suggest a downward sloping demand curves for new issues (Kaul, Mehrotra and Morck 2000, Field and Hanka 2000), consistent with the assumption of this paper's empirical model. The hypothesis is tested using a sample of 210 internet-based firms such as Social media platforms, online travel agents, online real-estate agents and E-commerce services. The empirical results are significant and consistent with the hypothesis.
Download or read book Underpricing Share Overhang and Insider Selling in Follow On Offerings written by Shaorong Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prospect and information-momentum theories predict that insiders can offer fewer shares in an IPO to create informational momentum and obtain higher prices in follow-on offerings. I find that dilution and insider participation in the IPO are negatively related to the number and size of follow-on offerings, consistent with the prediction. However, insider selling in follow-on offerings is positively related IPO selling, contrary to the theories. Returns around follow-on offering announcements are more negative for newly public firms than older firms, but for newly public firms do not differ by whether the announcement comes before or after the lockup expiration date.
Download or read book Variables Influencing the Severity of IPO Underpricing An Empirical Analysis of the German Market written by Justyna Dietrich and published by Diplomica Verlag. This book was released on 2012-03 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Underpricing refers to the phenomenon of abnormal first-day returns from initial public offerings (IPOs). Without doubt, any US investor would agree that one day-returns of 11.4% on average are exceptional and a worthwhile investment. Since then many studies have proven that it is a persistent phenomenon and also occurs on markets all over the world. The most puzzling question for scientists is why companies are leaving this money on the table and do not set an offering price that reflects the market demand at the offering date. The main focus of this paper is whether and how the findings of past research, primarily conducted for the US market, apply to the German IPO market. As a result, both investors and issuers shall receive practical implications for their decision-making within the IPO process. This study comprises a brief description of some important theoretical aspects that shape the price setting of an IPO. It focuses on business valuation as it is the basis for setting the price of an IPO. Furthermore, the most common price setting mechanisms are explained. Past research results and theories with regard to IPO underpricing will be outlined and put into relation to the upcoming analysis. This also includes the long-run performance of IPOs and deals especially with the question of whether IPOs are systematically overvalued by investors and, if so, why. The empirical analysis consists of a deduction of influencing variables and an applying theoretical model. Finally, OLS results will be presented and interpreted, which also includes practical implications for both, issuers and investors.
Download or read book Handbook of Research on IPOs written by Mario Levis and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2013-11-29 with total page 599 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The chapters offer some important new insights into issues that will be of interest not only to the academic community but also to professionals involved in the preparation, structure and execution of such transactions, market regulators, and private a
Download or read book Going Public written by Tim Jenkinson and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2001 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Going Public investigates why companies routinely underprice themselves as they try to list themselves on the stock exchange. They subsequently underperform over the long-term and, in Going Public, the authors explore these 2 phenomena in plain English.
Download or read book The Art of Capital Restructuring written by H. Kent Baker and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-06-07 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most up-to-date guide on making the right capital restructuring moves The Art of Capital Restructuring provides a fresh look at the current state of mergers, acquisitions, and corporate restructuring around the world. The dynamic nature of M&As requires an evolving understanding of the field, and this book considers several different forms of physical restructuring such as divestitures as well as financial restructuring, which refers to alterations in the capital structure of the firm. The Art of Capital Restructuring not only explains the financial aspects of these transactions but also examines legal, regulatory, tax, ethical, social, and behavioral considerations. In addition to this timely information, coverage also includes discussion of basic concepts, motives, strategies, and techniques as well as their application to increasingly complex, real-world situations. Emphasizes best practices that lead to M&A success Contains important and relevant research studies based on recent developments in the field Comprised of contributed chapters from both experienced professionals and academics, offering a variety of perspectives and a rich interplay of ideas Skillfully blending theory with practice, this book will put you in a better position to make the right decisions with regard to capital restructuring in today's dynamic business world.
Download or read book Top VC IPO Underpricing written by Daniel Bradley and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Before the IPO bubble burst, the first day return for IPOs backed by top VCs firms was double that of non-top VCs IPOs. Top VC IPOs were also twice as likely to receive all-star analyst coverage and suffered twice as large negative returns upon lockup expiration. We argue that this was not a coincidence. Underwriters benefited from underpricing vis-à-vis allocation strategies whereas VCs gain from information momentum which allows them to cash-out at higher prices at lockup expiration. All-stars are a scarce resource underwriters allocate to their best clients (Top VCs) who bring them repeat business. Post-bubble, regulatory shocks restricted preferential IPO allocations and reduced the value of all-star coverage. Consequently, these relations disappeared indicating that regulatory changes likely had the desired effect.
Download or read book Applied Asset and Risk Management written by Marcus Schulmerich and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-20 with total page 491 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a guide to asset and risk management from a practical point of view. It is centered around two questions triggered by the global events on the stock markets since the middle of the last decade: - Why do crashes happen when in theory they should not? - How do investors deal with such crises in terms of their risk measurement and management and as a consequence, what are the implications for the chosen investment strategies? The book presents and discusses two different approaches to finance and investing, i.e., modern portfolio theory and behavioral finance, and provides an overview of stock market anomalies and historical crashes. It is intended to serve as a comprehensive introduction to asset and risk management for bachelor’s and master’s students in this field as well as for young professionals in the asset management industry. A key part of this book is the exercises to further demonstrate the concepts presented with examples and a step-by-step business case. An Excel file with the calculations and solutions for all 17 examples as well as all business case calculations can be downloaded at extras.springer.com.
Download or read book Corporate Governance and Initial Public Offerings written by Alessandro Zattoni and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-03-22 with total page 613 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A major international study on corporate governance and Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) in twenty-one countries.
Download or read book Underwriting Services and the New Issues Market written by George J. Papaioannou and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-07-27 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Underwriting Services and the New Issues Market integrates practice, theory and evidence from the global underwriting industry to present a comprehensive description and analysis of underwriting practices. After covering the regulation and mechanics of the underwriting process, it considers economic topics such as underwriting costs and compensation, the pricing of new issues, the stock price and operating performance of issuing firms, the evaluation of new issue decisions, and an analysis of the many choices issuers face in structuring new issues. Unlike other books, it systematically develops a critical perspective about underwriting practices, both in the U.S. and international markets, and with a level of detail unavailable elsewhere and an approach that reveals how financial institutions deliver underwriting services. Underwriting Services and the New Issues Market delivers an innovative and long overdue look at security issuance. Foreword by Frank Fabozzi - Covers underwriting contracts and arrangements on pricing and costs - Focuses on the financial consequences of the issuance decision for the firm - Describes and evaluates decisions regarding the features and structure of new security offerings.
Download or read book Handbook of the Economics of Finance written by George M. Constantinides and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-11-04 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 1A covers corporate finance: how businesses allocate capital - the capital budgeting decision - and how they obtain capital - the financing decision. Though managers play no independent role in the work of Miller and Modigliani, major contributions in finance since then have shown that managers maximize their own objectives. To understand the firm's decisions, it is therefore necessary to understand the forces that lead managers to maximize the wealth of shareholders.
Download or read book Financial Decision Making Using Computational Intelligence written by Michael Doumpos and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-07-23 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasing complexity of financial problems and the enormous volume of financial data often make it difficult to apply traditional modeling and algorithmic procedures. In this context, the field of computational intelligence provides an arsenal of particularly useful techniques. These techniques include new modeling tools for decision making under risk and uncertainty, data mining techniques for analyzing complex data bases, and powerful algorithms for complex optimization problems. Computational intelligence has also evolved rapidly over the past few years and it is now one of the most active fields in operations research and computer science. This volume presents the recent advances of the use of computation intelligence in financial decision making. The book covers all the major areas of computational intelligence and a wide range of problems in finance, such as portfolio optimization, credit risk analysis, asset valuation, financial forecasting, and trading.
Download or read book Securities Regulation written by James D. Cox and published by Aspen Publishing. This book was released on 2021-10-31 with total page 1408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Buy a new version of this textbook and receive access to the Connected eBook on CasebookConnect, including: lifetime access to the online ebook with highlight, annotation, and search capabilities, plus an outline tool and other helpful resources. Connected eBooks provide what you need most to be successful in your law school classes. Learn more about Connected eBooks. The Tenth Edition of Securities Regulation: Cases and Materials encompasses the sea changes that have recently occurred in the securities laws and capital markets, brought about by both SEC rulemaking and shifts in underwriting practices. The casebook carries forward its long-held standard of providing students with an in-depth, sophisticated, practical look at contemporary securities law. As it has since its first edition, this volume contains a highly teachable mix of problems, cases, and textual material, encouraging students to build their knowledge base by being active problem-solvers. Always forward-thinking, stressing current developments and controversies, the book is also highly modular, so that professors can easily pick and choose how to structure their courses without being locked into any given progression. New to the Tenth Edition: Developments involving cryptocurrencies and coin offerings Commentary on market developments such as issues arising with the retailization of trading markets The SEC’s procedures for direct listings and the regulatory issues surrounding the explosion of SPACs The sweeping November 2020 reforms to the issuer transaction exemptions from registration, and the new standards for evaluating whether offerings will be integrated The Supreme Court’s most recent Goldman Sachs decision addressing fraud on the market Coverage of several developments affecting the SEC’s enforcement powers The SEC’s new rules for proxy advisory services and shareholder proposals Where the law stands today regarding the obligations of broker-dealers in the wake of Regulation Best Interest Professors and students will benefit from: The book’s highly modular organization, enabling different teaching formats and coverage Extensive use of problems that build student awareness of the fundamentals, with directions in the Teacher’s Manual on how best to teach them Concise notes that introduce the reader to both theory and real-life practice issues A book that is always up-to-date and on the cutting edge
Download or read book Grow or Go The Expiration of IPO Lockups in Germany written by Samuel Kemper and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2020-12-23 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bachelor Thesis from the year 2020 in the subject Economics - Finance, grade: 1.0, University of Frankfurt (Main) (Finance), language: English, abstract: In this study I examine the case of lockup period expirations for 142 IPOs in Germany between 2000 and 2019. I find significant abnormal returns around the expiration date of lockup periods during which existing shareholders are prevented from selling their shares. Both, abnormal returns and abnormal trading volumes around the unlock day are much larger for firms financed by venture capital or private equity. These findings are robust to different market models and are not due to market microstructure effects. When examining the cause for the observed abnormal returns abnormal trading volume and company size become prominent.
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of IPOs written by Douglas Cumming and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-11-15 with total page 841 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Initial public offerings (IPOs), or new listings of companies on stock exchanges, are among the most important form of finance and generate considerable attention and excitement. They are used to raise capital or to monetize investments by the early generation of venture capital and other private investors. They are increasingly international in scope and reach, especially with non-American firms offering on American stock exchanges. This handbook provides a comprehensive overview of why companies list on stock exchanges, how IPOs are regulated, initially valued, and their performance in the short and long run. The first part examines the economics of IPOs, and offers statistics and regulatory insights from the United States and other countries around the world. The volume then covers mergers versus IPOs, as well as reverse mergers and special purpose acquisition companies. Part III analyzes institutional ties in IPOs, including analysts, investment banks, auditors, and venture capitalists. The fourth section provides international perspectives on IPOs from a number of countries around the world. Part V discusses alternatives to IPOs, including private marketplaces, and crowdfunding. Reflecting the range of disciplines that analyze IPOs, the contributors come from the fields of finance, international business and management, economics, and law. The chapters cover the latest information on a range of fundamental questions that are of interest to academics, practitioners, and policymakers alike.
Download or read book Beyond the Random Walk written by Vijay Singal and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2004 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In an efficient market, all stocks should be valued at a price that is consistent with available information. But as financial expert Singal points out, there are circumstances under which certain stocks sell at a price higher or lower than the right price. Here he discusses ten such anomalous prices and shows how investors might--or might not--be able to exploit these situations for profit.
