Download or read book Strain induced Crystallization of Natural Rubeer and Isoprene Rubber Studied by Solid state NMR Spectroscopy written by Jiahuan Hu and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An elastomer is a polymer material that has the ability to resume its shape after large deformation. Among various types of elastomers, natural rubber (NR) is the most typical one and an indispensable material for many industrial and household applications, such as tires, belts, gaskets, gloves, soles, rubbers, foam mattresses and so on.1,2 Because of the limited production of NR, a large amount of synthetic NR is synthesize -- isoprene rubber (IR) to fulfill the requirement of industry and human society.3 The versatility of NR is mainly due to its outstanding tensile properties and the good crack growth resistance, which originates from crystallization under elongation.1 Many experimental techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), birefringence, DSC and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)4 have been applied over the years to investigate the crystallization of NR under external strain. In this study, we designed a new and entire NMR system for characterizing crystallinity of rubber samples and successfully determined crystallinity of NR and IR under various strains. We will further investigate crystallinity of NR nanocomposite with carbon black and blends with other rubbers. Our developed NMR tools will be technique transferred to Bridgestone America for future research.
Download or read book STRAIN INDUCED CRYSTALLIZATION OF NATURAL RUBBER written by DANIEL LUCH and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chemistry Manufacture and Applications of Natural Rubber written by Shinzo Kohjiya and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2021-03-24 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemistry, Manufacture and Applications of Natural Rubber, Second Edition presents the latest advances in the processing, properties and advanced applications of natural rubber (NR), drawing on state-of-the-art research in the field. Chapters cover manufacturing, processing and properties of natural rubber, describing biosynthesis, vulcanization for improved performance, strain-induced crystallization, self-reinforcement, rheology and mechanochemistry for processing, computer simulation of properties, scattering techniques and stabilizing agents. Applications covered include natural rubber, carbon allotropes, eco-friendly soft bio-composites using NR matrices and marine products, the use of NR for high functionality such as shape memory, NR for the tire industry, and natural rubber latex with advanced applications. This is an essential resource for academic researchers, scientists and (post)graduate students in rubber science, polymer science, materials science and engineering, and chemistry. In industry, this book enables professionals, R&D, and producers across the natural rubber, tire, rubber and elastomer industries, as well as across industries looking to use natural rubber products, to understand and utilize natural rubber for cutting-edge applications. Explains the latest manufacture and processing techniques for natural rubber (NR) with enhanced properties Explores novel applications of natural rubber across a range of industries, including current and potential uses Discusses resources and utilization, and considers sustainable future development of natural rubber
Download or read book Molecular Mobility of Unfilled and Carbon Black Filled Isoprene Rubber Studied by Proton NMR Transverse Relaxation and Diffusion written by Tirtha Raj Joshi and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In an attempt to understand the effect of intense ultrasound on the devulcanization of unfilled and filled isoprene rubber (IR), melts and networks, non spectroscopic solid state NMR proton transverse relaxation (T2) and pulsed gradient diffusion measurements were performed. At 70.5°C, the T2 relaxation decay of the unfilled and 35phr carbon black filled was successfully described by two-component four-parameter model. The long component mainly arose from the unentangled sol, dangling ends and oligomers, and the short component was due to the entangled sol and crosslinked network. Sonication increased intermolecular mobilities, while curing reversed this effect. The long and short T2 components in CB filled IR without processing oil increased with increasing sol generated, while no such increase was observed in the IR extended with oil. Thus, processing oil significantly altered the dependence of both T2 components on the sol fraction. The high melt molecular weight (M) without a low M tail precluded diffusion measurements. The IR melts were then degraded ultrasonically with and without subsequent vulcanization. It lowered and broadened the molecular weight distribution. This made it possible to conduct pulsed gradient diffusion experiments; the diffusion spectrum is bimodal. Here the T2 decays are consistent with a three- component model with six parameters. The additional component here is the intermediate T2 component. The results obtained were quantitatively related to earlier work in natural rubber
Download or read book The Chemistry and Physics of Rubber like Substances written by Natural Rubber Producers' Research Association and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 828 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Spectroscopy of Rubbers and Rubbery Materials written by Victor M. Litvinov and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2002 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with the application of spectroscopic techniques for characterisation of chemical and physical structures in viscoelastic materials, such as unvulcanised elastomers and their vulcanisates, various rubbery materials and some plastics, which when blended with particular additives (plasticisers) behave like rubbers. Analysis of the rubbery materials is complicated by the fact that rubbery products, such as tyres, tubes, seals, V-belts and hoses, contain in the rubbery matrix a significant amount of various compounds, i.e., fillers, vulcanising agents, antioxidants and plasticisers. Due to the complex composition, no single technique can provide a good understanding of the effect of chemical and physical structures on the functional properties of rubbery materials. Thus spectroscopy has become a powerful tool for the determination of polymer structures. The most comprehensive information on chemical and physical structures in relation to material properties can be obtained by using a combination of macroscopic techniques and methods that provide information on the molecular level. frequently used for analysis of rubbery materials, i.e., various methods of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and optical spectroscopy. The main objective of this present book is to discuss a wide range of applications of the spectroscopic techniques for the analysis of rubbery materials. The book brings together the various spectroscopic techniques for obtaining the following information: chemical structure of rubbery materials, network structure analysis, heterogeneity of rubbery materials, physical properties of rubbery materials, functional properties and stability of rubbery materials, processing of rubbery materials and quality control. The contents of this book are of interest to chemists, physicists, material scientists and technologists who seek a better understanding of rubbery materials.
Download or read book Chemical Modification of Natural Rubber Studied by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy written by Meegodage Cyril Senake Perera and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Role of Strain induced Crystallization and Cavitation on the Mechanism of Crack Splitting and Crack Deviation in Natural Rubber written by Fei Xiang and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Application of Solid State Carbon 13 NMR Spectroscopy to Sulfur Vulcanized Natural RubberAMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY written by A. M. Zaper and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 128th Meeting of the Rubber Division American Chemical Society Cleveland, Ohio October 1-4, 1985.
Download or read book A Micro Mechanically Based Continuum Model for Strain Induced Crystallization in Natural Rubber written by Sunny Jigger Mistry and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent experimental results show that strain-induced crystallization can substantially improve the crack growth resistance of natural rubber. While this might suggest superior designs of tires or other industrial applications where elastomers are used, a more thorough understanding of the underlying physics of strain-induced crystallization in natural rubber has to be developed before any design process can be started. The objective of this work is to develop a computationally-accessible micro-mechanically based continuum model, which is able to predict the macroscopic behavior of strain crystallizing natural rubber. While several researchers have developed micro-mechanical models of partially crystallized polymer chains, their results mainly give qualitative agreement with experimental data due to a lack of good micro-macro transition theories or the lack of computational power. However, recent developments in multiscale modeling in polymers provide new tools to continue this early work. In this thesis, a new model is proposed to model strain-induced crystallization in natural rubber. To this end, a micro-mechanical model of a constrained partially crystallized polymer chain with an extended-chain crystal is derived and connected to the macroscopic level using the non-affine micro-sphere model. On the macroscopic level, a thermodynamically consistent framework for strain-crystallizing materials is developed, and a description of the crystallization kinetics is introduced. For that matter, an evolution law for crystallization based on the gradient of the macroscopic Helmholtz free energy function (chemical potential) in combination with a simple threshold function is used. A numerical implementation of the model is proposed and its predictive performance assessed using published data.
Download or read book NMR Methods for Characterization of Synthetic and Natural Polymers written by Rongchun Zhang and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2019-07-29 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the introduction of FT-NMR spectroscopy around five decades ago, NMR has achieved significant advances in hardware and methodologies, accompanied with the enhancement of spectral resolution and signal sensitivity. Rapid developments in the polymers field mean that accurate and quantitative characterization of polymer structures and dynamics is the keystone for precisely regulating and controlling the physical and chemical properties of the polymer. This book specifically focuses on NMR investigation of complex polymers for the polymer community as well as NMR spectroscopists, and will push the development of both fields. It covers the latest advances, for example high field DNP and ultrafast MAS methodologies, and show how these novel NMR methods characterize various synthetic and natural polymers.
Download or read book Temperature and Stress Induced Crystallization in Carbon Black Filled Natural Rubber written by H. Liu and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reverse Engineering of Rubber Products written by Saikat Das Gupta and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-09-19 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reverse engineering is widely practiced in the rubber industry. Companies routinely analyze competitors’ products to gather information about specifications or compositions. In a competitive market, introducing new products with better features and at a faster pace is critical for any manufacturer. Reverse Engineering of Rubber Products: Concepts, Tools, and Techniques explains the principles and science behind rubber formulation development by reverse engineering methods. The book describes the tools and analytical techniques used to discover which materials and processes were used to produce a particular vulcanized rubber compound from a combination of raw rubber, chemicals, and pigments. A Compendium of Chemical, Analytical, and Physical Test Methods Organized into five chapters, the book first reviews the construction of compounding ingredients and formulations, from elastomers, fillers, and protective agents to vulcanizing chemicals and processing aids. It then discusses chemical and analytical methods, including infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis, chromatography, and microscopy. It also examines physical test methods for visco-elastic behavior, heat aging, hardness, and other features. A chapter presents important reverse engineering concepts. In addition, the book includes a wide variety of case studies of formula reconstruction, covering large products such as tires and belts as well as smaller products like seals and hoses. Get Practical Insights on Reverse Engineering from the Book’s Case Studies Combining scientific principles and practical advice, this book brings together helpful insights on reverse engineering in the rubber industry. It is an invaluable reference for scientists, engineers, and researchers who want to produce comparative benchmark information, discover formulations used throughout the industry, improve product performance, and shorten the product development cycle.
Download or read book Polymer Preprints Japan written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book On the Response of Rubbers at High Strain Rates written by Johnathan Greenberg Niemczura and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this study is to examine the propagation of waves of finite deformation in rubbers through experiments and analysis. First, attention is focused on the propagation of one-dimensional dispersive waves in strips of latex and nitrile rubber. Tensile wave propagation experiments were conducted at high strain-rates by holding one end fixed and displacing the other end at a constant velocity. A high-speed video camera was used to monitor the motion and to determine the evolution of strain and particle velocity in rubber strips. Analysis of the response through the theory of finite wave propagation indicated a need for an appropriate constitutive model for rubber; by quantitative matching between the experimental observations and analytical predictions, an appropriate instantaneous elastic response for the rubbers was obtained. This matching process suggested that a simple power-law constitutive model was capable of representing the high strain-rate response for both rubbers used. Next, the propagation of one-dimensional shock waves in strips of latex and nitrile rubber is examined. Shock waves have been generated under tensile impact in pre-stretched rubber strips; analysis of the response yields the tensile shock adiabat for rubbers. The propagation of shocks is analyzed by developing an analogy with the theory of detonation. Attention is then focused on the propagation of unloading waves of finite deformation in a rubber specimen analytically and experimentally. A rubber strip stretched to many times its initial length is released at one end and the resulting unloading is examined. Dispersive waves as well as shock waves are observed in these experiments. Quantitative discrepancies between the analytical model and experimental observations are again used to motivate a power-law model. Hysteresis in the response is attributed to strain-induced crystallization and melting phase transitions in natural latex rubber, and to nonequilibrium microstructural deformation in nitrile rubber. Finally, a Kolsky experiment is conducted and analyzed under the framework of dispersive loading and unloading waves utilized in the previous experiments. In this experiment, a phase boundary is introduced separating low and high strain phases of the rubber and is demonstrated to persist as a stationary boundary in latex rubber.
Download or read book Viscosity Control of Natural Rubber in the Solid State written by M. Nadarajah and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Deformation induced Crystallization in Rubber like Materials written by Motasem Saidan and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
