Download or read book Stereotype Threat and Its Effect on the Cognitive Ability Test Performance of African Americans written by Patrick F. McKay and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Does Stereotype Threat Differentially Affect Cognitive Ability Test Performance of Minorities and Women a Meta analytic Review of Experimental Evidence written by Hannah-Hanh Dung Nguyen and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stereotype Threat written by Michael Inzlicht and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 21st century has brought with it unparalleled levels of diversity in the classroom and the workforce. It is now common to see in elementary school, high school, and university classrooms, not to mention boardrooms and factory floors, a mixture of ethnicities, races, genders, and religious affiliations. But these changes in academic and economic opportunities have not directly translated into an elimination of group disparities in academic performance, career opportunities, and levels of advancement. Standard explanations for these disparities, which are vehemently debated in the scientific community and popular press, range from the view that women and minorities are genetically endowed with inferior abilities to the view that members of these demographic groups are products of environments that frustrate the development of the skills needed for success. Although these explanations differ along a continuum of nature vs. nurture, they share in common a presumption that a large chunk of our population lacks the potential to achieve academic and career success.In contrast to intractable factors like biology or upbringing, the research summarized in this book suggests that factors in one's immediate situation play a critical yet underappreciated role in temporarily suppressing the intellectual performance of women and minorities, creating an illusion of group differences in ability. Research conducted over the course of the last fifteen years suggests the mere existence of cultural stereotypes that assert the intellectual inferiority of these groups creates a threatening intellectual environment for stigmatized individuals - a climate where anything they say or do is interpreted through the lens of low expectations. This stereotype threat can ultimately interfere with intellectual functioning and academic engagement, setting the stage for later differences in educational attainment, career choice, and job advancement.
Download or read book Stereotype Threat Effects in Employment Settings written by James L. Farr and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a special edition of "Human Performance", in which stereotype threats in employment settings are examined.
Download or read book Stereotype Threat Stereotype Obligation and the Intellectual Test Performance of African Americans and European Americans written by Bryant Thomas Marks and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stereotype Threat Theory as an Explanation for the Depressed Performance on Cognitive Ability Measures by African Americans written by John Michael Nomura and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cognitive Ability Job Knowledge and Stereotype Threat written by Mark V. Palumbo and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research compared the efficacy of a cognitive ability test and two types of job knowledge tests for predicting job performance. Further, I examined job knowledge as a mechanism through which cognitive ability affects performance. Finally, I examined both types of tests relative to specific propositions from stereotype threat theory. Specifically, I examined the propositions that perceptions of the tests may cause mean score differences between Blacks and Whites and compared the effects of test perceptions relative to both test types. Results demonstrated that job knowledge accounted for significantly more variance in task performance than cognitive ability. Furthermore, job knowledge completely mediated the effects of cognitive ability on performance. However, stereotype threat theory’s proposed test perceptions failed to account for mean test score differences between the two groups. Rather, Blacks’ misperceptions relative to what each test was designed to measure was found to be detrimental for test performance. Also, regardless of what the test was designed to measure, Blacks still perceived both types of tests as (stereotype) threatening.
Download or read book Working Memory Capacity written by Nelson Cowan and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2016-04-14 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The idea of one's memory "filling up" is a humorous misconception of how memory in general is thought to work; it actually has no capacity limit. However, the idea of a "full brain" makes more sense with reference to working memory, which is the limited amount of information a person can hold temporarily in an especially accessible form for use in the completion of almost any challenging cognitive task. This groundbreaking book explains the evidence supporting Cowan's theoretical proposal about working memory capacity, and compares it to competing perspectives. Cognitive psychologists profoundly disagree on how working memory is limited: whether by the number of units that can be retained (and, if so, what kind of units and how many), the types of interfering material, the time that has elapsed, some combination of these mechanisms, or none of them. The book assesses these hypotheses and examines explanations of why capacity limits occur, including vivid biological, cognitive, and evolutionary accounts. The book concludes with a discussion of the practical importance of capacity limits in daily life. This 10th anniversary Classic Edition will continue to be accessible to a wide range of readers and serve as an invaluable reference for all memory researchers.
Download or read book Exploring Stereotype Threat and Stereotype Boost The Impact of Manner of Stereotype Activation written by Fanny Jimenez and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2006-09-22 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2005 in the subject Psychology - Social Psychology, grade: wird in USA nicht bewertet, Indiana University (Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences), language: English, abstract: The concept of stereotype threat (Steele & Aronson, 1995) has received considerable attention in the past few years. In several studies, Steele and his colleagues took a close look at the influence that negative stereotypes can have on individuals in performance-related situations. As a reaction to the initial concept, the research also extended to other phenomena related to stereotype threat, such as the influence of positive stereotypes in performance-related situations. However, this investigation of the other side of stereotype threat and further studies that have been done regarding stereotype threat in general resulted in contradicting findings. My thesis presents a focused review of the available literature first. This is done to provide a basis for the conceptual framework Shih and colleagues proposed (Shih, Ambady, Richeson, Fujita & Gray, 2002). Their work integrates the conflicting findings and suggests two possible factors that might regulate the effects that positive and negative stereotypes have on people: selfrelevance and the manner of stereotype activation. In my study, I tested this framework in replicating and critically evaluating the study Shih et al. (2002) have conducted. The results and implications for future research are presented.
Download or read book Perspectives on Bias in Mental Testing written by Cecil Reynolds and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cultural-test-bias hypothesis is one of the most important scien tific questions facing psychology today. Briefly, the cultural-test-bias hypothesis contends that all observed group differences in mental test scores are due to a built-in cultural bias of the tests themselves; that is, group score differences are an artifact of current psychomet ric methodology. If the cultural-test-bias hypothesis is ultimately shown to be correct, then the 100 years or so of psychological research on human differences (or differential psychology, the sci entific discipline underlying all applied areas of human psychology including clinical, counseling, school, and industrial psychology) must be reexamined and perhaps dismissed as confounded, contam inated, or otherwise artifactual. In order to continue its existence as a scientific discipline, psychology must confront the cultural-test-bias hypothesis from the solid foundations of data and theory and must not allow the resolution of this issue to occur solely within (and to be determined by) the political Zeitgeist of the times or any singular work, no matter how comprehensive. In his recent volume Bias in Mental Testing (New York: Free Press, 1980), Arthur Jensen provided a thorough review of most of the empirical research relevant to the evaluation of cultural bias in psychological and educational tests that was available at the time that his book was prepared. Nevertheless, Jensen presented only one per spective on those issues in a volume intended not only for the sci entific community but for intelligent laypeople as well.
Download or read book Whistling Vivaldi written by Claude Steele and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2011-04-04 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the role of what the author calls identity contingencies in the lives of individuals and in society as a whole, focusing on stereotype threat, arguing that people who believe they may be judged based on a bad stereotype do not perform as well, and showing how to overcome the problem.
Download or read book The Effects of Stereotype Threat on the Standardized Test Scores of Black College Students written by Bridal Edward Pearson and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Influence of Stereotype Threat on the Cognitive Test Performance of African American Elders written by Pegah Touradji and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The First Year of College written by Robert S. Feldman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An examination of the first year of college and the intersecting challenges facing today's students, written by top educational researchers.
Download or read book Subgroup Differences in Cognitive Ability Test Performance written by Danielle A. Jennings and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stereotype Threat and Cognitive Selection Measures in Industrial Settings written by Amanda Leigh Brown and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Researchers have found that stereotype threat can affect the performance of blacks on cognitive selection tests. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the findings related to stereotype threat's effects on cognitive tests in the academic setting are similar to cognitive tests in the industrial setting. The Wonderlic Personnel Test was administered to 227 college students of various ethnic backgrounds at a public southeastern university. The participants were exposed to one of four situations: 1) race was requested and they were told the test was diagnostic of intellectually ability, 2) race was requested and the test was presented as non-diagnostic of intellectual ability, 3) race was not requested and they were told the test was diagnostic of intellectual ability, 4) race was not requested and the test was presented as non-diagnostic of intellectual ability. The findings indicate that ST does not have a significant affect on the performance of blacks on cognitive selection tests. However, the data suggest a significant difference in performance between the whites in the diagnostic situation and the whites in the non-diagnostic situation.
Download or read book Perceived Discrimination Stereotype Threat Grit and Neuropsychological Performance in African Americans written by Brandon E. Tross and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of perceived discrimination, stereo-type threat, and grit on the neuropsychological performance of African Americans. Within the field of neuropsychology there is a paucity of research exploring cultural and contextual variables that contribute to low performance outcomes for ethnic minorities on neuropsychological assessments in comparison to European Americans (Fujii, 2018; Mindt et al., 2010). Perceived discrimination and stereotype threat have been shown to lower performance outcomes for African Americans on neuropsychological assessments (Barnes et al., 2012; Thames et al., 2013). Because of their lower performance outcomes on neuropsychological assessments, African Americans are at greater risk for being inaccurately diagnosed as impaired, limiting their ability to function independently (Mindt et al., 2010). This study sought to better understand the effects of perceived discrimination and stereo-type threat on the neuropsychological performance of African Americans and explored whether a brief psychoeducational intervention could reduce or eliminate the stereotype threat effect. As there is a paucity of literature on non-cognitive positive predictors of performance (Hill & Aita, 2018), this study also explored the ability of grit to predict performance outcomes on neuropsychological assessments. A brief web-based neuropsychological evaluation was conducted to obtain participant neuropsychological performance (NP) scores. Participants consisted of 80 African Americans across the United States. The study utilized a 2 (stereotype threat vs. no stereotype threat) x 2 (intervention vs. no intervention) factorial design. An ANOVA, independent sample t-test, and simple linear regressions were conducted to test four hypotheses. Results of this study indicated that the conditions participants were placed in had an effect on their neuropsychological performance; that a brief psychoeducational intervention was not able to mitigate the stereotype threat effect; higher grit scores were implicated in better neuro-psychological performance; and high levels of perceived discrimination were not related to poor neuropsychological performance.
