Download or read book Stem Cells and Cancer in Hepatology written by Yun-Wen Zheng and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-05-18 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stem Cells and Cancer in Hepatology: From the Essentials to Application offers basic scientists and clinicians in the fields of stem cells, hepatology and oncology an overview of the interaction between liver biology, stem cells and cancer. It discusses how the liver performs regeneration and repair, the role stem cells play in these processes, and the mechanisms by which liver cancers are initiated and developed. As the field of stem cells and cancer stem cells in hepatology is new and dynamic, thus making it difficult for researchers and clinicians to understand the most relevant historic and novel studies, this volume addresses that challenge. - Addresses both the basic and clinical perspectives of the topic, including sections on normal and cancer stem cells of the liver - Provides coverage of the molecular mechanisms of liver development, the proliferation of hepatic progenitor cells during development, epithelial cell plasticity, generation of hepatocytes by transdifferentiation, liver tissue engineering, and more - Presents a study of hepatic stem cells that will help readers understand critical events during development, stem cell differentiation towards functional liver cell fate, and tumor initiation

Download or read book Stem Cell and Liver Regeneration written by K. Okita and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cellular therapy with liver stem cells and their progeny, including bone marrow cells, is a promising new approach that will contribute significantly to the treatment of liver diseases. The existence of the liver stem cell had long been debated, but it is now generally accepted that the liver contains cells with stem-like properties and that these cells can be activated to proliferate and differentiate into mature hepatocytes under certain conditions. There is also a substantial body of evidence to suggest that oval cells are involved in liver regeneration as they differentiate into hepatocytes and biliary cells. This book is a collection of work on stem cell and liver regeneration, initially delivered at the 14th Yamaguchi (Japan) Symposium on Liver Disease. Its nine chapters present the most recent data about basic and clinical research in hepatology in Japan and other countries, providing a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners alike.

Download or read book Regenerative Medicine Stem Cells and the Liver written by David C. Hay and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-04-12 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The regenerative capacity of the liver has been recognized for centuries, but when it is overwhelmed by insulting stimuli or is chronically damaged, its regenerative capability is substantially reduced or lost. Researchers have been working to find solutions to cure failing human liver function. Given the ability of stem cells to self- renew and differentiate into specialized cell liver types, they represent an attractive strategy to replace lost liver function. This book begins by outlining the complex nature of human liver disease and proceeds to examine the potential that stem cell-based approaches have to offer.

Download or read book Liver Stem Cells written by Stewart Sell and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cancer Stem Cells and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 in Liver Cancers written by Hiroyuki Tomita and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cancer stem cell (CSC) theory posits that a small population of cells with stem cell-like features is responsible for tumor growth, resistance, and recurrence in many malignancies. This theory could be a useful paradigm for designing innovative targeted drug therapies. Liver cancer is the fifth most common cancer worldwide, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) as the predominant forms. Hepatic stem/progenitor cells are believed to be the origin of HCCs and CCAs; however, this remains a controversial topic. Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) is the main enzymatic system responsible for the clearance of acetaldehyde from the hepatocytes in the liver tissue. Therefore, ALDH1 has been suggested to be a potential, biological and CSC marker in liver cancers. We here provide an overview of the current state of knowledge of CSCs in liver and the role of ALDH1 in the development and progression of liver cancers and discuss its potential value as a prognostic and diagnostic biomarker.

Download or read book Innovative Medicine written by Kazuwa Nakao and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-13 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is devoted to innovative medicine, comprising the proceedings of the Uehara Memorial Foundation Symposium 2014. It remains extremely rare for the findings of basic research to be developed into clinical applications, and it takes a long time for the process to be achieved. The task of advancing the development of basic research into clinical reality lies with translational science, yet the field seems to struggle to find a way to move forward. To create innovative medical technology, many steps need to be taken: development and analysis of optimal animal models of human diseases, elucidation of genomic and epidemiological data, and establishment of “proof of concept”. There is also considerable demand for progress in drug research, new surgical procedures, and new clinical devices and equipment. While the original research target may be rare diseases, it is also important to apply those findings more broadly to common diseases. The book covers a wide range of topics and is organized into three complementary parts. The first part is basic research for innovative medicine, the second is translational research for innovative medicine, and the third is new technology for innovative medicine. This book helps to understand innovative medicine and to make progress in its realization.

Download or read book Hepatocyte Transplantation written by S. Gupta and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-09-30 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years there has been an increasing need for transplantation, but the number of donor livers available has increased only slightly, despite intensive public relations activities. New concepts in the field of transplantation, for instance the transplantation of living donor organs or the splitting of organs, are urgently required, to safeguard the treatment of patients with severe liver disease. The development and clinical application of cell therapy for patients with liver disease could soon present a significant enhancement of the therapeutic options. The aim of such cell therapy is to repair or improve the biological function of the chronically and acutely damaged liver. Even though systematic trials are not available, individual case reports and small series already show promising clinical results. Present concepts of cell therapy for liver diseases based on the use of primary hepatocytes have recently been considerably extended through new data on the biology of stem cells. The adult haematopoetic stem cell as a pool for hepatocyte grafts - what would be the perspectives for the clinical application? This book is the proceedings of the Falk Symposium No. 126 on `Hepatocyte Transplantation' (Progress in Gastroenterology and Hepatology Part III) held in Hannover, Germany, October 2-3, 2001, and is a forum for basic research, but also for questions concerning clinical applications in the field of hepatocyte transplantation.

Download or read book The Liver written by Irwin M. Arias and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-03-09 with total page 1156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bridging the gap between basic scientific advances and the understanding of liver disease — the extensively revised new edition of the premier text in the field. The latest edition of The Liver: Biology and Pathobiology remains a definitive volume in the field of hepatology, relating advances in biomedical sciences and engineering to understanding of liver structure, function, and disease pathology and treatment. Contributions from leading researchers examine the cell biology of the liver, the pathobiology of liver disease, the liver’s growth, regeneration, metabolic functions, and more. Now in its sixth edition, this classic text has been exhaustively revised to reflect new discoveries in biology and their influence on diagnosing, managing, and preventing liver disease. Seventy new chapters — including substantial original sections on liver cancer and groundbreaking advances that will have significant impact on hepatology — provide comprehensive, fully up-to-date coverage of both the current state and future direction of hepatology. Topics include liver RNA structure and function, gene editing, single-cell and single-molecule genomic analyses, the molecular biology of hepatitis, drug interactions and engineered drug design, and liver disease mechanisms and therapies. Edited by globally-recognized experts in the field, this authoritative volume: Relates molecular physiology to understanding disease pathology and treatment Links the science and pathology of the liver to practical clinical applications Features 16 new “Horizons” chapters that explore new and emerging science and technology Includes plentiful full-color illustrations and figures The Liver: Biology and Pathobiology, Sixth Edition is an indispensable resource for practicing and trainee hepatologists, gastroenterologists, hepatobiliary and liver transplant surgeons, and researchers and scientists in areas including hepatology, cell and molecular biology, virology, and drug metabolism.

Download or read book Cellular fluctuations alpha fetoprotein expression and the question of stem cells in experimental liver regeneration and hepatocarcinogenesis written by Wolf-Dieter Kuhlmann and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2023-05-25 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hepatocytes and bile ductular cells possess stem-like potential in restoring liver tissue. This was derived from rat and mouse injury models such as (a) partial hepatectomy by surgery; (b) acute carbon tetrachloride intoxication; © injuries by D-galactosamine (GalN) or by N-nitrosomorpholine (NNM); (d) experimental hepatocarcinogenesis with NNM using different doses. Liver parenchyma was restored by adult hepatocytes after partial hepatectomy as well as after carbon tetrachloride intoxication. Concurrently, hepatocytes resumed synthesis of alpha-1-fetoprotein (AFP) which depended to a high degree on the animal species and strains used in that studies. In contrast to this way of regeneration, liver repair after heavy injuries by agents such as GalN and NNM was initiated by oval cell proliferation deriving from ductular epithelial cells of the canaliculi of HERING (canals of Hering, intrahepatic bile ductules) as sources of endogenous progenitors. Progenitor populations reach levels of differentiation with fetal gene reactivation and significant AFP expression. Proliferating oval cells operated as transit and amplification compartment during liver regeneration. Oval cell proliferation and concurrent AFP synthesis occurred also in the early stages of hepatocarcinogenesis when the carcinogen NNM was applied in toxic doses. The histologic features compared to those seen in GalN intoxication. NNM carcinogenicity was of concern for both oval cells and adult hepatocytes with risks of transformation and malignant development. At the cancer stage, carcinomas either synthesizing AFP or not can be found side by side in the same liver. AFP expression by cancer cells seems to be a special attribute to differentiation stages in carcinogenesis. Clonality, maturation arrest and retro-differentiation feature cells with high autonomy.

Download or read book Identification and Characterization of Tumorigenic Liver Cancer Stem Progenitor Cells written by Kwai-Yee Stephanie Ma and published by . This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Identification and characterization of tumorigenic liver cancer stem/progenitor cells" by Kwai-yee, Stephanie, Ma, 馬桂宜, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Abstract of thesis entitled Identification and Characterization of Tumorigenic Liver Cancer Stem/Progenitor Cells Submitted by Stephanie Kwai-Yee Ma For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Hong Kong July 2007 Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide affecting one million individuals annually. Despite advances in the detection and treatment of the disease, mortality rate remains high because current therapies are limited by the emergence of chemotherapy-resistant cancer cells. Existing chemotherapies against HCC are usually developed against the bulk of the tumor mass, where although they are able to initially shrink the size of the tumor, they fail to eradicate the lesion in full, thus resulting in disease relapse. Recent research efforts in stem cell biology put forth the proposal of a hierarchical "stem cell model of carcinogenesis" which suggests that tumors are organized in a hierarchy of heterogeneous cell populations and that the capability to maintain tumor formation and growth specifically resides in a small population of cells called cancer stem cells (CSCs). The stem cell-like characteristics of these cells and their limited number within the tumor bulk are believed to account for their capability to escape therapies. In this study, we pioneered the identification of an exclusive population of CSCs from human HCC cell lines and xenograft tumors. CD133 expression in cultured cell lines was found to correlate with the ability of the cells to develop tumor in vivo. Functional studies on + - + sorted CD133 and CD133 cells found CD133 cells to be inherently more tumorigenic; showing a greater colony-forming efficiency, higher proliferative output and greater ability to form tumor in vivo. As few as 1000 CD133 cells were sufficient for consistent tumor development in SCID mice while at least 50x as many CD133 cells were necessary to generate a tumor in the same model. Moreover, these cells were found to be endowed with characteristics of stem cells including the preferential expression of "stemness" genes, the ability to self-renew and the ability to differentiate into angiomyogenic-like, non-hepatocyte- like lineages. Further, CD133 was found to be maintained in rare numbers in CD133 induced xenograft tumors and human HCC specimens. In addition, CD133 cells were found to be more resistant to anticancer drugs, doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil; the molecular mechanism by which was mediated via the PI3K/Akt and Bcl-2 survival pathway. Treatment of CD133 cells with an inhibitor specific to AKT1 particularly reduced the expression of 473 136 survival proteins (P-Akt-Ser, P-Bad-Ser, Bcl-2) normally expressed endogenously. In addition, treatment of unsorted cells with both drugs in culture specifically enriched the CD133 subpopulation. Subsequent investigation by 2D-PAGE technique led to the elucidation of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) as an additional differentially expressed marker useful for HCC CSC identification. ALDH1A1 was exclusively expressed + + + in the CD133 subpopulation. More importantly, CD133 ALDH1A1 cells displayed significant preferential tumorigenic potential in vitro, when compared with their respective + - - - CD133 ALDH1A1 or CD133 ALDH1A1 counterparts. In summary, our findings provide a previously uncharacterized model of liver tumor biology in

Download or read book Stem Cell and Liver Regeneration written by K Okita and published by . This book was released on 2003-12-01 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Stem Cells and Progenitors in Liver Development written by Marcus O. Muench and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2013 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The human liver is a dynamic organ throughout life, but no more so than during prenatal development. The liver performs many essential functions associated with metabolism, immunity and blood production. These diverse functions are performed by a variety of cell types that have the capacity for growth, allowing the liver to regenerate cells lost due to aging, infection or injury. Various stem cell populations are at the core of the liver's potential for regeneration, which are most active during embryonic and fetal development, when the liver undergoes rapid growth. Consequently, the prenatal liver represents a unique opportunity to study the precursor cells that give rise to all liver cells at their time of greatest activity. Herein, we focus on the early development of the human liver from the perspective of the stem cells and their many lines of progeny that generate the hepatic, endothelial, mesenchymal and hematopoietic cells that comprise the fetal liver. Understanding the developmental relationships, growth control and cellular interactions among these cells is crucial to our understanding of liver development and function during prenatal life. This knowledge also provides insight into the development of cellular therapies, transplantation and the treatment of cancers.

Download or read book Stem Cells for Cancer and Genetic Disease Treatment written by Phuc Van Pham and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-07 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This invaluable resource discusses insights ranging from basic biological mechanisms of various types of stem cells through the potential applications in the treatment of human diseases, including cancer and genetic disorders. These discoveries are placed within the structural context of tissue and developmental biology in sections dealing with recent advances in understanding different types of stem cell biology and their potential applications in tissue repair and regeneration and in the treatment different types of human cancer and genetic diseases or disorders. Stem Cells for Cancer and Genetic Disease Treatment and the other books in the Stem Cells in Clinical Applicationsseries will be invaluable to scientists, researchers, advanced students and clinicians working in stem cells, regenerative medicine or tissue engineering as well as cancer or genetics research.

Download or read book The Role of Cell Types in Hepatocarcinogenesis written by Alphonse E. Sirica and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1992-09-11 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Role of Cell Types in Hepatocarcinogenesis provides the first comprehensive, review and analysis of cell precursor relationships believed to be important in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma and other types of nonmesenchymal liver tumors. The book focuses on cell lineages in liver development and neoplastic formation in both experimental animal models and humans. It also critically reviews current information supporting the existence of a "facultative liver stem cell" and its potential role as an alternative cell of origin in the genesis of various hepatic neoplasms, including hepatocellular carcinoma. Other significant topics covered include cellular and viral oncogenes, p53 gene and growth factors in hepatocarcinogenesis, and the use of newly developed transgenic animal and cell culture models designed for investigating the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Numerous figures and tables illustrate difficult concepts, and an extensive listing of references is included. The Role of Cell Types in Hepatocarcinogenesis is a practical reference volume that basic and clinical researchers in liver carcinogenesis, development, and differentiation will find useful in their day-to-day work.

Download or read book Growth Proliferation and Apoptosis in Hepatocytes written by K. Okita and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the 1st Yamaguchi Symposium on Liver Diseases in 1989, this series of symposia has provided opportunities for exchanges of information on the topic between leading Japanese hepatologists and internationally renowned scientists. Somewhat unusually for meetings held in Japan, the official language of the symposium is English. The pro ceedings of these symposia are published under the title Frontiers in Hepatology and distributed worldwide. The 12th symposium was held on December 9 and 10,2000, at the ANA Hotel, Ube, Japan. The theme selected by the Organizing Committee was "Growth, Proliferation, and Apoptosis in Hepatocytes;' each of which is important in the understanding of the pathophysiology of intractable liver disease. Nine Japanese hepatologists were invited to give presentations, as was leading u.S. researcher Professor D.A. Brenner, recently elected editor-in-chief of the journal Gastroenterology. The reports given at the two-day meeting were valuable in furthering our under standing of the complicated signaling system involved in hepatocyte differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Progress in this field is rapid, and another symposium on the same theme will be held in the near future. We believe that these proceedings are useful in summarizing current information on this important topic. The Organizing Committee would like to express special thanks to all participants and to the Viral Hepatitis Research Foundation of Japan for its continuing financial support.

Download or read book Hepatocellular Carcinoma written by Yujin Hoshida and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-05 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of the current limitations and unmet needs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. It also provides newly emerging concepts, approaches, and technologies to address challenges. Topics covered include changing landscape of HCC etiologies in association with health disparities, framework of clinical management algorithm, new and experimental modalities of HCC diagnosis and prognostication, multidisciplinary treatment options including rapidly evolving molecular targeted therapies and immune therapies, multi-omics molecular characterization, and clinically relevant experimental models. The book is intended to assist collaboration between the diverse disciplines and facilitate forward and reverse translation between basic and clinical research by providing a comprehensive overview of relevant areas, covering epidemiological trend and population-level patient management strategies, new diagnostic and prognostic tools, recent advances in the standard care and novel therapeutic approaches, and new concepts in pathogenesis and experimental approaches and tools, by experts and opinion leaders in their respective fields. By thoroughly and concisely covering whole aspects of HCC care, Hepatocellular Carcinoma serves as a valuable reference for multidisciplinary readers, and promotes the development of personalized precision care strategies that lead to substantial improvement of disease burden and patient prognosis in HCC.

Download or read book Molecular Genetics of Liver Neoplasia written by Xin Wei Wang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-11-08 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Primary liver cancer is the third most deadly and fifth most common cancer worldwide (~500,000 deaths annually), with a sharp increase of incidence in the United States in recent years. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CC) are the major types of primary liver cancer. Risk factors include gender, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), cirrhosis, metabolism diseases, diabetes, obesity, toxins, excess alcohol consumption and smoking. Liver cancer arises most frequently in inflammatory livers with extensive oxidative stress due to viral hepatitis which causes over 80% of HCC cases worldwide. Currently, survival remains dismal for most HCC and CC patients, largely due to the tumor’s aggressiveness at the time of diagnosis and the lack of effective therapy.