Download or read book State of the World s Forests 2007 written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2007 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the 7th edition of the FAO's biennial report on the state of global forest resources, recent developments and emerging issues in the forest sector. This edition focuses on progress towards sustainable forest management at the regional and global levels, with each regional report structured according to seven thematic elements: the extent of forest resources; biological diversity; forest health and vitality; productive functions of forest resources; protective functions of forest resources; socio-economic functions; and legal, policy and institutional frameworks. These summaries are based on the most current information available, including new data from the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2005 (FRA 2005). The report goes on to consider 18 key issues in the forest sector, including: climate change, forest landscape restoration, forest tenure, invasive species, wildlife management and wood energy. The overall conclusion is that whilst progress is being made, it is very uneven with those regions with developing economies and tropical ecosystems continuing to lose forest area whilst lacking adequate institutions to reverse this trend. The biggest limitation for evaluating progress is weak data, with many countries lacking the financial resources to undertake national forest assessments.

Download or read book Private or Socialistic Forestry written by Matti Palo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-02-13 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While deforestation continues at an alarming rate around the world, discussions on the range of underlying causes continue. The premise is that studying successful transitions from deforestation to sustainable forestry ex post in Finland can provide novel insights into how deforestation in the tropics might be reduced in the future. Our fundamental question here is why Finland succeeded to stop deforestation for a century ago and why not the same is feasible in the contemporary tropical countries? This book presents a novel integrated theory within which this case study on Finland and contemporary modeling of underlying causes of tropical deforestation are developed. Finland remains the world’s second largest net exporter of forest products, while maintaining the highest forest cover in Europe. A transition from deforestation to sustainable industrial forestry took place in Finland during the first part of the 20th century. The underlying causes of this transition are compared via our theory with deforestation in 74 contemporary tropical countries. Both appear similar and support our theory. The interaction of public policies and market institutions has appeared to be critical during this transition. The study’s findings suggest that private forest ownership with a continuous increase in the real value of forests and alleviation of poverty under non-corruptive conditions has been a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for this transition. In a parallel way public policies have also proved to be a necessary, but not sufficient, condition in this transition. The conclusion is that socialistic forestry along with corruption is artificially maintaining too low values in the tropical forests. The opportunity cost of sustainable forestry remains too high and deforestation by extensification of agriculture therefore continues. The prevailing socialistic forestry with dominating public forest ownership is by purpose maintaining administratively set low stumpage prices leading to low value of forests, wide corruption and continuous forest degradation and deforestation. An effective remedy – to raise the value of forests - is found to be within forestry.

Download or read book Social Indicators in the Forest Sector in Northern Europe written by Tuija Sievänen and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2013-12-02 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forest related social values such as recreation values are growing in importance in North European countries. Our urbanized societies need social services from forests and other nature areas. One of the key ecosystem services is the recreation environment provided by forests. Possibilities to enhance commercial recreational use of forests has been recognized, particularly among private forest owners, who have new opportunities for new types of forest-related entrepreneurship. This report provides a review of social indicators in forestry, particularly concerning nature-based recreation and tourism in North European countries. The common interest among scientists and other experts was to discuss how to develop social indicators and to monitor changes to social benefits in forestry and forest use. In all countries, there is a challenge to develop monitoring systems to produce inventory data for statistics that are required in a way that provid es comparable social indicators. It is timely to enhance standardization and harmonization of social indicators for monitoring and management of sustainable forestry and forest use, and for sustainable nature-based recreation and tourism.

Download or read book Global Environmental Forest Policies written by Constance McDermott and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-08-12 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Market globalization and the globalization of environmental concerns have spurred demand for greater international accountability for forest stewardship. In response, a range of multi-lateral governmental and non-governmental initiatives have emerged to redefine the rules of global trade, and demand verification of the legality and/or sustainability of forest products originating from within and outside national boundaries. At the same time there is a lack of transparency and shared understanding about the environmental forest policies that already exist within the world's leading forest producing and consuming countries. The result is that many stakeholders have developed perceptions about a country's regulatory environment that are not consistent with what is actually taking place. This book provides a uniquely detailed and systematic comparison of environmental forest policies and enforcement in twenty countries worldwide, covering developed, transition and developing economies. The goal is to enhance global policy learning and promote well-informed and precisely tuned policy solutions.

Download or read book Forest Products Annual Market Review 2011 2012 written by and published by Geneva Timber and Forest Study. This book was released on 2012-11-15 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The UNECE/FAO Forest Products Annual Market Review, 2011-2012 provides general and statistical information on forest products markets and related policies in the UN Economic Commission for Europe region (Europe, North America and the Commonwealth of Independent States). The Review begins with an overview chapter, followed by description of the macro-economic situation. Next it includes an analysis of government and industry policies affecting forest products markets. Five chapters are based on annual country-supplied statistics, describing: wood raw materials, sawn softwood, sawn hardwood, wood-based panels, and paper, paperboard and woodpulp. Additional chapters discuss markets for wood energy, certified forest products, value-added wood products, forest carbon and innovative wood products. In each chapter, production, trade and consumption are analysed and relevant material on specific markets is included. Tables and graphs provided throughout the text present summary information. Supplementary statistical tables may be found on the UNECE Timber Committee and FAO European Forestry Commission website at www.unece.org/forests/fpamr2012.

Download or read book State of the Art in Biorefinery in Finland and the United States 2008 written by Alan W. Rudie and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Embassy in Finland and the Finnish Ministry of Employment and Economy jointly sponsored a U.S. Embassy Science Fellowship to survey biorefinery research and development (R & D) activities in Finland the the United States and to seek cooperatve research efforts between the two countries. The biorefinery effort in Finland started from concerns about global climate change and a need to comply with terms of the Kyoto agreement on greenhouse gas emissions. The biorefinery program in the United States started from concerns about the rising cost of crude oil and a desire to reduce dependence on foreighn oil for U.S. transportation fuels. Although different in original intent, the two country R & D programs have many similarities and offer numerous opportunities for collaborative efforts. The program in Finland is more focused on direct replacement of high-carbon fuels, such as coal and peat, and gasification and gas reforming as a path toward transportation fuels. Chemical and biochemical research on biorefinery include production of ethanol as a transportation fuel but is more focused on specialty chemicals and use of biomass chemical fractions in films and plastics. The U.S. focus is primarily on transportation fuels, with about equal efforts on gasification and Fischer-Tropsch reforming, and cellulose hydrolysis with formation of ethanol. This difference in emphasis is partially dictated by difference in raw materials. About two-thirds of the biomass available in the United States is dedicated annual crops and unused stalks and leaves of cereal grain agriculture. The bulk of the biomass available in Finland is thinnings and logging slash from softwood tree species. Agricultural residuals are more readily hydrolyzed than softwoods and, because of higher ash content, more difficult to handle in gasification and direct combustion. The difference in program emphsis between the countries is largely a response to different climate and geographic conditions in Finland and the United States.

Download or read book Bioeconomy and Global Inequalities written by Maria Backhouse and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-17 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book focuses on the meanings, agendas, as well as the local and global implications of bioeconomy and bioenergy policies in and across South America, Asia and Europe. It explores how a transition away from a fossil and towards a bio-based economic order alters, reinforces and challenges socio-ecological inequalities. The volume presents a historically informed and empirically rich discussion of bioeconomy developments with a particular focus on bio-based energy. A series of conceptual discussions and case studies with a multidisciplinary background in the social sciences illuminate how the deployment of biomass sources from the agricultural and forestry sectors affect societal changes concerning knowledge production, land and labour relations, political participation and international trade. How can a global perspective on socio-ecological inequalities contribute to a complex and critical understanding of bioeconomy? Who participates in the negotiation of specific bioeconomy policies and who does not? Who determines the agenda? To what extent does the bioeconomy affect existing socio-ecological inequalities in rural areas? What are the implications of the bioeconomy for existing relations of extraction and inequalities across regions? The volume is an invitation to reflect upon these questions and more, at a time when the need for an ecological and socially just transition away from a carbon intensive economy is becoming increasingly pressing.

Download or read book Rural Development and Land Use written by Lars Rydén (biochemia) and published by Baltic University Press. This book was released on 2012-10-28 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Introduction to Forestry and Natural Resources written by Donald L. Grebner and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-01-19 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to Forestry and Natural Resources, Second Edition, presents a broad, completely updated overview of the profession of forestry. The book details several key fields within forestry, including forest management, economics, policy, utilization and forestry careers. Chapters deal specifically with forest regions of the world, landowners, forest products, wildlife habitats, tree anatomy and physiology, and forest disturbances and health. These topics are ideal for undergraduate introductory courses and include numerous examples and questions for students to ponder. There is also a section dedicated to forestry careers. Unlike other introductory forestry texts, which focus largely on forest ecology rather than practical forestry concepts, this book encompasses the economic, ecological and social aspects, thus providing a uniquely balanced text. The wide range of experience of the contributing authors equips them especially well to identify missing content from other texts in the area and address topics currently covered in corresponding college courses. - Covers the application of forestry and natural resources around the world with a focus on practical applications and graphical examples - Describes basic techniques for measuring and evaluating forest resources and natural resources, including fundamental terminology and concepts - Includes management policies and their influence at the local, national and international levels

Download or read book Fifth Ministerial Conference on the Protection of Forests in Europe Conference Proceedings written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Engineering Earth written by Stanley D. Brunn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-03-19 with total page 2248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book to examine the actual impact of physical and social engineering projects in more than fifty countries from a multidisciplinary perspective. The book brings together an international team of nearly two hundred authors from over two dozen different countries and more than a dozen different social, environmental, and engineering sciences. Together they document and illustrate with case studies, maps and photographs the scale and impacts of many megaprojects and the importance of studying these projects in historical, contemporary and postmodern perspectives. This pioneering book will stimulate interest in examining a variety of both social and physical engineering projects at local, regional, and global scales and from disciplinary and trans-disciplinary perspectives.

Download or read book Forest Hydrology written by Devendra Amatya and published by CABI. This book was released on 2016-09-14 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forests cover approximately 26% of the world's land surface area and represent a distinct biotic community. They interact with water and soil in a variety of ways, providing canopy surfaces which trap precipitation and allow evaporation back into the atmosphere, thus regulating how much water reaches the forest floor as through fall, as well as pull water from the soil for transpiration. The discipline "forest hydrology" has been developed throughout the 20th century. During that time human intervention in natural landscapes has increased, and land use and management practices have intensified. The book will be useful for graduate students, professionals, land managers, practitioners, and researchers with a good understanding of the basic principles of hydrology and hydrologic processes.

Download or read book Managing Northern Europe s Forests written by K. Jan Oosthoek and published by Berghahn Books. This book was released on 2018-02-19 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Northern Europe was, by many accounts, the birthplace of much of modern forestry practice, and for hundreds of years the region’s woodlands have played an outsize role in international relations, economic growth, and the development of national identity. Across eleven chapters, the contributors to this volume survey the histories of state forestry policy in Scandinavia, the Low Countries, Germany, Poland, and Great Britain from the early modern period to the present. Each explores the complex interrelationships of state-building, resource management, knowledge transfer, and trade over a period characterized by ongoing modernization and evolving environmental awareness.

Download or read book The Global Forest Sector written by Eric Hansen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-12-04 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Changes in production, demand, supply, and trade patterns; the impact of green building and bioenergy on industry practices and policy infrastructure; and new economies with production advantages and large consumption bases all present challenges and opportunities in the forest sector. With contributions from leading experts in academia and professional organizations, The Global Forest Sector: Changes, Practices, and Prospects fills a gap in the literature that is preventing students, scholars, and policy makers from developing a timely, structured, big-picture view of forest sector business. In addition, the book reviews current thinking on a wide variety of business management issues in the forest sector. The book covers managing change in the global forest sector and the impact of globalization on forest users. It discusses markets and market forces, new products and product categories, and the influence of China and Russia. The book then examines the environmental paradigm, including environmental activism, sustainability, and the impact of green building and bioenergy. The book concludes with coverage of the role of information technology, corporate social responsibility, innovation, and next steps. Overall, this book helps readers both develop a bird’s eye view of the changes surrounding the forest sector as well as have a magnified view of numerous managerial issues associated with these changes. The content paints a picture of the current and changing forest sector including the state of forests, the nature of markets, the newly emerged patterns of stakeholder impact, and evolution of key business practices. It provides the foundation needed to develop the conservation-based economy required for future success in the global forest sector.

Download or read book Corporate Social Responsibility and the State written by Jane Lister and published by UBC Press. This book was released on 2011-05-23 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Public concern about worsening global environmental and social conditions has spurred corporate participation in voluntary corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs. Such efforts are promising, but CSR participation has unfolded unevenly across the globe, leading to skepticism about the efficacy of CSR efforts, and to increased pressure on governments to get involved. Corporate Social Responsibility and the State examines CSR governance through the lens of forest certification in Canada, the US, and Sweden. Drawing on more than one hundred interviews with experts, Lister offers revealing new information on CSR governance, ultimately demonstrating the importance of voluntary CSR as a supplement to rather than a substitute for strong state regulation. One of the first studies to directly address the role of the public sector in CSR, this book provides much-needed theoretical and practical guidance for understanding a vital new governance approach to effective social and environmental stewardship.

Download or read book Social Ecological Diversity and Traditional Food Systems written by Ranjay Kumar Singh and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-11-30 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book draws on world-wide experiences and valuable lessons to highlight community-ecosystem interactions and the role of traditional knowledge in sustaining biocultural resources through community-based adaptations. The book targets different audiences including researchers working on human-environment interactions and climate adaptation practices, biodiversity conservators, non-government organizations and policy makers involved in revitalizing traditional foods and community-based conservation and adaptation in diverse ecosystems. This volume is also a source book for educators advocating for and collaborating with indigenous and local peoples to promote location-specific adaptations to overcome the impacts of multiple biotic and abiotic stresses. Note: T&F does not sell or distribute the hardback in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. This title is co-published with NIPA.

Download or read book Container Tree Nursery Manual Volume Seven Seedling Processing Storage and Outplanting written by and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents information on the target plant concept; addressing plant quality; harvesting; plant storage; handling and shipping; and outplanting.